{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T01:05:29Z","timestamp":1793235929609,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Anaesthesiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]],"date-time":"2019-07-17T19:52:50Z","timestamp":1563393170000},"page":"387-406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Regional anesthesia considerations for cardiac surgery"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Henry","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick I.","family":"Emelife","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Prabhakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Moll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia B.","family":"Kendrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan T.","family":"Parr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8255-9358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farees","family":"Hyatali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3546-174X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thakur","family":"Pankaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinlei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elyse M.","family":"Cornett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard D.","family":"Urman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles J.","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan D.","family":"Kaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib1","series-title":"Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)","author":"WHO","year":"2018"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib2","first-page":"e38","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142016 update [Internet]","volume":"133","author":"Mozaffarian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib3","series-title":"Older Americans month","author":"US Census Bureau","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.10.035","article-title":"The society of thoracic surgeons adult cardiac surgery database: 2018 update on outcomes and quality","volume":"105","author":"D'Agostino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.4103\/aca.ACA_56_18","article-title":"Regional analgesia in cardiothoracic surgery: a changing paradigm toward opioid-free anesthesia?","volume":"21","author":"Chakravarthy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Card Anaesth"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2760","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2018.01.045","article-title":"Enhanced recovery for cardiac surgery","volume":"32","author":"Noss","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib7","first-page":"557","article-title":"Factors contributing to success or failure in the use of a pump oxygenator for complete by-pass of the heart and lung, experimental and clinical","volume":"36","author":"Clowes","year":"1954","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000183650.16038.f6","article-title":"Intrathecal and epidural anesthesia and analgesia for cardiac surgery","volume":"102","author":"Chaney","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03020660","article-title":"Anaesthesia for coronary artery bypass surgery supplemented with subarachnoid bupivacaine and morphine: a report of 18 cases","volume":"41","author":"Kowalewski","year":"1994","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2009.09.015","article-title":"Epidural analgesia improves outcome in cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"24","author":"Bignami","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-0770(97)90195-6","article-title":"Benefits of neuraxial anesthesia in patients undergoing cardiac surgery","volume":"11","author":"Chaney","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.2.551","article-title":"Neuraxial blockade and hematoma in cardiac surgery: estimating the risk of a rare adverse event that has not (yet) occurred","volume":"117","author":"Ho","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-9784.114237","article-title":"Epidural catheterization in cardiac surgery: the 2012 risk assessment","volume":"16","author":"Hemmerling","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Card Anaesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib14","first-page":"64","article-title":"Regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy: American society of regional anesthesia and pain medicine evidence-based guidelines (Third Edition)","volume":"35","author":"Horlocker","year":"2010"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000763","article-title":"Regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy: American society of regional anesthesia and pain medicine evidence-based guidelines (Fourth Edition)","volume":"43","author":"Horlocker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200302000-00032","article-title":"High spinal anesthesia for cardiac surgery: effects on beta-adrenergic receptor function, stress response, and hemodynamics","volume":"98","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib17","first-page":"25","article-title":"Neuraxial anesthesia for cardiac surgery: thoracic epidural and high spinal anesthesia - why is it different?","volume":"3","author":"Kowalewski","year":"2011","journal-title":"HSR Proc Intensive Care Cardiovasc Anesth"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2017.10.003","article-title":"Paravertebral block for thoracic surgery","volume":"32","author":"D'Ercole","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib19","article-title":"Bilateral paravertebral block versus thoracic epidural analgesia for pain control post-cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial","author":"El Shora","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezw168","article-title":"Continuous paravertebral block for post-cardiothoracic surgery analgesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Continuous paravertebral block for post-cardiothoracic surgery analgesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Scarfe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e3182176f42","article-title":"Comparison of continuous thoracic epidural with paravertebral block on perioperative analgesia and hemodynamic stability in patients having open lung surgery","volume":"36","author":"Pintaric","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2011.06838.x","article-title":"The \u201cpecs block\u201d: a novel technique for providing analgesia after breast surgery","volume":"66","author":"Blanco","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redar.2012.07.003","article-title":"Ultrasound description of Pecs II (modified Pecs I): a novel approach to breast surgery","volume":"59","author":"Blanco","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.4103\/aca.ACA_15_18","article-title":"Efficacy of bilateral pectoralis nerve block for ultrafast tracking and postoperative pain management in cardiac surgery","volume":"21","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Card Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-3-409","article-title":"Pectoral nerves (PECS) and intercostal nerve block for cardiac resynchronization therapy device implantation","volume":"3","author":"Fujiwara","year":"2014","journal-title":"SpringerPlus"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000661","article-title":"Pectoral fascial (PECS) I and II blocks as rescue analgesia in a patient undergoing minimally invasive cardiac surgery","volume":"42","author":"Yalamuri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.12344","article-title":"Serratus plane block: a novel ultrasound-guided thoracic wall nerve block","volume":"68","author":"Blanco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2016.08.023","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided serratus anterior plane block versus thoracic epidural analgesia for thoracotomy pain","volume":"31","author":"Khalil","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2016.04.003","article-title":"Pectoralis-serratus interfascial plane block vs thoracic paravertebral block for unilateral radical mastectomy with axillary evacuation","volume":"34","author":"Hetta","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Anesth"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2570","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2018.04.043","article-title":"Association of serratus anterior plane block for minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery with higher opioid consumption: a retrospective observational study","volume":"32","author":"Moll","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2018.08.209","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy of ultrasound-guided serratus anterior plane block, pectoral nerves II block, and intercostal nerve block for the management of postoperative thoracotomy pain after pediatric cardiac surgery","volume":"33","author":"Kaushal","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000451","article-title":"The erector spinae plane block: a novel analgesic technique in thoracic neuropathic pain","volume":"41","author":"Forero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib33","first-page":"756","article-title":"Erector spinae plane block versus retrolaminar block: a magnetic resonance imaging and anatomical study","volume":"43","author":"Adhikary","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14348","article-title":"Paravertebral by proxy \u2013 time to redefine the paravertebral block [Internet]","volume":"73","author":"Costache","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2018.05.050","article-title":"Bilateral erector spinae plane block for acute post-surgical pain in adult cardiac surgical patients: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"33","author":"Krishna","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.4103\/aca.ACA_16_18","article-title":"Comparison of continuous thoracic epidural analgesia with bilateral erector spinae plane block for perioperative pain management in cardiac surgery","volume":"21","author":"Nagaraja","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Card Anaesth"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2017.12.020","article-title":"Continuous erector spinae plane (ESP) block for postoperative analgesia after minimally invasive mitral valve surgery","volume":"32","author":"Leyva","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2018.02.001","article-title":"Transapical transcatheter aortic valve implantation performed with an erector spinae plane block","volume":"46","author":"Ueshima","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Anesth"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X1604400502","article-title":"Local anaesthetic toxicity after bilateral thoracic paravertebral block in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery","volume":"44","author":"Ho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2017.08.006","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided pectoral nerves (PECS) block: complications observed in 498 consecutive cases","volume":"42","author":"Ueshima","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Anesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000163","article-title":"Pectoral nerves I and II blocks in multimodal analgesia for breast cancer surgery: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"40","author":"Bashandy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-018-0614-5","article-title":"Serratus anterior plane block for minimal invasive heart surgery","volume":"18","author":"Berthoud","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.5152\/eurasianjmed.2018.18147","article-title":"Erector spinae plane block catheter insertion under ultrasound guidance for thoracic surgery : case series of three patients","volume":"50","author":"Ince","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eurasian J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200109000-00033","article-title":"Thoracic paravertebral block","volume":"95","author":"Karmakar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.2.391","article-title":"Pain location, distribution, and intensity after cardiac surgery","volume":"118","author":"Mueller","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezy100","article-title":"Enhanced recovery after surgery pathway for patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"54","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2019.1153","article-title":"Guidelines for perioperative care in cardiac surgery","author":"Engelman","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200310000-00026","article-title":"Use of a continuous local anesthetic infusion for pain management after median sternotomy","volume":"99","author":"White","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"52","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib49","article-title":"Multimodal analgesia versus traditional opiate based analgesia after cardiac surgery, a randomized controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Rafiq","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib50","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: an under-recognized public health issue","volume":"9","author":"Varga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"9522","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68700-X","article-title":"Persistent postsurgical pain: risk factors and prevention","volume":"367","author":"Kehlet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2017.03.056","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided transversus thoracic muscle plane block: complication in 299 consecutive cases","volume":"41","author":"Ueshima","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Anesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000139652.84897.BD","article-title":"Parasternal block and local anesthetic infiltration with levobupivacaine after cardiac surgery with desflurane: the effect on postoperative pain, pulmonary function, and tracheal extubation times","volume":"100","author":"McDonald","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anesth Analgesia"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1249","article-title":"Ultrasound Guided Transversus Thoracic Plane block, Parasternal block and fascial planes hydrodissection for internal mammary post thoracotomy pain syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Piraccini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000464","article-title":"Parasternal, pecto-intercostal, pecs, and transverse thoracic muscle plane blocks: a rose by any other name would smell as sweet","volume":"41","author":"del Buono","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib56","series-title":"Anatomy, angle of Louis. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL)","author":"Ball","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib57","series-title":"Atlas of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia","first-page":"244","article-title":"Transversus thoracis muscular plane block","author":"Gray","year":"2019"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2006.09.003","article-title":"Parasternal intercostal block with ropivacaine for pain management after cardiac surgery: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Barr","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.10.012","article-title":"Parasternal intercostal block with ropivacaine for postoperative analgesia in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a double-blind, randomized, controlled study","volume":"26","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib60","article-title":"A\u00a0review of current analgesic techniques in cardiac surgery. Is epidural worth it?","volume":"6","author":"Ziyaeifard","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Thorac Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aew223","article-title":"Efficacy of pectoral nerve block versus thoracic paravertebral block for postoperative analgesia after radical mastectomy: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"117","author":"Kulhari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2017.09.019","article-title":"Successful use of serratus and transversus thoracic plane blocks for subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement","volume":"32","author":"Bhatt","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000374","article-title":"Transverse thoracic muscle plane block: tricks and tips to accomplish the block","volume":"41","author":"Murata","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2018.09.017","article-title":"Regional techniques for cardiac and cardiac-related procedures","volume":"33","author":"Mittnacht","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib65","first-page":"476","article-title":"Similarities between parasternal intercostal nerve block and subpectoral interfascial plane block","volume":"31","author":"Ueshima","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anesth"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib66","first-page":"916","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided parasternal intercostal nerve block","volume":"30","author":"Ohgoshi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib67","series-title":"Intercostal nerve block","author":"Baxter","year":"2019"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2018-100178","article-title":"Transversus thoracis muscle plane block in cardiac surgery: a pilot feasibility study","volume":"44","author":"Fujii","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aew449","article-title":"Addition of transversus thoracic muscle plane block to pectoral nerves block provides more effective perioperative pain relief than pectoral nerves block alone for breast cancer surgery","volume":"118","author":"Ueshima","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2016.12.013","article-title":"Continuous transversus thoracic muscle plane block is effective for the median sternotomy","volume":"37","author":"Ueshima","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Anesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1177\/108925320500900109","article-title":"Regional anesthesia in cardiac surgery: a friend or a foe?","volume":"9","author":"Djaiani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib72","first-page":"148","article-title":"High thoracic epidural anesthesia in cardiac surgery: risk factors for arterial hypotension","volume":"33","author":"Casalino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tex Heart Inst J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318201d300","article-title":"Meta-analysis of thoracic epidural anesthesia versus general anesthesia for cardiac surgery","volume":"114","author":"Svircevic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-9784.105367","article-title":"Anesthesia for off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery","volume":"16","author":"Hemmerling","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Card Anaesth"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.09.002","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000}}],"container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Anaesthesiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521689619300527?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521689619300527?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T07:49:36Z","timestamp":1776412176000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521689619300527"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521689619300527"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1753-3740"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1753-3740","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Regional anesthesia considerations for cardiac surgery","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.07.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}