{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T12:03:37Z","timestamp":1776427417998,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,1]],"date-time":"2004-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1086048000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,1]],"date-time":"2004-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1086048000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,1]],"date-time":"2004-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1086048000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,1]],"date-time":"2004-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1086048000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,1]],"date-time":"2004-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1086048000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,1]],"date-time":"2004-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1086048000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,1]],"date-time":"2004-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1086048000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2003.10.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,1]],"date-time":"2004-05-01T05:50:07Z","timestamp":1083390607000},"page":"221-230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Ethical issues in fetal surgery research"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Frank A","family":"Chervenak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurence B","family":"McCullough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David J","family":"Birnbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2003.10.001_BIB1","series-title":"Unborn Patient","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2003.10.001_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0495-342","article-title":"In utero surgery rescues neurological function at birth in sheep with spina bifida","volume":"1","author":"Meuli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2003.10.001_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.19.1819","article-title":"Fetal surgery for myelomeningocele and the incidence of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus","volume":"282","author":"Bruner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2003.10.001_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.19.1826","article-title":"Improvement in hindbrain herniation demonstrated by serial fetal magnetic resonance imaging following fetal surgery for myelomeningocele","volume":"282","author":"Sutton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2003.10.001_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.19.1873","article-title":"Fetal surgery for myelomeningocele. Promise, progress and problems","volume":"282","author":"Simpson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2003.10.001_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.124274","article-title":"A comprehensive ethical framework for fetal research and its application to fetal surgery for spina bifida","volume":"187","author":"Chervenak","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2003.10.001_BIB7","series-title":"Surgical Ethics","first-page":"216","article-title":"Research and innovation in surgery","author":"Frader","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2003.10.001_BIB8","first-page":"689","article-title":"Toward the ethical evaluation and use of maternal\u2013fetal surgery","volume":"98","author":"Lyerly","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2003.10.001_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.117639","article-title":"Attitudes of maternal\u2013fetal specialists concerning maternal\u2013fetal surgery","volume":"185","author":"Lyerly","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2003.10.001_BIB10","series-title":"Ethics in Obstetrics and Gynecology","author":"McCullough","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2003.10.001_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000058848.72853.98","article-title":"Ethics: an essential dimension of obstetric anesthesia","volume":"96(5)","author":"Chervenak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2003.10.001_BIB12","first-page":"418","article-title":"The limits of viability","volume":"25","author":"Chervenak","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2003.10.001_BIB13","unstructured":"Department of Health and Human Services. Regulations for the Protection of Human Subjects. 45 CFR 46, Washington, DC, 2001."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2003.10.001_BIB14","series-title":"The Ethics of Biomedical Research: An International Perspective","author":"Brody","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2003.10.001_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199212000-00015","article-title":"The substantive ethics of clinical trials","volume":"35","author":"Lilford","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2003.10.001_BIB16","series-title":"A History of Theory of Informed Consent","author":"Faden","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2003.10.001_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.2307\/3562038","article-title":"False hopes and best data: consent to research and the therapeutic misconception","volume":"17","author":"Appelbaum","year":"1987","journal-title":"Hastings Center Report"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2003.10.001_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1999.tb08175.x","article-title":"Mothers and babies, pregnant women and fetuses","volume":"106","author":"DeCrespigny","year":"1999","journal-title":"British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2003.10.001_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1981.03320140038026","article-title":"The ethics of in utero surgery","volume":"246","author":"Barclay","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2003.10.001_BIB20","series-title":"Unborn Patient","first-page":"159","article-title":"Ethical considerations of fetal therapy","author":"Fletcher","year":"1990"}],"container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521689603000818?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521689603000818?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T11:25:38Z","timestamp":1776425138000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521689603000818"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521689603000818"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpa.2003.10.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1753-3740"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1753-3740","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ethical issues in fetal surgery research","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpa.2003.10.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}