{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T22:38:22Z","timestamp":1792276702827,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]],"date-time":"2008-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1217548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,27]],"date-time":"2008-03-27T14:28:31Z","timestamp":1206628111000},"page":"615-626","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":162,"title":["Clinical presentation of fibroids"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Sahana","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jude","family":"Jose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaac","family":"Manyonda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.01.093","article-title":"Etiology, symptomatology, and diagnosis of uterine myomas","volume":"87","author":"Parker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-200106000-00022","article-title":"Clinical symptomatology of uterine leiomyomas","volume":"44","author":"Stovall","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.1993.11945710","article-title":"The facts about fibroids","volume":"9","author":"Christiansen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib4","series-title":"Current Obstetric and Gynaecologic Diagnosis and Treatment","first-page":"732","article-title":"Benign disorders of the uterine corpus","author":"Lacey","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib5","first-page":"720","article-title":"Treatment of leiomyomata uteri with leuprolide acetate depot: a double blind placebo controlled multicentre study","volume":"77","author":"Friedman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2005.12.002","article-title":"Clinical features of myomas","volume":"33","author":"Bukulmez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obstet Gynaecol Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1080\/01443610410001685600","article-title":"Are the anticipated benefits of myomectomy achieved in women of reproductive age? A five year review of the results at a tertiary hospital","volume":"24","author":"Olufowobi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.99","article-title":"High cumulative incidence of leiomyoma in black and white women: ultrasound evidence","volume":"188","author":"Day Baird","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib9","first-page":"483","article-title":"Uterine leiomyomas: racial differences in severity, symptoms and age at diagnosis","volume":"41","author":"Kjerulff","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00534-6","article-title":"Variation in the incidence of uterine leiomyoma among premenopausal women by age and race","volume":"90","author":"Marshall","year":"1997","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-3552(98)80060-6","article-title":"Clinical presentation of uterine fibroids","volume":"12","author":"Lumsden","year":"1998","journal-title":"Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib12","first-page":"158","article-title":"Uterine fibroids: clinical presentation and management in a Nigerian teaching hospital","volume":"85","author":"Ozumba","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ir Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.5787","article-title":"Etiology and pathogenesis of uterine leiomyomas: a review","volume":"111","author":"Flake","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03622-9","article-title":"Uterine fibroids","volume":"357","author":"Stewart","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib15","first-page":"295","article-title":"Sonohysterography in premenopausal women with and without abnormal bleeding","volume":"2","author":"Clevenger-Hoeft","year":"1999","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.08.008","article-title":"Abnormal uterine bleeding and underlying haemostatic disorders: report of a consensus process","volume":"84","author":"Munro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2350","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh407","article-title":"Uterine leiomyomata and menstrual cycle characteristics in a population-based cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Marino","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(02)03121-6","article-title":"Self-reported heavy bleeding associated with uterine leiomyomata","volume":"101","author":"Wegienka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib19","first-page":"21","article-title":"The mechanism of uterine bleeding in the presence of fibromyomas","volume":"26","author":"Sehgal","year":"1960","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1970.tb03439.x","article-title":"The vascular pattern in myomatous uteri","volume":"77","author":"Farrer-Brown","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib21","first-page":"743","article-title":"Venous changes in endometrium of myomatous uteri","volume":"38","author":"Farrer-Brown","year":"1971","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-13723","article-title":"Anatomic factors associated with recurrent pregnancy loss","volume":"18","author":"Propst","year":"2000","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/2.4.295","article-title":"Leiomyoma-related bleeding: a classic hypothesis updated for the molecular era","volume":"2","author":"Stewart","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00172-N","article-title":"Abnormal uterine bleeding on hormone replacement: the importance of intrauterine structural abnormalities","volume":"86","author":"Akkad","year":"1995","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(03)02207-6","article-title":"Uterine fibroids and gynaecologic pain symptoms in a population based study","volume":"80","author":"Lippman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000136079.62513.39","article-title":"Uterine myomas: an overview of development, clinical features, and management","volume":"104","author":"Wallach","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib27","series-title":"Essentials of Obstetrics and Gynaecology","first-page":"272","article-title":"Benign diseases of the uterus","author":"Moore","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1995.tb139967.x","article-title":"Is there any value in bimanual pelvic examination as a screening test","volume":"162","author":"Grover","year":"1995","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(90)90672-T","article-title":"The effect of large uterine fibroids on urinary bladder function and symptoms","volume":"163","author":"Langer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)04538-7","article-title":"The Ontario Uterine Embolization Trial. Part 2. Uterine fibroid reduction and symptom relief after uterine artery embolization for fibroids","volume":"79","author":"Pron","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib31","first-page":"S111","article-title":"Myomas and reproductive function","volume":"82","author":"Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib32","first-page":"433","article-title":"Uterine leiomyomata: etiology, symptomatology, and management","volume":"36","author":"Buttram","year":"1982","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.7.1489","article-title":"Hysteroscopic resection of submucosal myomas in patients with infertility","volume":"16","author":"Fernandez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1335.010","article-title":"Myomas, pregnancy outcome, and in vitro fertilization","volume":"1034","author":"Bulletti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.1031","article-title":"Outcome of pregnancies in women with uterine leiomyomas identified by sonography in the first trimester","volume":"29","author":"Benson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)45789-4","article-title":"Uterine leiomyomata: etiology, symptomatology, and management","volume":"36","author":"Buttram","year":"1981","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-0528.2003.00002.x","article-title":"Controversies and challenges in the modern management of uterine fibroids","volume":"111","author":"Manyonda","year":"2004","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.164.2.3299488","article-title":"Leiomyomas in pregnancy: sonographic study","volume":"164","author":"Lev-Toaff","year":"1987","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-994554","article-title":"Do uterine leiomyomas influence pregnancy outcome?","volume":"11","author":"Vergani","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000196806.25897.7c","article-title":"Obstetric outcome in women with sonographically detected uterine leiomyomata","volume":"107","author":"Qidwai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(99)00605-5","article-title":"Complications in pregnancy, labor and delivery with uterine leiomyomas: a population based study","volume":"95","author":"Coronado","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(66)90064-0","article-title":"Rupture of the gravid uterus in the third trimester","volume":"94","author":"Palerme","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib43","first-page":"898","article-title":"Uterine rupture during pregnancy. An analysis of 133 patients","volume":"23","author":"Garnet","year":"1964","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70110-8","article-title":"Spontaneous uterine rupture at thirty three weeks subsequent to previous superficial myomectomy","volume":"177","author":"Pelosi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2180","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.8.2180","article-title":"Uterine dehiscence in a nullipara, diagnosed by MRI, following use of unipolar electrocautery during laparoscopic myomectomy: a case report","volume":"17","author":"Hasbergen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-3804(05)60020-5","article-title":"Uterine rupture after laparoscopic myomectomy","volume":"11","author":"Lieng","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib47","first-page":"1475","article-title":"Uterine rupture during pregnancy after laparoscopic myomectomy","volume":"10","author":"Dubuisson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib48","first-page":"545","article-title":"Uterine dehiscence following laparoscopic myomectomy","volume":"80","author":"Harris","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib49","first-page":"139","article-title":"Spontaneous uterine rupture in the early third trimester after laparoscopically assisted myomectomy. A case report","volume":"45","author":"Hockstein","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-3804(13)60006-7","article-title":"Spontaneous uterine rupture in pregnancy 8 years after laparoscopic myomectomy","volume":"8","author":"Oktem","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1272\/jnms.71.69","article-title":"A case report: change in fetal heart rate pattern on spontaneous uterine rupture at 35 weeks gestation after laparoscopically assisted myomectomy","volume":"71","author":"Asakura","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Nippon Med Sch"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2005.00331.x","article-title":"Spontaneous uterine rupture at 35 weeks' gestation, 3 years after laparoscopic myomectomy, without signs of fetal distress","volume":"31","author":"Banas","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib53","first-page":"479","article-title":"Spontaneous uterine rupture in the third trimester of gestation after laparoscopic myomectomy. A case report","volume":"56","author":"Grande","year":"2004","journal-title":"Minerva Ginecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.11.075","article-title":"Obstetric and delivery outcome of pregnancies achieved after laparoscopic myomectomy","volume":"86","author":"Seracchioli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib55","first-page":"923","article-title":"Cytogenetic abnormalities in uterine leiomyomata","volume":"77","author":"Rein","year":"1991","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-4608(00)00225-9","article-title":"Molecular cytogenetic analysis of uterine leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma by comparative genomic hybridization","volume":"121","author":"Levy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Genet Cytogenet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(65)90395-9","article-title":"Sarcoma arising in a leiomyoma of the uterus: factors influencing prognosis","volume":"92","author":"Montague","year":"1965","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(58)90563-5","article-title":"Leiomyosarcoma of the uterus","volume":"75","author":"Corscaden","year":"1958","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib59","first-page":"414","article-title":"Uterine sarcoma in patients operated on for presumed leiomyoma and rapidly growing leiomyoma","volume":"83","author":"Parker","year":"1994","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(95)02533-I","article-title":"Familial predisposition to uterine leiomyomas","volume":"51","author":"Vikhlyaeva","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"issue":"Suppl. 5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.00108s5821","article-title":"Epidemiologic contributions to understanding the etiology of uterine leiomyomata","volume":"108","author":"Schwartz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555553409416","article-title":"Cutaneous leiomyomata with uterine leiomyomata","volume":"53","author":"Reed","year":"1973","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venerol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1038\/ng849","article-title":"Germline mutations in FH predispose to dominantly inherited uterine fibroids, skin leiomyomata and papillary renal cell cancer","volume":"30","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1112063","article-title":"Uterine fibroids: the elephant in the room","volume":"308","author":"Walker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521693408000217?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521693408000217?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T09:18:17Z","timestamp":1684315097000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521693408000217"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521693408000217"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-6934"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-6934","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]}}}