{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T20:07:50Z","timestamp":1778962070325,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["212304\/Z\/18\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["212304\/Z\/18\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C36195\/A26770"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C36195\/A26770"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"NIHR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biophysical Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T03:40:41Z","timestamp":1774582841000},"page":"2115-2121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimizing scheduling in dual-pulse nucleoside labeling experiments for cell-cycle analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Alastar","family":"Phelan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Constandina","family":"Pospori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Lo Celso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4363-9050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiu Fan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3674","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043674","article-title":"Basic Methods of Cell Cycle Analysis","volume":"24","author":"Ligasov\u00e1","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13030408","article-title":"Measuring S-Phase Duration from Asynchronous Cells Using Dual EdU-BrdU Pulse-Chase Labeling Flow Cytometry","volume":"13","author":"Bialic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13300","article-title":"Clonal selection in the germinal center by regulated proliferation and hypermutation","volume":"509","author":"Gitlin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20151682","article-title":"Ubiquitin-mediated fluctuations in MHC class II facilitate efficient germinal center B cell responses","volume":"213","author":"Bannard","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02376-5","article-title":"Proliferation dynamics of acute myeloid leukaemia and haematopoietic progenitors competing for bone marrow space","volume":"9","author":"Akinduro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6077","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erw367","article-title":"A flow cytometric method for estimating S-phase duration in plants","volume":"67","author":"Mickelson-Young","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(63)90209-X","article-title":"A 14C- and 3H-thymidine double labeling technique in the study of cell proliferation in Tradescantia root tips","volume":"30","author":"Wimber","year":"1963","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.20582","article-title":"A novel method based on click chemistry, which overcomes limitations of cell cycle analysis by classical determination of BrdU incorporation, allowing multiplex antibody staining","volume":"73","author":"Cappella","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cytometry. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2184.1995.tb00043.x","article-title":"A stochastic model for dual label experiments: an analysis of the heterogeneity of S phase duration","volume":"28","author":"Kroll","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell Prolif."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2452","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22689-w","article-title":"Automatic synchronisation of the cell cycle in budding yeast through closed-loop feedback control","volume":"12","author":"Perrino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Quantifying cell cycle regulation by tissue crowding","volume":"123","author":"Falc\u00f3","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2005.04.005","article-title":"Foxg1 is required for specification of ventral telencephalon and region-specific regulation of dorsal telencephalic precursor proliferation and apoptosis","volume":"283","author":"Martynoga","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2006.08.020","article-title":"Identification and characterization of leukemia stem cells in murine MLL-AF9 acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"10","author":"Somervaille","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/s41540-024-00397-7","article-title":"A comprehensive review of computational cell cycle models in guiding cancer treatment strategies","volume":"10","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"npj Syst. Biol. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-018-9761-8","article-title":"BrdU\/EdU dual labeling to determine the cell-cycle dynamics of defined cellular subpopulations","volume":"49","author":"Harris","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mol. Histol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2905","DOI":"10.1007\/s11538-017-0356-4","article-title":"A Multi-stage Representation of Cell Proliferation as a Markov Process","volume":"79","author":"Yates","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bull. Math. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2016.09.018","article-title":"Positive Feedback Keeps Duration of Mitosis Temporally Insulated from Upstream Cell-Cycle Events","volume":"64","author":"Araujo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003616","article-title":"Quantifying the Length and Variance of the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle Phases by a Stochastic Model and Dual Nucleoside Pulse Labelling","volume":"10","author":"Weber","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib19","article-title":"CycleFlow simultaneously quantifies cell-cycle phase lengths and quiescence in vivo","volume":"2","author":"Jolly","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.12.004","article-title":"A Temporal Switch in the Germinal Center Determines Differential Output of Memory B and Plasma Cells","volume":"44","author":"Weisel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.990160108","article-title":"Tumor Cell Kinetics Using Two Labels and Flow Cytometry","volume":"16","author":"Ritter","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cytometry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12060885","article-title":"Methods for Inferring Cell Cycle Parameters Using Thymidine Analogues","volume":"12","author":"Mart\u00ed-Cl\u00faa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11050718","article-title":"S Phase Duration Is Determined by Local Rate and Global Organization of Replication","volume":"11","author":"Greenberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.107804","article-title":"Resolving Cell Cycle Speed in One Snapshot with a Live-Cell Fluorescent Reporter","volume":"31","author":"Eastman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V90.6.2293","article-title":"Cell cycle analysis and synchronization of pluripotent hematopoietic progenitor stem cells","volume":"90","author":"Reddy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physchem.58.032806.104637","article-title":"Stochastic Simulation of Chemical Kinetics","volume":"58","author":"Gillespie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2015.016","article-title":"Cell cycle staging of individual cells by fluorescence microscopy","volume":"10","author":"Roukos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1013570","article-title":"Model-based inference of cell cycle dynamics captures alternations of the DNA replication programme","volume":"21","author":"Alsina","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3390\/mps3030050","article-title":"Multiplex Cell Fate Tracking by Flow Cytometry","volume":"3","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Methods Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.74.051907","article-title":"Coexistence versus extinction in the stochastic cyclic Lotka-Volterra model","volume":"74","author":"Reichenbach","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.85.051903","article-title":"Extinction in neutrally stable stochastic Lotka-Volterra models","volume":"85","author":"Dobrinevski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib32","first-page":"72","article-title":"Why Do Cells Cycle with a 24 Hour Period?","volume":"17","author":"Bernard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genome Informatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3278440","article-title":"Transition times in the low-noise limit of stochastic dynamics","volume":"132","author":"Malinin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1751-8121\/aa54d9","article-title":"Approximation and inference methods for stochastic biochemical kinetics\u2014a tutorial review","volume":"50","author":"Schnoerr","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Phys. A: Math. Theor."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib35","series-title":"The Cell: A Molecular Approach","author":"Cooper","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049_bib36","article-title":"Information sensitivity functions to assess parameter information gain and identifiability of dynamical systems","volume":"15","author":"Pant","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"}],"container-title":["Biophysical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000634952600233X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000634952600233X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T19:30:52Z","timestamp":1778959852000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S000634952600233X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S000634952600233X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3495"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3495","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Optimizing scheduling in dual-pulse nucleoside labeling experiments for cell-cycle analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biophysical Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpj.2026.03.049","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown Copyright \u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Biophysical Society.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}