{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:52:50Z","timestamp":1787237570179,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]],"date-time":"2020-04-24T02:40:17Z","timestamp":1587696017000},"page":"199-212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Preoperative frailty assessment combined with prehabilitation and nutrition strategies: Emerging concepts and clinical outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Karina","family":"Gritsenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Helander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P.K.","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chikezie N.","family":"Okeagu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farees","family":"Hyatali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan S.","family":"Renschler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fallon","family":"Anzalone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elyse M.","family":"Cornett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard D.","family":"Urman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan D.","family":"Kaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib1","article-title":"Public health and aging: trends in aging --- United States and worldwide","volume":"101\u20136","author":"Control C for","year":"2003","journal-title":"MMWR Wkly"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib2","first-page":"157","article-title":"Preoperative frailty assessment: a review","volume":"67","author":"Bissot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Belg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib3","first-page":"63","article-title":"The perioperative care of older patients-time for a new, interdisciplinary approach","volume":"116","author":"Olotu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.01.014","article-title":"Preoperative frailty evaluation: a promising risk-stratification tool in older adults undergoing general surgery","volume":"41","author":"Ko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Therapeut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib5","first-page":"82","article-title":"Frailty predicts increased costs in emergent general surgery patients: a prospective cohort cost analysis","volume":"166","author":"Eamer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surg (United States)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1503\/cjs.001417","article-title":"Is current preoperative frailty assessment adequate?","volume":"60","author":"Eamer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/AIA.0000000000000239","article-title":"Screening and diagnosing frailty in the cardiac and noncardiac surgical patient to improve safety and outcomes","volume":"57","author":"Acosta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Anesthesiol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2019.04.001","article-title":"The growing challenge of the older surgical population","volume":"37","author":"Jablonski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2018.02.011","article-title":"Recommendations for preoperative management of frailty from the society for perioperative assessment and quality improvement (SPAQI)","volume":"47","author":"Alvarez-Nebreda","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-0652","article-title":"Preoperative frailty assessment and outcomes at 6 months or later in older adults undergoing cardiac surgical procedures: a systematic review","volume":"165","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.4103\/joacp.JOACP_47_18","article-title":"Perioperative surgical home models and enhanced recovery after surgery","volume":"35","author":"Elhassan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.4103\/joacp.JOACP_35_18","article-title":"Enhanced recovery pathways in orthopedic surgery","volume":"35","author":"Kaye","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.4103\/joacp.JOACP_26_18","article-title":"Goal-directed fluid therapy in the perioperative setting","volume":"35","author":"Kendrick","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-018-4753-0","article-title":"The reporting on ERAS compliance, outcomes, and elements research (RECOvER) checklist: a joint statement by the ERAS\u00ae and ERAS\u00ae USA societies","volume":"43","author":"Elias","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2015.10.012","article-title":"Preoperative nutrition and prehabilitation","volume":"34","author":"Gupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14764","article-title":"Association between preoperative malnutrition and postoperative delirium after hip fracture surgery in older adults","volume":"65","author":"Mazzola","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-015-0278-x","article-title":"Impact of malnutrition on postoperative delirium development after on pump coronary artery bypass grafting","volume":"10","author":"Ringaitiene","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2014.10.019","article-title":"Postoperative delirium in older adults: best practice statement from the American geriatrics society","volume":"220","author":"Inouye","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.05.024","article-title":"ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition and hydration in geriatrics","volume":"38","author":"Volkert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-012-1886-4","article-title":"Effect of preoperative exercise on cardiorespiratory function and recovery after surgery: a systematic review","volume":"37","author":"Lemanu","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.08.016","article-title":"Using the 6-minute walk test to predict disability-free survival after major surgery","volume":"122","author":"Shulman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-018-0743-4","article-title":"Identifying frailty in primary care: a qualitative description of family physicians' gestalt impressions of their older adult patients","author":"Korenvain","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib23","article-title":"Approach to frailty in the elderly in primary care and the community","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-019-0880-x","article-title":"Routine frailty assessment predicts postoperative complications in elderly patients across surgical disciplines - a retrospective observational study","author":"Birkelbach","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.15633","article-title":"Frailty in the older person undergoing elective surgery: a trigger for enhanced multidisciplinary management \u2013 a narrative review","author":"Subramaniam","year":"2020","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2018.02.016","article-title":"Comprehensive geriatric assessment: benefits and limitations","author":"Palmer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14512","article-title":"Peri-operative optimisation of elderly and frail patients: a narrative review","author":"Chan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002743","article-title":"American Society for Enhanced recovery and perioperative quality initiative joint consensus statement on nutrition screening and therapy within a surgical enhanced recovery pathway","author":"Wischmeyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib29","first-page":"303","article-title":"Cognitive self-assessment scales in surgical settings: acceptability and feasibility","volume":"32","author":"Stoicea","year":"2018","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2020.109724","article-title":"Rapid in-person cognitive screening in the preoperative setting: test considerations and recommendations from the society for perioperative assessment and quality improvement (SPAQI)","volume":"62","author":"Arias","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.01.024","article-title":"Cognitive impairment and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review","volume":"56","author":"Viramontes","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1213\/XAA.0000000000000891","article-title":"Implementation of routine cognitive screening in the preoperative assessment clinic","volume":"12","author":"Sherman","year":"2019","journal-title":"A&A Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2015.12.020","article-title":"Inclusion of sarcopenia outperforms the modified frailty index in predicting 1-year mortality among 1,326 patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery for a malignant indication","author":"Buettner","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.19391","article-title":"Anesthetic management of geriatric patients","volume":"73","author":"Lim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2012.06.017","article-title":"Optimal preoperative assessment of the geriatric surgical patient: a best practices guideline from the American college of surgeons national surgical quality improvement program and the American geriatrics society","volume":"215","author":"Chow","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9236(03)00152-8","article-title":"Side effects of opioids during short-term administration: effect of age, gender, and race","author":"Cepeda","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib37","article-title":"The effects of early femoral nerve block intervention on preoperative pain management and incidence of postoperative delirium geriatric patients undergoing trochanteric femur fracture surgery: a randomized controlled trial","author":"Uysal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ulus Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Derg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.19.01148","article-title":"Time to block","author":"Garlich","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Jt Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib39","article-title":"Perioperative continuous femoral nerve block reduces postoperative cognitive dysfunction of high-risk patients with femoral neck fracture: evidence from a retrospective propensity-matched study","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2019.5474","article-title":"Effect of multimodal prehabilitation vs postoperative rehabilitation on 30-day postoperative complications for frail patients undergoing resection of colorectal cancer: a randomized clinical trial","author":"Carli","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib41","article-title":"The concept of prehabilitation: what the surgeon needs to know?","author":"Le Roy","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Visc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib42","series-title":"Effect of total-body prehabilitation on postoperative outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Santa Mina","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2014.11.002","article-title":"Prehabilitation to enhance perioperative care","author":"Carli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5455\/medarh.2018.72.439-443","article-title":"The effect of prehabilitation on postoperative outcome in patients following primary total knee arthroplasty","author":"Jahic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Arch"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-009857","article-title":"Does preoperative rehabilitation for patients planning to undergo joint replacement surgery improve outcomes? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.6805","article-title":"Nutritional risk is a clinical predictor of postoperative mortality and morbidity in surgery for colorectal cancer","author":"Schwegler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533613517006","article-title":"Nutrition optimization prior to surgery","author":"Evans","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2009.04.002","article-title":"ESPEN guidelines on parenteral nutrition: surgery","author":"Braga","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2010.09.010","article-title":"The impact of psychological stress on wound healing: methods and mechanisms","author":"Gouin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunol Allergy Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(01)00258-6","article-title":"Anxiety and surgical recovery: reinterpreting the literature","author":"Munaf\u00f2","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychosom Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008646.pub2","article-title":"Psychological preparation and postoperative outcomes for adults undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia","author":"Powell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-023190","article-title":"A\u00a0randomised controlled trial to assess whether prehabilitation improves fitness in patients undergoing neoadjuvant treatment prior to oesophagogastric cancer surgery: study protocol","author":"Allen","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-018-5232-6","article-title":"Multimodal prehabilitation in colorectal cancer patients to improve functional capacity and reduce postoperative complications: the first international randomized controlled trial for multimodal prehabilitation","author":"Van Rooijen","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Canc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5020608","article-title":"Enteral and parenteral nutrition in the perioperative period: state of the art","volume":"5","author":"Abunnaja","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib56","first-page":"177","article-title":"Clinical nutrition and drug interactions","volume":"29","author":"Ekincio\u011flu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ulus Cerrahi Derg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1748","article-title":"Hyperglycemia during total parenteral nutrition: an important marker of poor outcome and mortality in hospitalized patients","volume":"33","author":"Pasquel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-012-0335-y","article-title":"Management of hyperglycemia during enteral and parenteral nutrition therapy","volume":"13","author":"Gosmanov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2009.24","article-title":"Delirium in elderly adults: diagnosis, prevention and treatment","volume":"5","author":"Fong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-189004","article-title":"Recommendations for the nomenclature of cognitive change associated with anaesthesia and surgery-20181","volume":"66","author":"Evered","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.d.18.00073.1","article-title":"Postoperative delirium","volume":"72","author":"Oh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3182147f6d","article-title":"Postoperative Delirium: acute change with long-term implications","volume":"112","author":"Rudolph","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000000594","article-title":"European Society of Anaesthesiology evidence-based and consensus-based guideline on postoperative delirium","volume":"34","author":"Aldecoa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2015.12.026","article-title":"Optimal perioperative management of the geriatric patient: a best practices guideline from the American college of surgeons NSQIP and the American geriatrics society","volume":"222","author":"Mohanty","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-018-0180-7","article-title":"Development of a reconditioning program for elderly abdominal surgery patients: the Elder-friendly Approaches to the Surgical Environment-BEdside reconditioning for Functional ImprovemenTs (EASE-BE FIT) pilot study","volume":"13","author":"McComb","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000062","article-title":"Merits of exercise therapy before and after major surgery","volume":"27","author":"Hoogeboom","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib73","series-title":"Preoperative physical therapy for elective cardiac surgery patients. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.","author":"Hulzebos","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0b013e32835e8b34","article-title":"Perioperative physiotherapy","volume":"26","author":"Patel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-37","article-title":"Peri-operative interventions producing better functional outcomes and enhanced recovery following total hip and knee arthroplasty: an evidence-based review","volume":"11","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.166.1.at1102","article-title":"ATS statement: guidelines for the six-minute walk test","volume":"166","author":"Crapo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib77","first-page":"6","article-title":"Venous thrombotic, thromboembolic, and mechanical complication safterretrievable inferior vena cava filters for major trauma","volume":"99","author":"Km","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000000904","article-title":"Six-minute walk test in pre-operative evaluation of patients for upper abdominal surgery","volume":"36","author":"Miccich\u00e8","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1177\/1753465815615509","article-title":"Value of preoperative 6-minute walk test for predicting postoperative pulmonary complications","volume":"10","author":"Keeratichananont","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ther Adv Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-016-3766-9","article-title":"Enhanced recovery program in high-risk patients undergoing colorectal surgery: results from the PeriOperative Italian society registry","volume":"41","author":"Braga","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-018-0905-1","article-title":"Enhanced recovery after surgery\u2014ERAS\u2014principles, practice and feasibility in the elderly","volume":"30","author":"Ljungqvist","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"}],"container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521689620300264?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521689620300264?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T07:50:45Z","timestamp":1776412245000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521689620300264"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521689620300264"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1753-3740"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1753-3740","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Preoperative frailty assessment combined with prehabilitation and nutrition strategies: Emerging concepts and clinical outcomes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}