{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:57:06Z","timestamp":1775782626725,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]],"date-time":"2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,3]],"date-time":"2017-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["biophysj.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biophysical Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,11]],"date-time":"2017-04-11T18:07:23Z","timestamp":1491934043000},"page":"1489-1502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Brownian Ratchet Mechanism for Faithful Segregation of Low-Copy-Number Plasmids"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Longhua","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony G.","family":"Vecchiarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Mizuuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keir C.","family":"Neuman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/35012500","article-title":"Lateral gene transfer and the nature of bacterial innovation","volume":"405","author":"Ochman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt918","article-title":"High-copy bacterial plasmids diffuse in the nucleoid-free space, replicate stochastically and are randomly partitioned at cell division","volume":"42","author":"Reyes-Lamothe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genet.38.072902.091252","article-title":"Plasmid segregation mechanisms","volume":"39","author":"Ebersbach","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib4","series-title":"Current Topics in Developmental Biology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0070-2153(03)01010-X","article-title":"Plasmid and chromosome traffic control: how ParA and ParB drive partition","author":"Surtees","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ge.23.120189.000345","article-title":"Mechanisms that contribute to the stable segregation of plasmids","volume":"23","author":"Nordstr\u00f6m","year":"1989","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.PLAS-0023-2014","article-title":"Plasmid partition mechanisms","volume":"2","author":"Baxter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microbiology Spectr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05728.x","article-title":"Oscillating focus of SopA associated with filamentous structure guides partitioning of F plasmid","volume":"64","author":"Hatano","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19369","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0908347106","article-title":"Movement and equipositioning of plasmids by ParA filament disassembly","volume":"106","author":"Ringgaard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03837.x","article-title":"Kinetics of plasmid segregation in Escherichia coli","volume":"51","author":"Gordon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2010.07398.x","article-title":"Partitioning of P1 plasmids by gradual distribution of the ATPase ParA","volume":"78","author":"Hatano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004009","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004009","article-title":"Competing ParA structures space bacterial plasmids equally over the nucleoid","volume":"10","author":"Ietswaart","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80359-1","article-title":"Subcellular distribution of actively partitioning F plasmid during the cell division cycle in E.\u00a0coli","volume":"90","author":"Niki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01611.x","article-title":"Subcellular localization of plasmids containing the oriC region of the Escherichia coli chromosome, with or without the sopABC partitioning system","volume":"34","author":"Niki","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4486","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.081075798","article-title":"Multicopy plasmids are clustered and localized in Escherichia coli","volume":"98","author":"Pogliano","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01245-09","article-title":"P1 plasmid segregation: accurate redistribution by dynamic plasmid pairing and separation","volume":"192","author":"Sengupta","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12017","article-title":"Surfing biological surfaces: exploiting the nucleoid for partition and transport in bacteria","volume":"86","author":"Vecchiarelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002145","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002145","article-title":"Filament depolymerization can explain chromosome pulling during bacterial mitosis","volume":"7","author":"Banigan","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLOS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2083","article-title":"A spindle-like apparatus guides bacterial chromosome segregation","volume":"12","author":"Ptacin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7600530","article-title":"Bacterial chromosome segregation: structure and DNA binding of the Soj dimer\u2014a conserved biological switch","volume":"24","author":"Leonard","year":"2005","journal-title":"EMBO\u00a0J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02758","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.02758","article-title":"Evidence for a DNA-relay mechanism in ParABS-mediated chromosome segregation","volume":"3","author":"Lim","year":"2014","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4880","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1401025111","article-title":"A propagating ATPase gradient drives transport of surface-confined cellular cargo","volume":"111","author":"Vecchiarelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E7055","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1505147112","article-title":"Directed and persistent movement arises from mechanochemistry of the ParA\/ParB system","volume":"112","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1390","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1302745110","article-title":"Cell-free study of F plasmid partition provides evidence for cargo transport by\u00a0a diffusion-ratchet mechanism","volume":"110","author":"Vecchiarelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"041909","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.73.041909","article-title":"Powering a burnt bridges Brownian ratchet: a model for an extracellular motor driven by proteolysis of collagen","volume":"73","author":"Saffarian","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P12008","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-5468\/2007\/12\/P12008","article-title":"Transport of molecular motor dimers in burnt-bridge models","volume":"2007","author":"Alexander Yu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Stat. Mech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2015.07.013","article-title":"Stochastic self-assembly of ParB proteins builds the bacterial DNA segregation apparatus","volume":"1","author":"Sanchez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12107","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12107","article-title":"Bacterial partition complexes segregate within the volume of the nucleoid","volume":"7","author":"Le Gall","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.242206.114","article-title":"ParB spreading requires DNA bridging","volume":"28","author":"Graham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5401.546","article-title":"Silencing of genes flanking the P1 plasmid centromere","volume":"283","author":"Rodionov","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.6.1896","article-title":"SopB protein-mediated silencing of genes linked to the sopC locus of Escherichia coli F plasmid","volume":"92","author":"Lynch","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.06066.x","article-title":"Intracellular mobility of plasmid DNA is limited by the ParA family of partitioning systems","volume":"67","author":"Derman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003956","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003956","article-title":"Defining the role of ATP hydrolysis in mitotic segregation of bacterial plasmids","volume":"9","author":"Ah-Seng","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plasmid.2004.12.009","article-title":"Partition-mediated plasmid pairing","volume":"53","author":"Funnell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plasmid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012611","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.93.012611","article-title":"Self-propulsion and interactions of catalytic particles in a chemically active medium","volume":"93","author":"Banigan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1006\/plas.2000.1512","article-title":"P1 and NR1 plasmid replication during the cell cycle of Escherichia coli","volume":"45","author":"Bogan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Plasmid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02543.x","article-title":"Random initiation of replication of plasmids P1 and F (oriS) when integrated into the Escherichia coli chromosome","volume":"20","author":"Eliasson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.179.4.1393-1399.1997","article-title":"Replication and segregation of a miniF plasmid during the division cycle of Escherichia coli","volume":"179","author":"Helmstetter","year":"1997","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3142","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.184.11.3142-3145.2002","article-title":"Behavior of sister copies of mini-F plasmid after synchronized plasmid replication in Escherichia coli cells","volume":"184","author":"Onogi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1186090","article-title":"Spatially ordered dynamics of the bacterial carbon fixation machinery","volume":"327","author":"Savage","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4977","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00989-14","article-title":"Nonperturbative imaging of nucleoid morphology in live bacterial cells during an antimicrobial peptide attack","volume":"80","author":"Bakshi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.2142\/biophysics.7.77","article-title":"Chemophoresis as a driving force for intracellular organization: theory and application to plasmid partitioning","volume":"7","author":"Sugawara","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biophysics (Nagoya-shi)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.4161\/19490992.2014.987581","article-title":"A moving ParA gradient on the nucleoid directs subcellular cargo transport via a chemophoresis force","volume":"4","author":"Vecchiarelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioArchitecture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E7268","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1616118113","article-title":"DNA-relay mechanism is sufficient to explain ParA-dependent intracellular transport and patterning of single and multiple cargos","volume":"113","author":"Surovtsev","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8209","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0600919103","article-title":"The positioning of cytoplasmic protein clusters in bacteria","volume":"103","author":"Thompson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01451-06","article-title":"Localization of the naturally occurring plasmid ColE1 at the cell pole","volume":"189","author":"Yao","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a000349","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a000349","article-title":"Bacterial chromosome organization and segregation","volume":"2","author":"Toro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3375","article-title":"Organization and segregation of bacterial chromosomes","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-110711-155421","article-title":"Chromosome replication and segregation in bacteria","volume":"46","author":"Reyes-Lamothe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2010.07314.x","article-title":"ATP control of dynamic P1 ParA-DNA interactions: a key role for the nucleoid in plasmid partition","volume":"78","author":"Vecchiarelli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.04.030","article-title":"Chromosomes progress to metaphase in multiple discrete steps via global compaction\/expansion cycles","volume":"161","author":"Liang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.51.4.381-395.1987","article-title":"Plasmid incompatibility","volume":"51","author":"Novick","year":"1987","journal-title":"Microbiol. Rev."}],"container-title":["Biophysical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006349517302552?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006349517302552?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,23]],"date-time":"2024-06-23T14:44:17Z","timestamp":1719153857000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006349517302552"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0006349517302552"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3495"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3495","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Brownian Ratchet Mechanism for Faithful Segregation of Low-Copy-Number Plasmids","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biophysical Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.02.039","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}