{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T10:22:32Z","timestamp":1772706152471,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]],"date-time":"2007-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1175385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,22]],"date-time":"2007-03-22T11:00:49Z","timestamp":1174561249000},"page":"261-279","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Helicobacter pylori and benign upper digestive disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Larry H.","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph J.Y.","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)91816-6","article-title":"Unidentified curved bacilli in the stomach of patients with gastritis and peptic ulceration","volume":"1","author":"Marshall","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90644-Z","article-title":"Epidemiology of H. pylori in an asymptomatic population in the United States. Effect of age, race, and socioeconomic status","volume":"100","author":"Graham","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.308.6931.750","article-title":"Relation between infection with H. pylori and living conditions in childhood: evidence for person to person transmission in early life","volume":"308","author":"Webb","year":"1994","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"supplement 2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib4","first-page":"33","article-title":"The prevalence of H. pylori infection in different countries","volume":"9","author":"Pounder","year":"1995","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"supplement 2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib5","first-page":"85","article-title":"Transmission of H. pylori: faecal-oral versus oral-oral route","volume":"9","author":"Megraud","year":"1995","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E87","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.5.e87","article-title":"Acute H. pylori infection is followed by an increase in diarrheal disease among Peruvian children","volume":"108","author":"Passaro","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200210000-00012","article-title":"Growth slowing after acute H. pylori infection is age-dependent","volume":"35","author":"Passaro","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1985.tb113443.x","article-title":"Attempt to fulfill Koch's postulates for pyloric Campylobacter","volume":"142","author":"Marshall","year":"1985","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib9","first-page":"192","article-title":"Ingestion of Campylobacter pyloridis causes gastritis and raised fasting gastric pH","volume":"82","author":"Morris","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib10","first-page":"974","article-title":"Iatrogenic Campylobacter pyloric infection is a cause of epidemic achlorhydria","volume":"83","author":"Graham","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.47.4.467","article-title":"Acute gastritis with hypochlorhydria: report of 35 cases with long-term follow-up","volume":"47","author":"Harford","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.11.1415","article-title":"Acute Helicobacter pylori infection: clinical features, local and systemic immune response, gastric mucosal histology, and gastric juice ascorbic acid concentrations","volume":"32","author":"Sobala","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(79)90415-3","article-title":"Epidemic gastritis with hypochlorhydria","volume":"76","author":"Ramsey","year":"1979","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.35.6.755","article-title":"Effects of Helicobacter pylori on histamine and carbachol stimulated acid secretion by human parietal cells","volume":"35","author":"Jablonowski","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1086\/314427","article-title":"Enterotoxic effect of the vacuolating toxin produced by Helicobacter pylori in Caco-2 cells","volume":"178","author":"Guarino","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70075-1","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic gastric acid hyposecretion","volume":"113","author":"El-Olmar","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib17","first-page":"902","article-title":"Chronic gastritis: its relation to achylia and ulcer","volume":"2","author":"Faber","year":"1927","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib18","series-title":"Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease","first-page":"810","article-title":"The gastrointestinal tract","author":"Chen","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.4.1918","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori urease binds to class II MHC on gastric epithelial cells and induces their apoptosis","volume":"165","author":"Fan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v110.pm8964399","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori cagA gene and expression of cytokine messenger RNA in gastric mucosa","volume":"110","author":"Yamaoka","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"supplement 1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.1997.06b05.x","article-title":"Autoantibodies to gastric mucosa in Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"2","author":"Negrini","year":"1997","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.38.6.841","article-title":"Association of cytotoxin production and neutrophil activation by strains of Helicobacter pylori isolated from patients with peptic ulceration and chronic gastritis","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI2808","article-title":"Involvement of the CD95 (APO-1\/Fas) receptor and ligand system in Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric epithelial apoptosis","volume":"102","author":"Rudi","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.47.3.330","article-title":"CagA: a role at last","volume":"47","author":"Atherton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI13045","article-title":"The Helicobacter pylori VacA toxin is a urea permease that promotes urea diffusion across epithelia","volume":"108","author":"Tombola","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1112","article-title":"Mice deficient in protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z are resistant to gastric ulcer induction by VacA of Helicobacter pylori","volume":"33","author":"Fujikawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.34781","article-title":"Importance of Helicobacter pylori oipA in clinical presentation, gastric inflammation and mucosal interleukin 8 production","volume":"123","author":"Yamaoka","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.36.1.12","article-title":"Changes in the intragastric distribution of Helicobacter pylori during treatment with omeprazole","volume":"36","author":"Logan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib29","first-page":"785","article-title":"Changes in the histology and function of gastric mucosa and in Helicobacter pylori colonization during a long-term follow-up period after vagotomy in duodenal ulcer patients","volume":"52","author":"Peetsalu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1038\/35006081","article-title":"Interleukin-1 polymorphisms associated with increased risk of gastric cancer","volume":"404","author":"El-Omar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.00348.x","article-title":"Genetic variants in matrix metalloproteinase genes are associated with development of gastric ulcer in H. pylori infection","volume":"101","author":"Hellmig","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70019-2","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer and gastric ulcer: a Model","volume":"133","author":"Graham","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70025-9","article-title":"The gastric transitional zones: neglected links between gastroduodenal pathology and Helicobacter ecology","volume":"116","author":"Van Zanten","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199501193320302","article-title":"Antibacterial treatment of gastric ulcers associated with Helicobacter pylori","volume":"332","author":"Sung","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2524","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018816729449","article-title":"One-week antibiotics versus maintenance acid suppression therapy for Helicobacter pylori-associated peptic ulcer bleeding","volume":"42","author":"Sung","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.01214.x","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection rates in duodenal ulcer patients in the United States may be lower than previously estimated","volume":"94","author":"Ciociola","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-120-12-199406150-00001","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection and the risk of duodenal and gastric ulceration","volume":"120","author":"Nomura","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib38","first-page":"1409","article-title":"Has the impact of Helicobacter pylori therapy on ulcer recurrence in the United States been overstated? A meta-analysis of rigorously designed trials","volume":"93","author":"Laine","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib39","first-page":"23","article-title":"Gastroduodenal mucosal alkaline secretion and mucosal protection","volume":"16","author":"Flemstrom","year":"2001","journal-title":"News Physiol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib40","series-title":"Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract","first-page":"1285","article-title":"Gastric and duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion","author":"Flemstrom","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529609009126","article-title":"Long-term course and consequences of Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Results of a 32-year follow-up study","volume":"31","author":"Valle","year":"1996","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.37.3.319","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection density and gastric inflammation in duodenal ulcer and non-ulcer subjects","volume":"37","author":"Khulusi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1097\/00001574-200311000-00002","article-title":"Gastric secretion","volume":"19","author":"Schubert","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib44","first-page":"2038","article-title":"Acid secretion and serum gastrin in normal subjects and\u00a0patients with duodenal ulcer: the role of Helicobacter pylori","volume":"88","author":"Peterson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.34.8.1060","article-title":"Eradicating Helicobacter pylori infection lowers gastrin mediated acid secretion by two thirds in patients with duodenal ulcers","volume":"34","author":"El-Omar","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90374-7","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection and abnormalities of acid secretion in patients with duodenal ulcer disease","volume":"109","author":"El-Omar","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)92816-X","article-title":"Effect of Helicobacter pylori on gastric somatostatin in duodenal ulcer disease","volume":"340","author":"Moss","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-199708000-00007","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection and tumour necrosis factor-alpha increase gastrin release from human gastric antral fragments","volume":"9","author":"Beales","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70228-2","article-title":"Effect of transforming growth factor alpha and interleukin 8 on somatostatin release from canine fundi D cells","volume":"112","author":"Beales","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v113.pm9247465","article-title":"Effect of Helicobacter pylori products and recombinant cytokines on gastrin release from cultured canine G cells","volume":"113","author":"Beales","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v110.agast961325","article-title":"Gastrin-releasing peptic, acid secretion, Helicobacter pylori, and duodenal ulcer: another epiphenomenon?","volume":"110","author":"Graham","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.40.8.841","article-title":"Campylobacter pyloridis and acid induced gastric metaplasia in the pathogenesis of duodenitis","volume":"40","author":"Wyatt","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"4 supplement","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib53","first-page":"8S","article-title":"Ulcerogenesis: integrating the roles of Helicobacter pylori and acid secretion in duodenal ulcer","volume":"92","author":"Peura","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"supplement","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib54","first-page":"741","article-title":"The location of duodenal ulcer","volume":"54","author":"Oi","year":"1968","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.30.6.790","article-title":"Campylobacter pylori, duodenal ulcer, and gastric metaplasia: possible role of functional heterotopic tissue in ulcerogenesis","volume":"30","author":"Carrick","year":"1989","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v110.pm8608879","article-title":"Duodenal bicarbonate secretion: eradication of Helicobacter pylori and duodenal structure and function in humans","volume":"110","author":"Hogan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198702123160704","article-title":"Impaired proximal duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion in patients with duodenal ulcer","volume":"316","author":"Isenberg","year":"1987","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.40.4.463","article-title":"Mucosal expression and luminal release of epidermal and\u00a0transforming growth factors in patients with duodenal ulcer before and after eradication of Helicobacter pylori","volume":"40","author":"Konturek","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.01.009","article-title":"Duodenal ulcer promoting gene of Helicobacter pylori","volume":"128","author":"Lu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.7.927","article-title":"Host gastric Lewis expression determines the bacterial density of Helicobacter pylori in babA2 genopositive infection","volume":"52","author":"Sheu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800831237","article-title":"High prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in duodenal ulcer perforations not caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs","volume":"83","author":"Ng","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(97)70134-2","article-title":"Endoscopic balloon dilation and Helicobacter pylori eradication in the treatment of gastric outlet obstruction","volume":"46","author":"Lam","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib63","first-page":"199","article-title":"One-year follow-up of duodenal ulcers after 1-wk triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori","volume":"89","author":"Sung","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91460-5","article-title":"Duodenal ulcer healing by eradication of Helicobacter pylori without anti-acid treatment: randomised controlled trial","volume":"343","author":"Hosking","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(04)01569-X","article-title":"Endoscopic balloon dilation for benign gastric outlet obstruction with or without Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"60","author":"Lam","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(05)00896-7","article-title":"Gastroduodenal disease, Helicobacter pylori, and genetic polypmorphisms","volume":"3","author":"Gillen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199908123410725","article-title":"Gastrointestinal toxicity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs","volume":"341","author":"Wolfe","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07273-2","article-title":"Role of Helicobacter pylori infection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in peptic-ulcer disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"359","author":"Huang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200103293441304","article-title":"Preventing recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection who are taking low-dose aspirin or naproxen","volume":"344","author":"Chan","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)04523-6","article-title":"Randomized trial of eradication of Helicobacter pylori before non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy to prevent peptic ulcers","volume":"350","author":"Chan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07272-0","article-title":"Eradication of Helicobacter pylori and risk of peptic ulcers in patients starting long-term treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a randomised trial","volume":"359","author":"Chan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.51.3.329","article-title":"Primary prevention of diclofenac associated ulcers and dyspepsia by omeprazole or triple therapy in Helicobacter pylori positive patients: a randomised, double bind, placebo controlled, clinical trial","volume":"51","author":"Labenz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)04206-8","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of Helicobacter pylori eradication in patients on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: HELP NSAIDs study. Helicobacter Eradication for Lesion Prevention","volume":"352","author":"Hawkey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2005.02444.x","article-title":"Meta-analysis: role of Helicobacter pylori eradication in the prevention of peptic ulcer in NSAID users","volume":"21","author":"Vergara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012877","article-title":"Lansoprazole for the prevention of recurrences of ulcer complications from long-term low-dose aspirin use","volume":"346","author":"Lai","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib76","first-page":"A133","article-title":"Eradication of H. pylori for the prevention of recurrent ulcer bleeding\u00a0in high-risk aspirin users: a 4-year prospective cohort study","volume":"128","author":"Chan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70474-3","article-title":"Infection of Helicobacter pylori in gastric adaptation to continued administration of aspirin in humans","volume":"114","author":"Konturek","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2436","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005611613542","article-title":"Upgregulated cyclooxygenase-2 inhibits apoptosis of human gastric epithelial cells infected with Helicobacter pylori","volume":"45","author":"Kim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2002.01211.x","article-title":"Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori-induced cyclo-oxygenase-2 aggravates NSAID-caused gastric damage in Mongolian gerbils","volume":"16","author":"Futagami","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2003.01587.x","article-title":"Effect of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition on human Helicobacter pylori gastritis: mechanisms underlying gastrointestinal safety and implications for cancer chemoprevention","volume":"17","author":"Scheiman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.36013","article-title":"Stratifying the risk of NSAID-related upper gastrointestinal clinical events: results of a double-blind outcomes study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"213","author":"Laine","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2002.01169.x","article-title":"Current concepts in the management of Helicobacter pylori\u00a0infection \u2013 the Maastricht 2-2000 Consensus Report","volume":"16","author":"Malfertheiner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.43.3.327","article-title":"Opposing time trends of peptic ulcer and reflux disease","volume":"43","author":"El-Serag","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70364-6","article-title":"The seroprevalence of cagA-positive Helicobacter pylori strains in the spectrum of gastroeosphageal reflux disease","volume":"115","author":"Vicari","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.01758.x","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of the prevalence of gastric Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with GERD, Barrett's esophagus, Barrett's dysplasia, and Barrett's adenoarcinoma","volume":"95","author":"Weston","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2206","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.02305.x","article-title":"CagA-positive strains of Helicobacter pylori may protect against Barrett's esophagus","volume":"95","author":"Vaezi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70024-6","article-title":"Curing Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with duodenal ulcer may provoke reflux esophagitis","volume":"112","author":"Labenz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.051821","article-title":"Epidemiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a systemic review","volume":"54","author":"Dent","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2000.00714.x","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with milder gastro-oesophageal reflux disease","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-005-1672-2","article-title":"Association between interleukin-1beta-511C\/T polymorphism and reflux esophagitis in Japan","volume":"40","author":"Muramatsu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2001.00988.x","article-title":"Increased gastric acid secretion after Helicobacter pylori eradication may be a factor for developing reflux oesophagitis","volume":"15","author":"Koike","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2001.01132.x","article-title":"Dysfunction of oesophageal motility in Helicobacter pylori-infected patients with reflux oesphagitis","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/s005350050372","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection correlates with severity of reflux esophagitis: with manometry findings","volume":"34","author":"Shirota","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2992","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.07116.x","article-title":"Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on development of erosive esophagitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms: a post hoc analysis of eight double blind prospective studies","volume":"97","author":"Laine","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07533.x","article-title":"The changing epidemiology of GERD: geography and Helicobacter pylori","volume":"98","author":"Graham","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2005.02461.x","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori eradication does not cause reflux oesophagitis in functional dyspeptic patients: a randomised, investigator-blinded, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Ott","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04894-7","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori and symptomatic relapse of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"357","author":"Schwizer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.012641","article-title":"Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a double blind, placebo controlled, randomised trial","volume":"53","author":"Wu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.29332","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori eradication does not exacerbate reflux symptoms in gastroesophageal reflux disease","volume":"121","author":"Moayyedi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38082.626725.EE","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of effects of Helicobacter pylori infection and its eradication on heartburn and gastro-oesophageal reflux: Bristol helicobacter project","volume":"328","author":"Harvey","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1159\/000090955","article-title":"Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on the outcome of reflux esophagitis and chronic gastritis in the elder. A randomised, multicenter, eight-month study","volume":"52","author":"Pilotto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gerotology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib102","series-title":"Rome II: The Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders","first-page":"299","article-title":"Functional gastroduodenal disorders","author":"Talley","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.302.6779.749","article-title":"Prevalences of endoscopic and histological findings in subjects with and without dyspepsia","volume":"302","author":"Johnsen","year":"1991","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6 supplement","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)80016-9","article-title":"What role does Helicobacter pylori play in dyspepsia and non-ulcer dyspepsia? Arguments for and against H. pylori being associated with dyspeptic symptoms","volume":"113","author":"Talley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.37.1.47","article-title":"Does Helicobacter pylori infection increase gastric sensitivity in function dyspepsia?","volume":"37","author":"Mearin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199812243392601","article-title":"Symptomatic benefit from eradicating Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia","volume":"339","author":"McColl","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199812243392602","article-title":"Lack of effect of treating Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia. Omeprazole plus Clarithromycin and Amoxicillin Effect One Year after Treatment (OCAY) Study Group","volume":"339","author":"Blum","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199910073411502","article-title":"Absence of benefit of eradicating Helicobacter pylori in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia","volume":"341","author":"Talley","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-134-5-200103060-00008","article-title":"Therapy for Helicobacter pylori in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"134","author":"Laine","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002096.pub4","article-title":"Eradication of Helicobacter pylori in non-ulcer dyspepsia","author":"Moayyedi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib111","article-title":"Initial management strategies for dyspepsia","author":"Delaney","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.09.019","article-title":"American Gastroenterological Association Medical Position Statement: Evaluation of Dyspepsia","volume":"129","author":"Talley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1080\/00365529850171459","article-title":"Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-associated upper gastrointestinal lesions in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Relationships to gastric histology, Helicobacter pylori infection, and other risk factors for peptic ulcer","volume":"33","author":"Vutilainen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"supplement 4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib114","first-page":"85","article-title":"Is Helicobacter pylori infection a risk or protective factor for mucosal lesions development in patients chronically treated with acetylsalicylic acid?","volume":"48","author":"Kordecki","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02208681","article-title":"Severe gastric mucosal damage induced by NSAIDs in healthy subjects is associated with Helicobacter pylori infection and high levels of serum pepsinogens","volume":"40","author":"Santucci","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dig\u00a0Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.1993.tb00067.x","article-title":"Gastric and duodenal mucosal blood flow in patients receiving non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs \u2013 influence of age, smoking, ulceration and Helicobacter pylori","volume":"7","author":"Taha","year":"1993","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1159\/000199898","article-title":"Campylobacter-like organisms, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and gastric lesions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"44","author":"Caselli","year":"1989","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.1990.tb00498.x","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori associated chronic gastritis and peptic ulceration in patients taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs","volume":"4","author":"Shallcross","year":"1990","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"supplement 1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib119","first-page":"S109","article-title":"Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs associated with gastroduodenal injury and Helicobacter pylori","volume":"6","author":"Mizokami","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.45.2.135","article-title":"Chemical gastritis and Helicobacter pylori related gastritis in patients receiving non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: comparison and correlation with peptic ulceration","volume":"45","author":"Taha","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib121","first-page":"203","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection and development of gastric or duodenal ulcer in arthritic patients receiving chronic NSAID therapy","volume":"89","author":"Kim","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-199710000-00006","article-title":"The effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on NSAID-related gastroduodenal damage in the elderly","volume":"9","author":"Pilotto","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.39.1.22","article-title":"Role of Helicobacter pylori in ulcer healing and recurrence of gastric and duodenal ulcers in longterm NSAID users: response to omeprazole dual therapy","volume":"39","author":"Bianchi Porro","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3109\/03009749609082667","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection increases the risk of peptic ulcers in chronic users of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"1996","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90665-8","article-title":"Long-term nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use and Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"100","author":"Graham","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)90311-L","article-title":"Long-term nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and gastroduodenal injury: the role of Helicobacter pylori","volume":"102","author":"Loeb","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib127","first-page":"27","article-title":"Infection with Helicobacter pylori and long-term use of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs","volume":"52","author":"Vcev","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Med Croatica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/27.2.113","article-title":"Campylobacter pylori associated gastritis in patients with\u00a0rheumatoid arthritis taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs","volume":"27","author":"Upadhyay","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11030-0","article-title":"Peptic-ulcer disease","volume":"360","author":"Chan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S152169180600117X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S152169180600117X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]],"date-time":"2020-04-21T01:27:37Z","timestamp":1587432457000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S152169180600117X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"references-count":129,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S152169180600117X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-6918"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-6918","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]}}}