{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T12:05:55Z","timestamp":1776427555471,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,7]],"date-time":"2020-08-07T21:11:11Z","timestamp":1596834671000},"page":"517-528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["An evidence-based review of neuromodulation for the treatment and management of refractory angina"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Ivan","family":"Urits","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anjana","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Leider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Anya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Franscioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jai Won","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hisham","family":"Kassem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan D.","family":"Kaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Viswanath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248416679733","article-title":"Angina and its management","volume":"22","author":"Kloner","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3097","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3182776f83","article-title":"2012 ACCF\/AHA\/ACP\/AATS\/PCNA\/SCAI\/STS guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart disease","volume":"126","author":"Fihn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.03.008","article-title":"Pharmacological approaches of refractory angina","volume":"163","author":"Giannopoulos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol Therapeut"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-157-10-201211200-00010","article-title":"Stable ischemic heart disease | (ACP) diagnosis | guideline | summary","volume":"157","author":"Qaseem","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01716-3","article-title":"Refractory angina pectoris: mechanism and therapeutic options","volume":"39","author":"Kim","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2001.2706","article-title":"The problem of chronic refractory angina: report from the ESC Joint Study Group on the treatment of refractory angina [Internet]","volume":"23","author":"Mannheimer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-011-0238-7","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation: a review [internet]. Vol. 16, current pain and headache reports","author":"Compton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib8","first-page":"150","volume":"vol. 2","author":"Linderoth","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1336","article-title":"Mechanisms of spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of pain: still in the dark after 50 years","volume":"23","author":"Jensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(98)00169-9","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation attenuates dorsal horn neuronal hyperexcitability in a rat model of mononeuropathy","volume":"79","author":"Yakhnitsa","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"SUPPL. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2006.00119.x","article-title":"Mechanisms of spinal cord stimulation in painful syndromes: role of animal models","volume":"7","author":"Linderoth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1403.2002._2005.x","article-title":"Which neuronal elements are activated directly by spinal cord stimulation","volume":"5","author":"Holsheimer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-9419-5_26","article-title":"Significance of the spinal cord position in spinal cord stimulation","volume":"64","author":"Holsheimer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22599","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective study of patients with refractory angina: outcomes and the role of high-sensitivity troponin T","volume":"40","author":"Poppi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.10.067","article-title":"Long-term safety of a novel antianginal agent in patients with severe chronic stable Angina. The ranolazine open label experience (ROLE)","volume":"49","author":"Koren","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib16","article-title":"Prevalence of refractory angina in clinical practice","volume":"72","author":"Henrique","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.09.538","article-title":"Fatality, morbidity and quality of life in patients with refractory angina pectoris","volume":"147","author":"Andr\u00e9ll","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.06.019","article-title":"Comprehensive cardiovascular risk factor control improves survival: the BARI 2D trial","volume":"66","author":"Bittner","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1502240","article-title":"Chronic stable angina","volume":"374","author":"Ohman","year":"2016","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib20","first-page":"302","article-title":"Chronic cardiac chest pain","volume":"12","author":"Fritz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cont Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmi078","article-title":"Health status and health care utilisation of patients in complementary and conventional primary care in Switzerland\u2014an observational study","volume":"23","author":"Busato","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyr199","article-title":"Cohort profile: the health survey for England","author":"Mindell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm.2011.17.2.110","article-title":"Noncardiac chest pain: epidemiology, natural course and pathogenesis","volume":"17","author":"Fass","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurogastroent Motility"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-118-2-199301150-00001","article-title":"Value of the history and physical in identifying patients at increased risk for coronary artery disease","volume":"118","author":"Pryor","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2017.1303483","article-title":"Advancements in pharmacotherapy for angina","volume":"18","author":"Jain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib26","series-title":"Stable coronary artery disease: treatment","author":"Braun","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1253\/jcj.63.73","article-title":"Effect of long-term exercise training on regional myocardial perfusion changes in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"63","author":"Linxue","year":"1999","journal-title":"Jpn Circ J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1159\/000339224","article-title":"Cardiac rehabilitation to improve physical functioning in refractory angina: a pilot study","volume":"122","author":"Asbury","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht513","article-title":"Coronary microvascular dysfunction: an update","volume":"35","author":"Crea","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199610033351401","article-title":"The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels","volume":"335","author":"Sacks","year":"1996","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib31","first-page":"220","article-title":"Treatment of refractory angina","volume":"9","author":"Grise","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ochsner J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.7.787","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with coronary artery disease and absence of heart failure or left ventricular systolic dysfunction: an overview of long-term randomized controlled trials","volume":"166","author":"Danchin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.110.231340","article-title":"Compartmentalization of \u03b2-adrenergic signals in cardiomyocytes","volume":"109","author":"Xiang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.2147\/VHRM.S11100","article-title":"Recent advances in the management of chronic stable angina II. Anti-ischemic therapy, options for refractory angina, risk factor reduction, and revascularization","volume":"6","author":"Kones","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vasc Health Risk Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib35","series-title":"Expert review of cardiovascular therapy","first-page":"881","article-title":"Refractory angina: new drugs on the block","volume":"14","author":"Giannopoulos","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib36","first-page":"6","volume":"vol. 92","author":"Belardinelli","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.7.3.259","article-title":"Evolving treatment strategies for chronic refractory angina","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.10.149","article-title":"The efficacy of trimetazidine on stable angina pectoris: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"177","author":"Peng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2017.10.002","article-title":"Non-PCI\/CABG therapies for refractory angina","volume":"28","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.308056","article-title":"Impact of cell therapy on myocardial perfusion and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with angina refractory to medical therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"118","author":"Khan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5648690","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5648690","article-title":"Cell therapy for refractory angina: a reappraisal","volume":"2017","author":"Bassetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.115.002740","article-title":"Repeated intramyocardial bone marrow cell injection in previously responding patients with refractory angina again improves myocardial perfusion, anginal complaints, and quality of life","volume":"8","author":"Mann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.09.061","article-title":"First-in-Human use of coronary sinus reducer in patients with refractory angina","volume":"72","author":"Parikh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1402556","article-title":"Efficacy of a device to narrow the coronary sinus in refractory angina","volume":"372","author":"Verheye","year":"2015","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz425","article-title":"ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes: the Task Force for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"41","author":"Knuuti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2015-308564","article-title":"Alternative interventions for refractory angina","volume":"103","author":"Sainsbury","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00140-0","article-title":"The multicenter study of enhanced external counterpulsation (MUST-EECP): effect of EECP on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia and anginal episodes","volume":"33","author":"Arora","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib48","article-title":"Enhanced external counterpulsation for chronic angina pectoris","author":"Amin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib49","series-title":"A\u00a0report of the American College of cardiology\/American heart association task force on practice guidelines, an","first-page":"1749","article-title":"ACC\/AHA\/AATS\/PCNA\/SCAI\/STS focused update of the guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart disease","volume":"130","author":"Fihn","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2017.09.018","article-title":"Extracorporeal myocardial shockwave therapy; a precious blast for refractory angina patients","volume":"19","author":"Slavich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Revascularization Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.14054","article-title":"Cardiac shock wave therapy improves myocardial perfusion and preserves left ventricular mechanics in patients with refractory angina: a study with speckle tracking echocardiography","volume":"35","author":"Duque","year":"2018","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib52","series-title":"Transmyocardial laser revascularization versus medical therapy for refractory angina","volume":"2015","author":"Briones","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib53","series-title":"Spinal cord stimulation for refractory angina pectoris","first-page":"543","volume":"33","author":"Pan","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(87)90070-4","article-title":"Dorsal column stimulation for pain relief from intractable angina pectoris","volume":"28","author":"Murphy","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.10.105","article-title":"Efficacy of spinal cord stimulation as an adjunct therapy for chronic refractory angina pectoris","volume":"227","author":"Imran","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(00)00095-X","article-title":"Modulation of intrinsic cardiac neurons by spinal cord stimulation: implications for its therapeutic use in angina pectoris","volume":"47","author":"Foreman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.82.1.82","article-title":"Clinical outcome of patients treated with spinal cord stimulation for therapeutically refractory angina pectoris","volume":"82","author":"TenVaarwerk","year":"1999","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeu276","article-title":"Effect of spinal cord stimulation on myocardial perfusion reserve in patients with refractory angina pectoris | European Heart Journal - cardiovascular Imaging | Oxford Academic","volume":"16","author":"Saraste","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Hear J Cardiovasc Imag"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90661-0","article-title":"Efficacy of spinal cord stimulation as adjuvant therapy for intractable angina pectoris: a prospective, randomized clinical study","volume":"23","author":"de Jongste","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.08.044","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of refractory angina pectoris: a multicenter randomized single-blind study (the SCS-ITA trial)","volume":"152","author":"Lanza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2012.00452.x","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation therapy for patients with refractory angina who are not candidates for revascularization","volume":"15","author":"Zipes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuromodulation Technol Neural Interf"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi827","article-title":"Percutaneous laser revascularisation for refractory angina pectoris","volume":"27","author":"McNab","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.82.1.89","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation significantly decreases the need for acute hospital admission for chest pain in patients with refractory angina pectoris","volume":"82","author":"Murray","year":"1999","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.12.1157","article-title":"Electrical stimulation versus coronary artery bypass surgery in severe angina pectoris: the ESBY study","volume":"97","author":"Mannheimer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060589","article-title":"Spinal electrical stimulation for intractable angina\u2014long-term clinical outcome and safety","volume":"15","author":"Sanderson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/00019501-200402000-00005","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation for refractory angina pectoris: a retrospective analysis of efficacy and cost-benefit","volume":"15","author":"Yu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Coron Artery Dis"}],"container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521689620300744?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521689620300744?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T11:29:06Z","timestamp":1776425346000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521689620300744"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521689620300744"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1753-3740"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1753-3740","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An evidence-based review of neuromodulation for the treatment and management of refractory angina","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.08.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}