{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T21:59:57Z","timestamp":1784930397486,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Anaesthesiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T02:28:20Z","timestamp":1728872900000},"page":"168-175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Initiation and maintenance of neuraxial labour analgesia: A narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Marie-Camille","family":"Vanderheeren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Van de Velde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Roofthooft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000935","article-title":"Practice guidelines for obstetric anesthesia","volume":"124","author":"Apfelbaum","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anesthesio"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003103","article-title":"Variations in use of childbirth interventions in 13 high-income countries: a multinational cross-sectional study","volume":"17","author":"Seijmonsbergen-Schermers","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-019-0735-4","article-title":"Women's experiences of pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain relief methods for labour and childbirth: a qualitative systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Thomson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9185.202184","article-title":"Localization of epidural space: a review of available technologies","volume":"33","author":"Elsharkawy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib6","article-title":"Combined spinal-epidural versus epidural analgesia in labour","author":"Simmons","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000101980.34587.66","article-title":"Intrathecal sufentanil and fetal heart rate abnormalities: a double-blind, double placebo-controlled trial comparing two forms of combined spinal epidural analgesia with epidural analgesia in labor","volume":"98","author":"Van de Velde","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.12456","article-title":"Meta\u2010analysis of the success of block following combined spinal\u2010epidural vs epidural analgesia during labour","volume":"69","author":"Heesen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001798","article-title":"Dural puncture epidural technique improves labor analgesia quality with fewer side effects compared with epidural and combined spinal epidural techniques: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"124","author":"Chau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2012.05.007","article-title":"Risk factors for failed conversion of labor epidural analgesia to cesarean delivery anesthesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational trials","volume":"21","author":"Bauer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001222","article-title":"Combined spinal epidural technique for labor analgesia does not delay recognition of epidural catheter failures","volume":"125","author":"Booth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2002.01380.x","article-title":"Fetal bradycardia due to intrathecal opioids for labour analgesia: a systematic review","volume":"109","author":"Mardirosoff","year":"2002","journal-title":"BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib13","first-page":"1040","article-title":"Dural puncture with a 26-gauge spinal needle affects spread of epidural anesthesia","volume":"82","author":"Suzuki","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e318184ec14","article-title":"A randomized trial of dural puncture epidural technique compared with the standard epidural technique for labor analgesia","volume":"107","author":"Cappiello","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004768","article-title":"Effect of dural puncture epidural technique combined with programmed intermittent epidural bolus on labor analgesia onset and maintenance: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"132","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.26710","article-title":"Effect of dural-puncture epidural vs standard epidural for epidural extension on onset time of surgical anesthesia in elective cesarean delivery","volume":"6","author":"Sharawi","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002182","article-title":"A review of the impact of obstetric anesthesia on maternal and neonatal outcomes","volume":"129","author":"Lim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2004.04.008","article-title":"Incidence and characteristics of failures in obstetric neuraxial analgesia and anesthesia: a retrospective analysis of 19,259 deliveries","volume":"13","author":"Pan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-022-00936-y","article-title":"The options for neuraxial drug administration","volume":"36","author":"Hermanns","year":"2022","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib20","series-title":"Oxford textbook of obstetric anesthesia","first-page":"228","article-title":"Initiation of neuraxial labour analgesia","author":"Roofthooft","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib21","first-page":"54","article-title":"A comparison of motor block between ropivacaine and bupivacaine for continuous labor epidural analgesia","volume":"69","author":"Merson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Nurse Anesth"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-013-9981-z","article-title":"The effect of low concentrations versus high concentrations of local anesthetics for labour analgesia on obstetric and anesthetic outcomes: a meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"Sultan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can J Anesth Can d\u2019anesth\u00e9sie"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000252458.20912.ef","article-title":"A comparison of minimum local anesthetic volumes and doses of epidural bupivacaine (0.125% w\/v and 0.25% w\/v) for analgesia in labor","volume":"104","author":"Lyons","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199105000-00002","article-title":"The effects of the addition of sufentanil to 0.125% bupivacaine on the quality of analgesia during labor and on the incidence of instrumental deliveries","volume":"74","author":"Vertommen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2006.07.008","article-title":"Effect of sufentanil on minimum local analgesic concentrations of epidural bupivacaine, ropivacaine and levobupivacaine in nullipara in early labour","volume":"16","author":"Buyse","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMct0909254","article-title":"Epidural analgesia for labor and delivery","volume":"362","author":"Hawkins","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/00003643-200401000-00007","article-title":"A multicentre trial comparing different concentrations of ropivacaine plus sufentanil with bupivacaine plus sufentanil for patient-controlled epidural analgesia in labour","volume":"21","author":"Gogarten","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"9275","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)05251-X","article-title":"Effect of low-dose mobile versus traditional epidural techniques on mode of delivery: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"358","author":"Shennan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib29","series-title":"Chestnuts Obstetric Anesthesia Principles and Practice 5e","article-title":"Epidural and spinal analgesia\/anesthesia for labor and vaginal delivery title","author":"Wong","year":"2014"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.06.017","article-title":"Modern labor epidural analgesia: implications for labor outcomes and maternal-fetal health","volume":"228","author":"Callahan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib31","series-title":"Oxford textbook of anaesthesia","first-page":"1138","article-title":"Oxford textbook of anaesthesia","author":"Biro","year":"2017"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03018428","article-title":"Intrathecal clonidine prolongs labour analgesia but worsens fetal outcome: a pilot study","volume":"51","author":"Missant","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can J Anesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9185.117101","article-title":"Intravenous dexmedetomidine versus clonidine for prolongation of bupivacaine spinal anesthesia and analgesia: a randomized double-blind study","volume":"29","author":"Reddy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib34","first-page":"143","article-title":"Intravenous dexmedetomidine vs. intravenous clonidine to prolong bupivacaine spinal anesthesia. A double blind study","volume":"19","author":"Whizar-Lugo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anest Mex"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000003417","article-title":"Benefit and harm of adding epinephrine to a local anesthetic for neuraxial and locoregional anesthesia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with trial sequential analyses","volume":"127","author":"Tschopp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.2000.01547-4.x","article-title":"Ability of anaesthetists to identify a marked lumbar interspace","volume":"55","author":"Broadbent","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000184","article-title":"Lumbar neuraxial ultrasound for spinal and epidural anesthesia","volume":"41","author":"Perlas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"issue":"mar26 1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f1720","article-title":"Ultrasound imaging for lumbar punctures and epidural catheterisations: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"346","author":"Shaikh","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-020-02750-6","article-title":"Could preprocedural ultrasound increase the first-pass success rate of neuraxial anesthesia in obstetrics? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"34","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib40","series-title":"Ultrasound-guided catheterisation of the epidural space","first-page":"1","year":"2008"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0b013e328360b069","article-title":"Techniques for the maintenance of epidural labor analgesia","volume":"26","author":"Capogna","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X0503300405","article-title":"Patient-controlled epidural analgesia following combined spinal-epidural analgesia in labour: the effects of adding a continuous epidural infusion","volume":"33","author":"Missant","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care Italy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000743","article-title":"The effect of adding a background infusion to patient-controlled epidural labor analgesia on labor, maternal, and neonatal outcomes","volume":"121","author":"Heesen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03018402","article-title":"Automated intermittent epidural boluses improve analgesia induced by intrathecal fentanyl during labour","volume":"51","author":"Chua","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can J Anesth Can d\u2019anesth\u00e9sie"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/89.3.459","article-title":"Patient-controlled epidural analgesia versus continuous infusion for labour analgesia: a meta-analysis","volume":"89","author":"van der Vyver","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001204","article-title":"Obstetric anesthesia workforce survey: a 30-year update","volume":"122","author":"Traynor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"December 2023","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib47","article-title":"Influence of different volumes and frequency of programmed intermittent epidural bolus in labor on maternal and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"93","author":"Howle","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3182713b26","article-title":"Intermittent epidural bolus compared with continuous epidural infusions for labor analgesia","volume":"116","author":"George","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2015.11.005","article-title":"Programmed intermittent epidural boluses for maintenance of labor analgesia: an impact study","volume":"26","author":"McKenzie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.29271\/jcpsp.2020.05.463","article-title":"Programmed intermittent epidural bolus at different intervals combined with patient-controlled epidural analgesia on body temperature during labour analgesia","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Coll Physicians Surg Pakistan"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-023-03253-w","article-title":"Programmed intermittent epidural bolus in maintenance of epidural labor analgesia: a literature review","volume":"37","author":"Ni","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Anesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-021-02132-w","article-title":"Programmed intermittent epidural bolus for labour analgesia: a randomized controlled trial comparing bolus delivery speeds of 125 mL\u00b7hr-1 versus 250 mL\u00b7hr-1","volume":"69","author":"Mazda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Can J Anaesthesia"}],"container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Anaesthesiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521689624000557?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521689624000557?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T07:23:30Z","timestamp":1776410610000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521689624000557"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521689624000557"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1753-3740"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1753-3740","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Initiation and maintenance of neuraxial labour analgesia: A narrative review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpa.2024.10.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}