{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T08:00:45Z","timestamp":1776412845304,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Anaesthesiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,2]],"date-time":"2017-03-02T03:15:56Z","timestamp":1488424556000},"page":"3-14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Parenteral opioid analgesia: Does it still have a role?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1865-7601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sioned Nesta","family":"Phillips","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roshan","family":"Fernando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Girard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib1","series-title":"Pharmacology for anaesthesia and intensive care. Pharmacology for anaesthesia and intensive care","first-page":"135","article-title":"Analgesics","author":"Peck","year":"2008"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2007.05.014","article-title":"Prescribing intramuscular opioids for labour analgesia in consultant-led maternity units: a survey of UK practice","volume":"17","author":"Tuckey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12532","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of intramuscular diamorphine and intramuscular pethidine for labour analgesia: a two-centre randomised blinded controlled trial","volume":"121","author":"Wee","year":"2014","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00131.x","article-title":"Diamorphine for pain relief in labour: a randomised controlled trial comparing intramuscular injection and patient-controlled analgesia","volume":"111","author":"McInnes","year":"2004","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(89)90266-4","article-title":"Fentanyl citrate analgesia during labor","volume":"161","author":"Rayburn","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-289X(98)90005-X","article-title":"Neonatal effects of patient-controlled analgesia using fentanyl in labor","volume":"7","author":"Morley-Forster","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03018845","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of patient-controlled analgesia fentanyl and alfentanil for labour analgesia","volume":"47","author":"Morley-forster","year":"2000","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2006.00155.x","article-title":"A\u00a0review of intrathecal fentanyl and sufentanil for the treatment of chronic pain","volume":"7","author":"Waara-Wolleat","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib9","series-title":"Drugs in anaesthesia and intensive care","first-page":"390","author":"Smith","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199211000-00008","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of intrathecal, epidural and inytravenous Sufentanil for Labour Analgesia","volume":"77","author":"Carmann","year":"1992","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-200009000-00020","article-title":"A\u00a0preliminary investigation of remifentanil as a labor analgesic","volume":"91","author":"Olufolabi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200105000-00062","article-title":"A\u00a0preliminary investigation of remifentanil as a labor analgesic","author":"Dhileepan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200204000-00026","article-title":"Remifentanil in obstetric analgesia: a dose-finding study","volume":"94","author":"Volmanen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesth Analg [Internet]"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/87.3.415","article-title":"Patient-controlled analgesia for labour using remifentanil: a feasibility study","volume":"87","author":"Blair","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e3181acc6fc","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of continuous intravenous administration of remifentanil for birth pain relief: an open study of 205 parturients","volume":"109","author":"D'Onofrio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-012-2459-3","article-title":"Neuraxial analgesia versus intravenous remifentanil for pain relief in early labor in nulliparous women","volume":"286","author":"Ismail","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3182a7cd1b","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized controlled trial of the efficacy and respiratory effects of patient-controlled intravenous remifentanil analgesia and patient-controlled epidural analgesia in laboring women","volume":"118","author":"Stocki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2012.09.003","article-title":"Efficacy and side effects of intravenous remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia used in a stepwise approach for labour: an observational study","volume":"22","author":"Tveit","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-011-9625-0","article-title":"Remifentanil versus fentanyl for intravenous patient-controlled labour analgesia: an observational study","volume":"59","author":"Marwah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib20","article-title":"The pharmacodynamic effect of a remifentanil bolus on ventilatory control","volume":"92","author":"Babenco","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03022956","article-title":"Remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia for labour: optimizing drug delivery regimens","volume":"54","author":"Balki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.12153","article-title":"Remifentanil for labour analgesia, time to draw breath?","volume":"68","author":"Muchatuta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2010.02390.x","article-title":"Timing of intravenous patient-controlled remifentanil bolus during early labour","volume":"55","author":"Volmanen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2008.03.005","article-title":"Controversies in obstetric anaesthesia Remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia should be routinely available for use in labour","volume":"17","author":"Hill","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anaesth"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2011.06790.x","article-title":"A\u00a0double-blind randomised comparison of intravenous patient-controlled remifentanil with intramuscular pethidine for labour analgesia","volume":"66","author":"Ng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.12038","article-title":"Modified patient-controlled remifentanil bolus delivery regimen for labour pain","volume":"68","author":"Jost","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2015.12.004","article-title":"Remifentanil for labor analgesia: an evidence-based narrative review","volume":"25","author":"Van De Velde","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2005.00639.x","article-title":"Comparison of remifentanil and nitrous oxide in labour analgesia","volume":"49","author":"Volmanen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"issue":"87","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib29","article-title":"Comparison of remifentanil: entonox with Entonox alone in labor analgesia","volume":"2","author":"Varposhti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv Biomed Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3182289fe9","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison between remifentanil and meperidine for labor analgesia: a systematic review","volume":"113","author":"Leong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2004.03975.x","article-title":"Patient controlled analgesia for labour: a comparison of remifentanil with pethidine","volume":"60","author":"Blair","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib32","first-page":"635","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized controlled trial of intravenous remifentanil compared with intramuscular meperidine for pain relief in labor","volume":"7","author":"Shahriari","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000143351.64538.BC","article-title":"Remifentanil: a novel systemic analgesic for labor pain","volume":"100","author":"Evron","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aep359","article-title":"Obstetric analgesia: a comparison of patient-controlled meperidine, remifentanil, and fentanyl in labour","volume":"104","author":"Douma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000077","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of remifentanil parturient-controlled intravenous analgesia with epidural analgesia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"118","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112283","article-title":"Intravenous remifentanil versus epidural ropivacaine with sufentanil for labour analgesia: a retrospective study","volume":"9","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"February","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"h846","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h846","article-title":"Patient controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus epidural analgesia in labour: randomised multicentre equivalence trial","volume":"350","author":"Freeman","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2016.04.001","article-title":"Remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia for labour: learning points from a registry","volume":"27","author":"Melber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1054\/ijoa.2000.0831","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of pethidine and remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia in labours","volume":"10","author":"Volikas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anaesth"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aei219","article-title":"Maternal and neonatal side-effects of remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia in labour","volume":"95","author":"Volikas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2015.06.003","article-title":"Differences in maternal temperature during labour with remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia or epidural analgesia: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"24","author":"Douma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181c03e0c","article-title":"Systemic remifentanil for labor analgesia","volume":"109","author":"Hinova","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13329","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective observational study of maternal oxygenation during remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia use in labour","volume":"71","author":"Messmer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.12098","article-title":"Remifentanil for labour analgesia: a double-blinded, randomised controlled trial of maternal and neonatal effects of patient-controlled analgesia versus continuous infusion","volume":"68","author":"Shen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2011.06997.x","article-title":"Respiratory arrest in an obstetric patient using remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia","volume":"67","author":"Bonner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.12099","article-title":"Cardiac arrest in an obstetric patient using remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia","volume":"68","author":"Marr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-5-412","article-title":"Emergency bedside cesarean delivery: lessons learned in teamwork and patient safety","volume":"5","author":"Kinney","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2012.07273.x","article-title":"Respiratory arrest with remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia - another case","volume":"67","author":"Pruefer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.11.007","article-title":"Novel vital signs-controlled, patient-assisted intravenous analgesia using remifentanil for labour and delivery","volume":"23","author":"Sia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(79)90241-7","article-title":"Influence of opioids on central thermoregulatory mechanisms","volume":"10","author":"Clark","year":"1979","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001195","article-title":"Inflammation and epidural-related maternal fever: proposed mechanisms","volume":"122","author":"Sultan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-007-0589-8","article-title":"The effects of remifentanil or acetaminophen with epidural ropivacaine on body temperature during labor","volume":"22","author":"Evron","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Anesth"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1997.214-az0349.x","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of the effects of tramadol and morphine on gastric emptying in man","volume":"52","author":"Murphy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib54","first-page":"1","article-title":"Labour analgesia when epidural is not a choice: tramadol versus pentazocine","volume":"2014","author":"Shetty","year":"2014","journal-title":"ISRN Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.18650\/2374-4448.21002","article-title":"Tamadol injection versus epidural analgesia in controlling labor pain","volume":"2","author":"Saleh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Enliven J Anesthesiol Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.4103\/0259-1162.108293","article-title":"A\u00a0thought for tramadol hydrochloride as labor analgesic","volume":"6","author":"Kushtagi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anesth Essays Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.08.008","article-title":"Comparison of analgesic efficacy of paracetamol and tramadol for pain relief in active labor","volume":"27","author":"Kaur Makkar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Anesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(93)90260-J","article-title":"Tramadol in labour pain in primiparous patients. A prospective comparative clinical trial","volume":"49","author":"Viegas","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib59","first-page":"1752","article-title":"Patient controlled intravenous analgesia with tramadol for labor pain relief","volume":"116","author":"Long","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chin Med J Engl"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1987.tb05313.x","article-title":"Nalbuphine for obstetric analgesia","volume":"42","author":"Frank","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1986.tb13005.x","article-title":"A\u00a0double-blind comparison of intramuscular pethidine and nalbuphine in labour","volume":"41","author":"Wilson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00164-M","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of meperidine and nalbuphine on intrapartum fetal heart rate tracings","volume":"86","author":"Giannina","year":"1995","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib63","first-page":"449","article-title":"ACOG Committee Opinion No. 376: nalbuphine hydrochloride use for intrapartum analgesia","volume":"110","author":"Committee on Obstetric Practice AC of O and G","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib64","series-title":"Chestnut's obstetric anesthesia: principles and practice","first-page":"626","article-title":"Systemic analgesia: parenteral and inhalational agents","author":"Wakefield","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2007.01.010","article-title":"Intravenous patient-controlled analgesia for labour: a survey of UK practice","volume":"16","author":"Saravanakumar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anaesthesiatric Anaesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1624\/105812406X119039","article-title":"Breastfeeding problems following anesthetic administration","volume":"15","author":"Howie","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Perinat Educ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet153","article-title":"Opioids and immune modulation: more questions than answers","volume":"111","author":"Al-Hashimi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002_bib68","article-title":"Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour","volume":"9","author":"Ullman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"}],"container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Anaesthesiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521689617300101?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521689617300101?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T07:20:28Z","timestamp":1776410428000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521689617300101"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521689617300101"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1753-3740"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1753-3740","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Parenteral opioid analgesia: Does it still have a role?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpa.2017.02.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}