{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:39:14Z","timestamp":1792651154377,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,10,22]],"date-time":"2027-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1824163200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":263,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMMI-2025923"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMMI-2025923"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMMI-2026906"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMMI-2026906"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bone"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T15:28:51Z","timestamp":1791818931000},"page":"118131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Bound and pore water contributions to fracture in lateral femoral cortex: MRI-based extended finite element and fuzzy approximation modeling"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"215","author":[{"given":"Ashkan","family":"Sedigh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nada","family":"Kamona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon C.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian-Tinh","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiana L.","family":"Cottrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyssa","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chamith S.","family":"Rajapakse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ani","family":"Ural","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1998","article-title":"Atypical subtrochanteric and Diaphyseal femoral fractures: second report of a task force of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research","volume":"29","author":"Shane","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1916525","article-title":"Atypical femur fracture risk versus fragility fracture prevention with bisphosphonates","volume":"383","author":"Black","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0015","first-page":"170","article-title":"Treatment of bisphosphonate-associated atypical femur fracture with a combination of teriparatide and a novel surgical technique","volume":"10","author":"Chincholi","year":"2024","journal-title":"AACE Clin. Case Rep."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2565","article-title":"Trends in media reports, oral bisphosphonate prescriptions, and hip fractures 1996\u20132012: an ecological analysis","volume":"30","author":"Jha","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2888","article-title":"A crisis in the treatment of osteoporosis","volume":"31","author":"Khosla","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1731","article-title":"Microindentation for in vivo measurement of bone tissue material properties in atypical femoral fracture patients and controls","volume":"28","author":"G\u00fcerri-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3078","article-title":"Understanding bone strength is not enough","volume":"32","author":"Hernandez","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5932496","article-title":"Atypical femoral shaft fractures in female bisphosphonate users were associated with an increased anterolateral femoral bow and a thicker lateral cortex: a case-control study","volume":"2017","author":"Jang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.N.00075","article-title":"Association of atypical femoral fractures with bisphosphonate use by patients with varus hip geometry","volume":"96","author":"Hagen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. - Am. Vol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2748","article-title":"Incidence and characteristics of atypical femoral fractures: clinical and geometrical data","volume":"31","author":"Mahjoub","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2014.02.006","article-title":"Symptomatic atypical femoral fractures are related to underlying hip geometry","volume":"63","author":"Taormina","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4255","article-title":"The Sydney AFF score: a simple tool to distinguish females presenting with atypical femur fractures versus typical femur fractures","volume":"36","author":"Crouch","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2017.09.023","article-title":"Location of atypical femoral fracture can be determined by tensile stress distribution influenced by femoral bowing and neck-shaft angle: a CT-based nonlinear finite element analysis model for the assessment of femoral shaft loading stress","volume":"48","author":"Oh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2014.08.037","article-title":"Potential pathogenic mechanism for stress fractures of the bowed femoral shaft in the elderly: mechanical analysis by the CT-based finite element method","volume":"45","author":"Oh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2018.02.015","article-title":"Influence of geometry on proximal femoral shaft strains: implications for atypical femoral fracture","volume":"110","author":"Haider","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2020.115318","article-title":"Assessment of the multifactorial causes of atypical femoral fractures using a novel multiscale finite element approach","volume":"135","author":"Demirtas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4070711","article-title":"MRI-based cohesive extended finite element modeling of atypical femoral fracture","volume":"148","author":"Sedigh","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2016.07.015","article-title":"Assessment of the effect of reduced compositional heterogeneity on fracture resistance of human cortical bone using finite element modeling","volume":"91","author":"Demirtas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-016-0314-3","article-title":"Tissue-level mechanical properties of bone contributing to fracture risk","volume":"14","author":"Nyman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Osteoporos. Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24186","article-title":"Clinically-compatible MRI strategies for discriminating bound and pore water in cortical bone","volume":"68","author":"Horch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22648","article-title":"Ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance imaging of cortical bone at 7 tesla field strength: a feasibility study","volume":"34","author":"Krug","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1535","article-title":"Quantitative ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI of human cortical bone: correlation with porosity and biomechanical properties","volume":"27","author":"Bae","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0115","article-title":"Bone hydration: how we can evaluate it, what can it tell us, and is it an effective therapeutic target?","volume":"16","author":"Surowiec","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bone Rep."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3436","article-title":"Evaluation of bound and pore water in cortical bone using ultrashort echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"NMR Biomed."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2015140336","article-title":"In vivo quantitative MR imaging of bound and pore water in cortical bone","volume":"277","author":"Manhard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2016.03.007","article-title":"MRI-derived bound and pore water concentrations as predictors of fracture resistance","volume":"87","author":"Manhard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.567417","article-title":"Quantitative ultrashort echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging of bone: an update","volume":"11","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.15141850","article-title":"Volumetric cortical bone porosity assessment with MR imaging: validation and clinical feasibility","volume":"276","author":"Rajapakse","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-015-9977-5","article-title":"The role of water compartments in the material properties of cortical bone","volume":"97","author":"Granke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2452","article-title":"Identifying novel clinical surrogates to assess human bone fracture toughness","volume":"30","author":"Granke","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0155","article-title":"MRI-derived porosity index is associated with whole-bone stiffness and mineral density in human cadaveric femora","volume":"143","author":"Jones","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2023.116863","article-title":"Toward the use of MRI measurements of bound and pore water in fracture risk assessment","volume":"176","author":"Nyman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2022.2098016","article-title":"Finite element analysis of bone mechanical properties using MRI-derived bound and pore water concentration maps","volume":"26","author":"Ketsiri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Engin."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/acbbf0","article-title":"Approximating scaffold printability utilizing computational methods","volume":"15","author":"Sedigh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0175","article-title":"Robust data expansion for optimised modelling using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems","volume":"189","author":"Mubarak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2017.11.011","article-title":"A novel data partitioning and rule selection technique for modeling high-order fuzzy time series","volume":"63","author":"Bose","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0185","article-title":"MRI-derived bone porosity index correlates to bone composition and mechanical stiffness","volume":"11","author":"Hong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bone Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.221810","article-title":"MRI quantification of cortical bone porosity, mineralization, and morphologic structure in postmenopausal osteoporosis","volume":"307","author":"Jones","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0195","first-page":"824","article-title":"Cortical bone water: in vivo quantification with ultrashort echo-time MR imaging1","volume":"248","author":"Techawiboonwong","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2020.115227","article-title":"MRI-based assessment of proximal femur strength compared to mechanical testing","volume":"133","author":"Rajapakse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(01)00040-9","article-title":"Hip contact forces and gait patterns from routine activities","volume":"34","author":"Bergmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2014.08.001","article-title":"Femoral shaft strains during daily activities: implications for atypical femoral fractures","volume":"29","author":"Martelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-7944(01)00128-X","article-title":"Extended finite element method for cohesive crack growth","volume":"69","author":"Mo\u00ebs","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eng. Fract. Mech."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2005.10.018","article-title":"Cohesive finite element modeling of age-related toughness loss in human cortical bone","volume":"39","author":"Ural","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2008.11.016","article-title":"Progressive post-yield behavior of human cortical bone in compression for middle-aged and elderly groups","volume":"42","author":"Leng","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biomech."}],"container-title":["Bone"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S8756328226003571?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S8756328226003571?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T05:50:58Z","timestamp":1792648258000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S8756328226003571"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S8756328226003571"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131","relation":{},"ISSN":["8756-3282"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8756-3282","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Bound and pore water contributions to fracture in lateral femoral cortex: MRI-based extended finite element and fuzzy approximation modeling","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Bone","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2026.118131","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"118131"}}