{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T07:32:22Z","timestamp":1774596742661,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]],"date-time":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Gastroenterology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,8]],"date-time":"2017-09-08T01:46:58Z","timestamp":1504835218000},"page":"519-527","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Alcohol, smoking and benign hepato-biliary disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Daniel M\u00f8nsted","family":"Shabanzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Srdan","family":"Novovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"126","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.01.025","article-title":"Digestive and liver diseases statistics","volume":"2004","author":"Russo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1179\u201387","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib2","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Burden of gastrointestinal disease in the United States: 2012 update","volume":"143","author":"Peery","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.2012.5","article-title":"Wound healing and infection in surgery. The clinical impact of smoking and smoking cessation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"147","author":"Sorensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.11.1107","article-title":"Nicotine dependence and psychiatric disorders in the United States: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions","volume":"61","author":"Grant","year":"2004","journal-title":"Archives general psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.05.004","article-title":"Gallstone disease: epidemiology of gallbladder stone disease","volume":"20","author":"Shaffer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-199606000-00017","article-title":"Epidemiology of cholelithiasis in southern Italy. Part II: risk factors","volume":"8","author":"Misciagna","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5282","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.5282","article-title":"Incidence of gallstone disease in Italy: results from a multicenter, population-based Italian study (the MICOL project)","volume":"14","author":"Festi","year":"2008","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2016.1182583","article-title":"Determinants for gallstone formation - a new data cohort study and a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Shabanzadeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.6687","article-title":"Incidence of and potential risk factors for gallstone disease in a general population sample","volume":"96","author":"Halldestam","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"156\u2013167","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib10","first-page":"e1","article-title":"A\u00a0prediction rule for risk stratification of incidentally discovered gallstones: results from a large cohort study","volume":"150","author":"Shabanzadeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69044-2","article-title":"Cholesterol gallstone disease","volume":"368","author":"Portincasa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8553(21)00531-8","article-title":"Epidemiology and natural history of gallstone disease","volume":"20","author":"Diehl","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-6-36","article-title":"Predictors of gallstone composition in 1025 symptomatic gallstones from Northern Germany","volume":"6","author":"Schafmayer","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105794","article-title":"The physicochemical basis of cholesterol gallstone formation in man","volume":"47","author":"Admirand","year":"1968","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib15","first-page":"1735","article-title":"Deoxycholic acid influences cholesterol solubilization and microcrystal nucleation time in gallbladder bile","volume":"22","author":"Hussaini","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.16495","article-title":"Mechanism for the transit-induced increase in colonic deoxycholic acid formation in cholesterol cholelithiasis","volume":"119","author":"Thomas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80183-X","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of cholic acid 7alpha-dehydroxylating fecal bacteria from cholesterol gallstone patients","volume":"32","author":"Wells","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3182a14fba","article-title":"Prolonged orocecal transit time enhances serum bile acids through bacterial overgrowth, contributing factor to gallstone disease","volume":"48","author":"Kaur","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)90738-9","article-title":"Moderate alcohol intake reduces bile cholesterol saturation and raises HDL cholesterol","volume":"2","author":"Thornton","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198806000-00001","article-title":"Alcohol protects against cholesterol gallstone formation","volume":"207","author":"Schwesinger","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(91)91114-X","article-title":"Effect of dietary ethanol on gallbladder absorption and cholesterol gallstone formation in the prairie dog","volume":"161","author":"Kurtin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/29.9.1007","article-title":"Effects of ethanol on bile acid and cholesterol metabolism","volume":"29","author":"Nestel","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.10.039","article-title":"Ethanol stimulates bile acid formation in primary human hepatocytes","volume":"364","author":"Nilsson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.319.7224.1523","article-title":"Moderate alcohol intake and lower risk of coronary heart disease: meta-analysis of effects on lipids and haemostatic factors","volume":"319","author":"Rimm","year":"1999","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00235527","article-title":"The relationship between serum lipids, nucleation time, and biliary lipids in patients with gallstones","volume":"70","author":"Janowitz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.283.6303.1352","article-title":"A\u00a0relation between high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and bile cholesterol saturation","volume":"283","author":"Thornton","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br Med J Clin Res Ed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib27","first-page":"1076","article-title":"Influence of alcohol on gastrointestinal motility: lactulose breath hydrogen testing in orocecal transit time in chronic alcoholics, social drinkers and teetotaler subjects","volume":"44","author":"Addolorato","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018892827554","article-title":"Effect of ethanol on postprandial duodenojejunal motility in humans","volume":"42","author":"Schmidt","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-013-0752-y","article-title":"Potent inhibitory effect of alcoholic beverages upon gastrointestinal passage of food and gallbladder emptying","volume":"48","author":"Kasicka-Jonderko","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib30","first-page":"17","article-title":"Effect of ethanol on motility of the small intestine","volume":"135","author":"Robles","year":"1974","journal-title":"Johns Hopkins Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib31","first-page":"311","article-title":"Some determinants of whole-gut transit time: a population-based study","volume":"88","author":"Probert","year":"1995","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib32","first-page":"839","article-title":"Ultrasound study of gallbladder motility in healthy subjects. Reproducibility of the method and effect of alcohol","volume":"17","author":"Modaine","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib33","first-page":"98","article-title":"Does chronic alcohol drinking modify digestive gastrobiliary motility?","volume":"26","author":"Wedmann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Leber Magen Darm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.12.005","article-title":"The burden of liver disease in Europe: a review of available epidemiological data","volume":"58","author":"Blachier","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198503000-00011","article-title":"Cirrhosis and alcoholism as pathogenetic factors in pigment gallstone formation","volume":"201","author":"Schwesinger","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1159\/000198785","article-title":"Effect of ethanol on biliary unconjugated bilirubin and its implication in pigment gallstone pathogenesis in humans","volume":"24","author":"Di Padova","year":"1982","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4804(83)90042-2","article-title":"Changes in serum and bile bilirubin induced by acute hemolysis","volume":"35","author":"Schwesinger","year":"1983","journal-title":"J\u00a0Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.298.6676.784","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations: an analysis of published data","volume":"298","author":"Craig","year":"1989","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murthy S, Waibel P, Dinoso VP, Clearfield HR. Effect of smoking on postprandial secretion of total bile acids. Gastroenterology.74:1138.","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(78)93541-2"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01296500","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and nicotine delay postprandial mouth-cecum transit time","volume":"37","author":"Scott","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.1995.tb00231.x","article-title":"Influence of age, gender, hormonal status and smoking habits on colonic transit time","volume":"7","author":"Meier","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib42","first-page":"67","article-title":"Effect of cigarette smoking on gallbladder emptying and filling in man","volume":"89","author":"Jonderko","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5540","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i34.5540","article-title":"Acute effect of smoking on gallbladder emptying and refilling in chronic smokers and nonsmokers: a sonographic study","volume":"12","author":"Degirmenci","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000803","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and risk of gallstone disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-016-0124-z","article-title":"Tobacco smoking and the risk of gallbladder disease","volume":"31","author":"Aune","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12391","article-title":"Are incident gallstones associated to sex-dependent changes with age? A cohort study","author":"Shabanzadeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(05)80152-7","article-title":"Incidence of gallstones in a population of patients with cirrhosis","volume":"20","author":"Fornari","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529709011225","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of gallstones in liver cirrhosis","volume":"32","author":"Del Olmo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib49","first-page":"1179","article-title":"Incidence of gallstones in liver cirrhosis","volume":"86","author":"Acalovschi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.4547","article-title":"Development of symptoms and complications in individuals with asymptomatic gallstones","volume":"91","author":"Halldestam","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13531","article-title":"Determinants for clinical events in gallstone carriers unaware of their gallstones","volume":"32","author":"Shabanzadeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2009.06146.x","article-title":"Natural history of gallstone disease: expectant management or active treatment? Results from a population-based cohort study","volume":"25","author":"Festi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.03.005","article-title":"EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of gallstones","volume":"65","author":"European Association for the Study of the L","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.14701\/kjhbps.2016.20.1.12","article-title":"Influencing factors on postoperative hospital stay after laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"20","author":"Chong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Kor J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2003.08.011","article-title":"A\u00a0metaanalysis of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"197","author":"Puggioni","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783823","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/783823","article-title":"Cholecystectomy in patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"2015","author":"Stromberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481508100130","article-title":"Is cirrhosis a contraindication to laparoscopic cholecystectomy?","volume":"81","author":"McGillicuddy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-013-2275-5","article-title":"Alcohol drinking does not affect postoperative surgical site infection or anastomotic leakage: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Shabanzadeh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2015.009","article-title":"Alcohol consumption increases post-operative infection but not mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Shabanzadeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31824f632d","article-title":"Wound healing and infection in surgery: the pathophysiological impact of smoking, smoking cessation, and nicotine replacement therapy: a systematic review","volume":"255","author":"Sorensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e31823db941","article-title":"Epidemiology of first-attack acute pancreatitis in Taiwan from 2000 through 2009: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"41","author":"Shen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2010.6","article-title":"The role of alcohol and smoking in pancreatitis","volume":"7","author":"Yadav","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-011-0177-9","article-title":"Recent advances in the epidemiology of alcoholic pancreatitis","volume":"13","author":"Yadav","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e3282f52f83","article-title":"Trends and forecasts of hospital admissions for acute and chronic pancreatitis in The Netherlands","volume":"20","author":"Spanier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mpa.0000236733.31617.52","article-title":"Trends in the epidemiology of the first attack of acute pancreatitis: a systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Yadav","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-302779","article-title":"Classification of acute pancreatitis\u20132012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus","volume":"62","author":"Banks","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2010.06445.x","article-title":"Mechanisms of alcoholic pancreatitis","volume":"25","author":"Apte","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70465-8","article-title":"Ethanol diet increases the sensitivity of rats to pancreatitis induced by cholecystokinin octapeptide","volume":"117","author":"Pandol","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.4291\/wjgp.v7.i1.48","article-title":"Alcoholic pancreatitis: new insights into the pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"7","author":"Clemens","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1006\/mgme.2001.3208","article-title":"Cholecystokinin (CCK) gene as a possible risk factor for smoking: a replication in two independent samples","volume":"73","author":"Comings","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Genet Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2015.09.002","article-title":"How does cigarette smoking cause acute pancreatitis?","volume":"16","author":"Barreto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pancreatol Offic J Int Assoc Pancreatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib72","first-page":"387","article-title":"Alcohol as a risk factor for pancreatitis. A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Irving","year":"2009","journal-title":"JOP J Pancreas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2015.11.023","article-title":"Alcohol consumption as a risk factor for acute and chronic pancreatitis: a systematic review and a series of meta-analyses","volume":"2","author":"Samokhvalov","year":"2015","journal-title":"EBioMed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.22333","article-title":"Recurrent acute pancreatitis: an algorithmic approach to identification and elimination of inciting factors","volume":"120","author":"Somogyi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8553(05)70074-1","article-title":"Causes of acute and recurrent pancreatitis. Clinical considerations and clues to diagnosis","volume":"28","author":"Bank","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1159\/000114868","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective cohort study of smoking in acute pancreatitis","volume":"8","author":"Lindkvist","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2015.03.001","article-title":"Meta-analysis: tobacco smoking may enhance the risk of acute pancreatitis","volume":"15","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pancreatol Offic J Int Assoc Pancreatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib78","first-page":"256","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokines in alcohol or gallstone induced acute pancreatitis. A prospective study","volume":"10","author":"Novovic","year":"2009","journal-title":"JOP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2016.02.001","article-title":"Chronic pancreatitis: an international draft consensus proposal for a new mechanistic definition","volume":"16","author":"Whitcomb","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pancreatol Offic J Int Assoc Pancreatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.328","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence, and survival of chronic pancreatitis: a population-based study","volume":"106","author":"Yadav","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e31818f6ac1","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical features of chronic pancreatitis in China: a retrospective multicenter analysis over 10 years","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib82","first-page":"489","article-title":"Prevalence of fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes in Chennai in South India","volume":"9","author":"Mohan","year":"2008","journal-title":"JOP J Pancreas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02924385","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical features of chronic pancreatitis in southern India","volume":"15","author":"Balaji","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Pancreatol Offic J Int Assoc Pancreatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70157-X","article-title":"Fernandez-Del Castillo C. AGA technical review: treatment of pain in chronic pancreatitis","volume":"115","author":"Warshaw","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61852-1","article-title":"Chronic pancreatitis","volume":"377","author":"Braganza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.213835","article-title":"Type pain, pain-associated Complicat Qual life, Disabil Resour Util chronic pancreatitis: a prospective cohort study","volume":"60","author":"Mullady","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.02.038","article-title":"Burden of digestive diseases in the United States Part III: liver, biliary tract, and pancreas","volume":"136","author":"Everhart","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.08.045","article-title":"Burden of gastrointestinal, liver, and pancreatic diseases in the United States","volume":"149","author":"Peery","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.06.023","article-title":"Pancreas recovery following cerulein-induced pancreatitis is impaired in plasminogen-deficient mice","volume":"131","author":"Lugea","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(00)70148-X","article-title":"Does alcohol directly stimulate pancreatic fibrogenesis? Studies with rat pancreatic stellate cells","volume":"118","author":"Apte","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.302.1.36","article-title":"Alcohol activates activator protein-1 and mitogen-activated protein kinases in rat pancreatic stellate cells","volume":"302","author":"Masamune","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.2.275","article-title":"Rat pancreatic stellate cells secrete matrix metalloproteinases: implications for extracellular matrix turnover","volume":"52","author":"Phillips","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00405.x","article-title":"Chronic pancreatic inflammation induced by environmental tobacco smoke inhalation in rats","volume":"101","author":"Wittel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib94","first-page":"59","article-title":"Tissue distribution of [3H]-nicotine in rats","volume":"6","author":"Chowdhury","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biomed Environ Sci BES"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1177\/153537020222700708","article-title":"Pathophysiological effects of nicotine on the pancreas: an update","volume":"227","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2002","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2017.1322138","article-title":"The Scandinavian baltic pancreatic club (SBPC) database: design, rationale and characterisation of the study cohort","volume":"52","author":"Olesen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.12.040","article-title":"Risk of recurrent pancreatitis and progression to chronic pancreatitis after a first episode of acute pancreatitis","volume":"14","author":"Ahmed Ali","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1490\u20131500","key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib98","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Frequency of progression from acute to chronic pancreatitis and risk factors: a meta-analysis","volume":"149","author":"Sankaran","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.039263","article-title":"Cigarette smoking accelerates progression of alcoholic chronic pancreatitis","volume":"54","author":"Maisonneuve","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000000721","article-title":"Pancreatic insufficiency secondary to tobacco exposure: a controlled cross-sectional evaluation","volume":"46","author":"Raphael","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.10.015","article-title":"Alcohol and smoking as risk factors in an epidemiology study of patients with chronic pancreatitis","volume":"9","author":"Cote","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2008.601","article-title":"Smoking and risk of acute and chronic pancreatitis among women and men: a population-based cohort study","volume":"169","author":"Tolstrup","year":"2009","journal-title":"Archives Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640616684695","article-title":"United European gastroenterology evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and therapy of chronic pancreatitis (HaPanEU)","volume":"5","author":"Lohr","year":"2017","journal-title":"United Eur Gastroenterol J"}],"container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521691817301002?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521691817301002?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]],"date-time":"2021-11-04T14:14:25Z","timestamp":1636035265000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521691817301002"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521691817301002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-6918"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-6918","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Alcohol, smoking and benign hepato-biliary disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}