{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T18:50:29Z","timestamp":1773859829478,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,5]],"date-time":"2013-02-05T00:34:27Z","timestamp":1360024467000},"page":"563-571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Infectious causes of chronic diarrhoea"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Lisa","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina M.","family":"Surawicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra022710","volume":"348","author":"Haque","year":"2003","journal-title":"Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.73.934","article-title":"Amebic colitis in asymptomatic subjects with positive fecal occult blood test results: clinical features different from symptomatic cases","volume":"73","author":"Okamoto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib3","article-title":"Differentiating Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba moshkovskii using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in rural communities in Malaysia","volume":"187","author":"Ngui","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.04.001","article-title":"Epidemiology of Cyclospora cayetanensis: a review focusing in endemic areas","volume":"115","author":"Chacin-Bonilla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283437e88","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis in patients with HIV\/AIDS","volume":"25","author":"O'connor","year":"2011","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-124-4-199602150-00008","article-title":"Understanding intestinal spore-forming protozoa: cryptosporidia, microsporidia, isospora, and cyclospora","volume":"124","author":"Goodgame","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.40536","article-title":"Chronic diarrhoea in HIV patients: prevalence of coccidian parasites","volume":"26","author":"Gupta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00022-08","article-title":"New insights on classification, identification, and clinical relevance of Blastocystis spp","volume":"21","author":"Tan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2003.11.002","article-title":"A British second world war veteran with disseminated strongyloidiasis","volume":"98","author":"Gill","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2006.01.016","article-title":"Severe strongyloidiasis in corticosteroid-treated patients: case series and literature review","volume":"54","author":"Fardet","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib11","first-page":"130","article-title":"Ascariasis and hookworm","volume":"12","author":"Sarinas","year":"1997","journal-title":"Semin Respir Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68653-4","article-title":"Soil-transmitted helminth infections: ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm","volume":"367","author":"Bethony","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-3354CC","volume":"90","author":"Flisser","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2011.07.017","article-title":"Yersinia enterocolitica: pathogenesis, virulence and antimicrobial resistance","volume":"30","author":"Faberga","year":"2012","journal-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.10.2.257","article-title":"Yersinia enterocolitica: the charisma continues","volume":"10","author":"Bottone","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib16","first-page":"153","article-title":"Yersinia enterocolitica infection in a patient with sickle cell disease after exposure to chitterlings","volume":"16","author":"Stoddard","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.09.029","article-title":"Clinical challenges and images in GI. Yersinia enterocolitica mesenteric adenitis and terminal ileitis","volume":"131","author":"Fuchizaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.292.6513.97","article-title":"Infection with Yersinia enterocolitica in patients with iron overload","volume":"292","author":"Chiu","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198606193142514","article-title":"Yersinia sepsis in patients with iron overload treated with deferroxamine","volume":"314","author":"Gallant","year":"1986","journal-title":"N Eng J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1159\/000185208","article-title":"Septicemia due to Yersinia enterocolitica in a long term hemodialysis patient after a single desferrioxamine administration","volume":"50","author":"Huen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3855\/T2.2.81","article-title":"Aeromonas-associated infections in developing countries","volume":"2","author":"Ghenghesh","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib22","first-page":"88","article-title":"Emerging infections of the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"23","author":"Shlenker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822006000200016","article-title":"Aeromonas associated with acute diarrhea outbreak in Sao Bento do Una, Pernambuco","volume":"39","author":"Hofer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1053\/jinf.1999.0594","article-title":"Aeromonas infection in acute suppurative cholangitis; review of 30 cases","volume":"40","author":"Chan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1998.1012a.x","article-title":"Aeromonas as a cause of segmental colitis","author":"Yarze","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Gastro"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2006.12.008","article-title":"A case of Aeromonas hydrophila enteritis in the course of ulcerative colitis","volume":"18","author":"Ahishali","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.30.5.686","article-title":"Chronic colitis after Aeromonas infection","volume":"30","author":"Willoughby","year":"1989","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib28","first-page":"375","article-title":"Plesiomonas shigelloides infection in Hong Kong: retrospective study of 167 laboratory-confirmed cases","volume":"6","author":"Wong","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib29","unstructured":"Okawa Y, Ohtomo Y, Tsugawa H, Matsuda Y, Kobayashi H, Tsukamoto T. Isolation and characterization of a cytotoxin produced by Plesiomonas shigelloides P-1 strain."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2442","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051639","article-title":"A predominantly clonal multi-institutional outbreak of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea with high morbidity and mortality","volume":"353","author":"Loo","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1407.070867","article-title":"Attributable outcomes of endemic Clostridium difficile-associated disease in nonsurgical patients","volume":"14","author":"Dubberke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1086\/526530","article-title":"Short- and long-term attributable costs of Clostridium difficile-associated disease in nonsurgical inpatients","volume":"46","author":"Dubberke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3211","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01082-09","article-title":"Comparison of nine commercially available Clostridium difficile toxin detection assays, a real-time PCR assay for C. difficile tcdB, and a glutamate dehydrogenase detection assay to cytotoxin testing and cytotoxigenic culture methods","volume":"47","author":"Eastwood","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1086\/501553","article-title":"Recurrent Clostridium difficile disease: epidemiology and clinical characteristics","volume":"20","author":"McFarland","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir632","article-title":"Systematic review of intestinal microbiota transplantation (fecal bacteriotherapy) for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection","volume":"53","author":"Gough","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib36","first-page":"137","article-title":"Abdominal tuberculosis \u2013 a study of 25 cases","volume":"2","author":"Sharma","year":"2004","journal-title":"Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2009.02.015","article-title":"Abdominal tuberculosis in the absence of pulmonary involvement shown by 2-[fluorine 18] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography","volume":"7","author":"Ichikawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(85)71995-5","article-title":"Diagnosis of ileocecal and colonic tuberculosis by colonoscopy","volume":"31","author":"Bhargava","year":"1985","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2005.02645.x","article-title":"Systematic review: tuberculous peritonitis \u2013 presenting features, diagnostic strategies and treatment","volume":"22","author":"Sanai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aliment Pharm Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1159\/000335431","article-title":"Clinical, endoscopic and histological differentiations between Crohn's disease and intestinal tuberculosis","volume":"85","author":"Yu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.585","article-title":"Clinical, endoscopic, histological differentiations between Crohn's disease and intestinal tuberculosis","volume":"105","author":"Makharia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1209-y","article-title":"Changing paradigms in Whipple\u2019s disease and infection with Topheryma whipplei","volume":"30","author":"Moos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.36583","article-title":"Dysregulated peripheral and mucosal Th1\/Th2 response in Whipple\u2019s disease","volume":"123","author":"Marth","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.07.066","article-title":"Impaired immune functions of monocytes and macrophages in Whipple's disease","volume":"138","author":"Moos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199705000-00003","article-title":"Whipple disease. Clinical review of 52 cases. The SNFMI Research Group on Whipple Disease. Societe Nationale Francaise de Medecine Interne","volume":"76","author":"Durand","year":"1997","journal-title":"Med Baltim"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib46","article-title":"Whipple's disease: an endoscopic and histologic study","volume":"77","author":"Monkemuller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.10.041","article-title":"Efficacy of ceftriaxone or meropenem as initial therapies in Whipple's disease","volume":"138","author":"Feurle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/254159","article-title":"Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli: an emerging enteric food borne pathogen","author":"Kaur","year":"2010","journal-title":"Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9604-4","article-title":"An unusual case report of small bowel Candida overgrowth as a cause of diarrhea and review of the literature","volume":"52","author":"Friedman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1986.03380040058029","article-title":"An outbreak of a newly recognized chronic diarrhea syndrome associated with raw milk consumption","volume":"256","author":"Osterholm","year":"1986","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1086\/504808","article-title":"A restaurant-associated outbreak of Brainerd diarrhea in California","volume":"43","author":"Vugia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1086\/504805","article-title":"A large outbreak of Brainerd diarrhea associated with a restaurant in the Red River Valley","volume":"43","author":"Kimura","year":"2006","journal-title":"Texas Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199212243272605","article-title":"The self-limited nature of chronic idiopathic diarrhea","volume":"327","author":"Afzalpurkar","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.11.025","article-title":"Postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome after a food-borne outbreak of acute gastroenteritis attributed to a viral pathogen","volume":"5","author":"Marshall","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.102","article-title":"Incidence of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome and functional intestinal disorders following a water-borne viral gastroenteritis outbreak","volume":"107","author":"Zanini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03399.x","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis: the incidence and prognosis of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"26","author":"Thabane","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.02.072","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of acute or persistent diarrhea","volume":"136","author":"Pawlowski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"}],"container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S152169181200100X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S152169181200100X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]],"date-time":"2019-07-09T07:09:33Z","timestamp":1562656173000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S152169181200100X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S152169181200100X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-6918"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-6918","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Infectious causes of chronic diarrhoea","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.11.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}