{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T22:15:43Z","timestamp":1792880143622,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":153,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]],"date-time":"2008-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1217548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,5]],"date-time":"2008-06-05T08:48:32Z","timestamp":1212655712000},"page":"571-588","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":360,"title":["Incidence, aetiology and epidemiology of uterine fibroids"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Stanley","family":"Okolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib1","first-page":"275","article-title":"Uterine leiomyomata \u2013 aetiology, symptomatology and management","volume":"225","author":"Buttram","year":"1986","journal-title":"Prog Clin Biol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/94.4.435","article-title":"The frequency of uterine leiomyomas","volume":"94","author":"Cramer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00534-6","article-title":"Variation in the incidence of uterine leiomyoma among premenopausal women by age and race","volume":"90","author":"Marshall","year":"1997","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.99","article-title":"High cumulative incidence of uterine leiomyoma in black and white women: ultrasound evidence","volume":"188","author":"Day","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh016","article-title":"Reproductive factors, hormonal contraception, and risk of uterine leiomyomata in African-American women: a prospective study","volume":"159","author":"Wise","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(15)30365-3","article-title":"Unicellular histogenesis of uterine leiomyomas as determined by electrophoresis by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase","volume":"107","author":"Townsend","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1159\/000292336","article-title":"Clonal determination of uterine leiomyomas by analyzing differential inactivation of the X-chromosome-linked phosphoglycerokinase gene","volume":"40","author":"Hashimoto","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1659742","article-title":"Growth factors and cancer","volume":"254","author":"Aaronson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072331","article-title":"Epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor alpha","volume":"45","author":"Burgess","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555553409416","article-title":"Cutaneous leiomyomata with uterine leiomyomata","volume":"53","author":"Reed","year":"1973","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1086\/320124","article-title":"Localization of a gene (MCUL1) for multiple cutaneous leiomyomata and uterine fibroids to chromosome 1q42.3-q43","volume":"68","author":"Alam","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06678.x","article-title":"Fumarate hydratase mutations and predisposition to cutaneous leiomyomas, uterine leiomyomas and renal cancer","volume":"153","author":"Alam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1038\/ng849","article-title":"Germline mutations in FH predispose to dominantly inherited uterine fibroids, skin leiomyomata and papillary renal cell cancer","volume":"30","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddi431","article-title":"Distinct expression profile in fumarate-hydratase-deficient uterine fibroids","volume":"15","author":"Vanharanta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib15","first-page":"7","article-title":"Profiles of non-cancer diseases in atomic bomb survivors","volume":"49","author":"Kodama","year":"1996","journal-title":"World Health Stat Q"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.2307\/3579491","article-title":"Prevalence of uterine myoma detected by ultrasound examination in the atomic bomb survivors","volume":"147","author":"Kawamura","year":"1997","journal-title":"Radiat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.2307\/3578884","article-title":"Noncancer disease incidence in the atomic bomb survivors: 1958\u20131986","volume":"135","author":"Wong","year":"1993","journal-title":"Radiat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1667\/RR3183","article-title":"Noncancer disease incidence in atomic bomb survivors, 1958\u20131998","volume":"161","author":"Yamada","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.2870110102","article-title":"Analysis of androgen receptor DNA reveals the independent clonal origins of uterine leiomyomata and the secondary nature of cytogenetic aberrations in the development of leiomyomata","volume":"11","author":"Mashal","year":"1994","journal-title":"Genes Chromosomes Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/2.4.277","article-title":"Rearrangements of the high mobility group protein family genes and the molecular genetic origin of uterine leiomyomas and endometrial polyps","volume":"2","author":"Hennig","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.2870110409","article-title":"Physical mapping of the uterine leiomyoma t(12; 14)(q13-15; q24.1) breakpoint on chromosome 14 between SPTB and D14S77","volume":"11","author":"Hug","year":"1994","journal-title":"Genes Chromosomes Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-4608(93)90045-N","article-title":"Chromosome 7 biclonality in uterine leiomyoma","volume":"67","author":"Ozisik","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer Genet Cytogenet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-4608(94)90151-1","article-title":"Translocations in 7q22 define a critical region in uterine leiomyomata","volume":"77","author":"Sargent","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer Genet Cytogenet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/1071-5576(95)00021-6","article-title":"Abnormal gene expression in uterine leiomyomas","volume":"2","author":"Andersen","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Soc Gynecol Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(97)00472-X","article-title":"Clinical significance of cytogenetic abnormalities in uterine myomas","volume":"69","author":"Brosens","year":"1998","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1994.1194","article-title":"p53 alterations in uterine leiomyosarcomas versus leiomyomas","volume":"54","author":"de Vos","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2355","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1201076","article-title":"Loss of heterozygosity and reduced expression of the CUTL1 gene in uterine leiomyomas","volume":"14","author":"Zeng","year":"1997","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/j.8755-8920.2000.430110.x","article-title":"Decreased expression of mac25 mRNA in uterine leiomyomata compared with adjacent myometrium","volume":"43","author":"Kim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(98)00072-7","article-title":"Expression and hormonal regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in myometrium and leiomyomata","volume":"69","author":"Sozen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(92)91707-H","article-title":"Treatment of uterine fibroids: current findings with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists","volume":"166","author":"Adamson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-198701000-00001","article-title":"Therapeutic uses of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs","volume":"42","author":"Andreyko","year":"1987","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(90)90667-V","article-title":"Efficacy and safety considerations in women with uterine leiomyomas treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists: the estrogen threshold hypothesis","volume":"163","author":"Friedman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(89)80046-8","article-title":"Mitotic activity in uterine leiomyomas during the menstrual cycle","volume":"160","author":"Kawaguchi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.80.6.1876","article-title":"Estrogen receptor gene expression in human uterine leiomyomata","volume":"80","author":"Brandon","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/1071-5576(94)00053-4","article-title":"Leiomyoma primary cultures have elevated transcriptional response to estrogen compared with autologous myometrial cultures","volume":"2","author":"Andersen","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Soc Gynecol Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib36","first-page":"503","article-title":"Estrogen and progesterone binding proteins in normal human myometrium and leiomyoma tissue","volume":"16","author":"Pollow","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Clin Chem Clin Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib37","first-page":"1568","article-title":"Rodent model of reproductive tract leiomyomata. Establishment and characterization of tumor-derived cell lines","volume":"146","author":"Howe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1995.tb31396.x","article-title":"Estrogen\/antiestrogen responsiveness in an in vivo\/in vitro model for myometrial tumorigenesis","volume":"761","author":"Howe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod63.5.1322","article-title":"Altered hormonal responsiveness of proliferation and apoptosis during myometrial maturation and the development of uterine leiomyomas in the rat","volume":"63","author":"Burroughs","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib40","first-page":"3090","article-title":"Estrogen receptor activation via activation function 2 predicts agonism of xenoestrogens in normal and neoplastic cells of the uterine myometrium","volume":"59","author":"Hunter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"Suppl. 5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.00108s5829","article-title":"Influence of exogenous estrogen receptor ligands on uterine leiomyoma: evidence from an in vitro\/in vivo animal model for uterine fibroids","volume":"108","author":"Hunter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1210\/en.138.3.863","article-title":"Comparison of the ligand binding specificity and transcript tissue distribution of estrogen receptors alpha and beta","volume":"138","author":"Kuiper","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2690","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.7.2690","article-title":"Genistein, a dietary-derived inhibitor of in vitro angiogenesis","volume":"90","author":"Fotsis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01606522","article-title":"Immunohistochemical analysis of oestrogen receptors, progesterone receptors and Ki-67 in leiomyoma and myometrium during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy","volume":"419","author":"Kawaguchi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/00004347-198506000-00001","article-title":"The effect of progestins on the mitotic activity of uterine fibromyomas","volume":"4","author":"Tiltman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90135-6","article-title":"Progesterone receptor messenger ribonucleic acid and protein are overexpressed in human uterine leiomyomas","volume":"169","author":"Brandon","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.83.6.2192","article-title":"Up-regulation by progesterone of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and epidermal growth factor expression in human uterine leiomyoma","volume":"83","author":"Shimomura","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1159\/000055275","article-title":"Molecular bases for the actions of ovarian sex steroids in the regulation of proliferation and apoptosis of human uterine leiomyoma","volume":"57","author":"Matsuo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1210\/me.13.6.806","article-title":"Regulation of angiogenic growth factors in the female reproductive tract by estrogens and progestins","volume":"13","author":"Hyder","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.00108s5795","article-title":"Immunohistochemical localization of growth factors and their receptors in uterine leiomyomas and matched myometrium","volume":"108","author":"Dixon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10931","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)49853-0","article-title":"Angiogenesis","volume":"267","author":"Folkman","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20010096","article-title":"Quantification of vascular endothelial growth factor-A in leiomyomas and adjacent myometrium","volume":"101","author":"Gentry","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137937","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor (IGF), IGF binding protein (IGFBP), and IGF receptor gene expression and IGFBP synthesis in human uterine leiomyomata","volume":"8","author":"Giudice","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90346-1","article-title":"Growth hormone receptor messenger ribonucleic acid expression in leiomyoma and surrounding myometrium","volume":"173","author":"Sharara","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041570107","article-title":"Vascular smooth muscle cells synthesize two forms of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins which are regulated differently by the insulin-like growth factors","volume":"157","author":"Cohick","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1720083","article-title":"Dysregulation of IGF-I signaling in uterine leiomyoma","volume":"172","author":"Burroughs","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(08)60148-5","article-title":"Autoregulation of angiogenesis by cells of the vessel wall","volume":"185","author":"Nicosia","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int Rev Cytol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6199844","article-title":"Heparin affinity: purification of a tumor-derived capillary endothelial cell growth factor","volume":"223","author":"Shing","year":"1984","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib59","first-page":"508","article-title":"Synergistic effects of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor on the proliferation and cord formation of bovine capillary endothelial cells within collagen gels","volume":"69","author":"Goto","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1995.82.5.0864","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor in human glioma cell lines: induced secretion by EGF, PDGF-BB, and bFGF","volume":"82","author":"Tsai","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod53.3.636","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of heparin-binding growth factors in human leiomyomas and normal myometrium","volume":"53","author":"Mangrulkar","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/3.8.685","article-title":"Expression of the fibroblast growth factor receptor in women with leiomyomas and abnormal uterine bleeding","volume":"3","author":"Anania","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90284-8","article-title":"Mitogenic effect of basic fibroblast growth factor and estradiol on cultured human myometrial and leiomyoma cells","volume":"173","author":"Rauk","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib64","first-page":"108","article-title":"Platelet-derived growth factor receptor (beta-subunit) immunoreactivity in soft tissue tumors","volume":"66","author":"Palman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.1080270203","article-title":"Expression of the insulin-like and platelet-derived growth factor genes in human uterine tissues","volume":"27","author":"Boehm","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(86)90733-6","article-title":"The biology of platelet-derived growth factor","volume":"46","author":"Ross","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.118","article-title":"Expression, menstrual cycle-dependent activation, and bimodal mitogenic effect of transforming growth factor-beta1 in human myometrium and leiomyoma","volume":"188","author":"Arici","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib68","first-page":"30","article-title":"Human uterine leiomyoma cells: binding and growth responses to epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and insulin","volume":"60","author":"Fayed","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4652(2000)9999:999<000::AID-JCP1040>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"17-beta estradiol elicits an autocrine leiomyoma cell proliferation: evidence for a stimulation of protein kinase-dependent pathway","volume":"186","author":"Barbarisi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.80.6.1853","article-title":"Localization and quantification of vascular endothelial growth factor messenger ribonucleic acid in human myometrium and leiomyomata","volume":"80","author":"Harrison-Woolrych","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-58-5-880","article-title":"Binding sites for epidermal growth factor in human uterine tissues and leiomyomas","volume":"58","author":"Hofmann","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1159\/000292319","article-title":"Epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta in uterine fibroids and myometrium","volume":"40","author":"Vollenhoven","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib73","first-page":"658","article-title":"Binding of epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor I in human myometrium and leiomyomata","volume":"74","author":"Tommola","year":"1989","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-2993(00)80028-7","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-alpha, epidermal growth factor receptor, and PCNA immunoexpression in uterine leiomyosarcomas and leiomyomas in B6C3F1 mice","volume":"52","author":"Moore","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(86)90747-6","article-title":"Expression in rat fibroblasts of a human transforming growth factor-alpha cDNA results in transformation","volume":"46","author":"Rosenthal","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.12.059","article-title":"A new hypothesis about the origin of uterine fibroids based on gene expression profiling with microarrays","volume":"195","author":"Leppert","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(00)00418-0","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta3 is expressed at high levels in leiomyoma where it stimulates fibronectin expression and cell proliferation","volume":"73","author":"Arici","year":"2000","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.2.913","article-title":"Human leiomyoma smooth muscle cells show increased expression of transforming growth factor-beta 3 (TGF beta 3) and altered responses to the antiproliferative effects of TGF beta","volume":"86","author":"Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-1377","article-title":"Gene expression profiling of leiomyoma and myometrial smooth muscle cells in response to transforming growth factor-beta","volume":"146","author":"Luo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63122-7","article-title":"A mouse model of uterine leiomyosarcoma","volume":"164","author":"Politi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib81","first-page":"1029","article-title":"Vascular permeability factor\/vascular endothelial growth factor, microvascular hyperpermeability, and angiogenesis","volume":"146","author":"Dvorak","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-59953-8_1","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor: molecular and biological aspects","volume":"237","author":"Ferrara","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib83","first-page":"392","article-title":"Progestin regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in human breast cancer cells","volume":"58","author":"Hyder","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib84","first-page":"245","article-title":"Uterine smooth muscle cells express functional receptors (flt-1 and KDR) for vascular permeability factor\/vascular endothelial growth factor","volume":"76","author":"Brown","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod48.5.1120","article-title":"Identification and localization of alternately spliced mRNAs for vascular endothelial growth factor in human uterus and estrogen regulation in endometrial carcinoma cell lines","volume":"48","author":"Charnock-Jones","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(94)90466-9","article-title":"Cyclic changes in endometrial tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 in women with normal menstruation and essential menorrhagia","volume":"171","author":"Gleeson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib87","first-page":"2547","article-title":"Selective inhibition of estrogen-regulated gene expression in vivo by the pure antiestrogen ICI 182,780","volume":"57","author":"Hyder","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)34958-4","article-title":"Synthetic estrogen 17alpha-ethinyl estradiol induces pattern of uterine gene expression similar to endogenous estrogen 17beta-estradiol","volume":"290","author":"Hyder","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"Suppl. 5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.00108s5785","article-title":"Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression by estrogens and progestins","volume":"108","author":"Hyder","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(99)00003-9","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factors are differentially regulated by steroid hormones and antiestrogens in breast cancer cells","volume":"149","author":"Ruohola","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3112","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.81.8.3112","article-title":"Ovarian steroid regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in the human endometrium: implications for angiogenesis during the menstrual cycle and in the pathogenesis of endometriosis","volume":"81","author":"Shifren","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.133.2.275","article-title":"Isolation of a tumor factor responsible for angiogenesis","volume":"133","author":"Folkman","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.129.4.895","article-title":"Endothelial receptor tyrosine kinases involved in angiogenesis","volume":"129","author":"Mustonen","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-0348-7001-6_14","article-title":"Tumor angiogenesis: evidence of new blood channels from plasma infiltrations","volume":"61","author":"Freitas","year":"1992","journal-title":"Experientia Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6624","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.17.6624","article-title":"A tumor suppressor-dependent inhibitor of angiogenesis is immunologically and functionally indistinguishable from a fragment of thrombospondin","volume":"87","author":"Good","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1460447","article-title":"Down-regulation of proliferation and up-regulation of apoptosis by gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in cultured uterine leiomyoma cells","volume":"146","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.82.1.293","article-title":"Increased expression of Bcl-2 protein in human uterine leiomyoma and its up-regulation by progesterone","volume":"82","author":"Matsuo","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-0760(01)00177-7","article-title":"Expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-x, Mcl-1, Bax and Bak in human uterine leiomyomas and myometrium during the menstrual cycle and after menopause","volume":"80","author":"Wu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.5.2275","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression in human uterine leiomyoma and its down-regulation by progesterone","volume":"86","author":"Kurachi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19990201)55:3<269::AID-JNR1>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"Nerve growth factor inhibits apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor in PC12 cells","volume":"55","author":"Haviv","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3915","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.87.8.3915","article-title":"p53 Tumor suppressor protein content in human uterine leiomyomas and its down-regulation by 17 beta-estradiol","volume":"87","author":"Gao","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.140","article-title":"Increased expression of cyclin G1 in leiomyoma compared with normal myometrium","volume":"188","author":"Baek","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib103","first-page":"483","article-title":"Uterine leiomyomas. Racial differences in severity, symptoms and age at diagnosis","volume":"41","author":"Kjerulff","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei049","article-title":"Familial prevalence of uterine fibroids is associated with distinct clinical and molecular features","volume":"20","author":"Okolo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.01.052","article-title":"Ethnic distribution of estrogen receptor-alpha polymorphism is associated with a higher prevalence of uterine leiomyomas in black Americans","volume":"86","author":"Al Hendy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-5-34","article-title":"Genomic and proteomic profiling I: leiomyomas in African Americans and Caucasians","volume":"5","author":"Pan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-5576(02)00253-8","article-title":"Ethnic variations in uterine leiomyoma biology are not caused by differences in myometrial estrogen receptor alpha levels","volume":"10","author":"Amant","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Soc Gynecol Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei309","article-title":"Ethnic differences in expression of the dysregulated proteins in uterine leiomyomata","volume":"21","author":"Wei","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-200106000-00020","article-title":"Genetics and the development of fibroids","volume":"44","author":"Gross","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib110","first-page":"1122","article-title":"Genetic analysis of the predisposition to uterine myoma. Prevalence and morbidity","volume":"25","author":"Kurbanova","year":"1989","journal-title":"Genetika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib111","first-page":"1896","article-title":"Genetic-epidemiologic analysis of uterine myoma: assessment of repeated risk","volume":"25","author":"Kurbanova","year":"1989","journal-title":"Genetika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(95)02533-I","article-title":"Familial predisposition to uterine leiomyomas","volume":"51","author":"Vikhlyaeva","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5122(00)00160-2","article-title":"Heritability and risk factors of uterine fibroids \u2013 the Finnish Twin Cohort study","volume":"37","author":"Luoto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(11)91632-9","article-title":"Pathways to hysterectomy: insights from longitudinal twin research","volume":"167","author":"Treloar","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.83.6.1875","article-title":"Genes control the cessation of a woman's reproductive life: a twin study of hysterectomy and age at menopause","volume":"83","author":"Snieder","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1097\/00004347-199804000-00015","article-title":"Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata, endometriosis, and multicystic mesothelioma: an unusual association","volume":"17","author":"Zotalis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1999.tb08409.x","article-title":"Use of oral contraceptives and uterine fibroids: results from a case\u2013control study","volume":"106","author":"Chiaffarino","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/153.1.1","article-title":"Risk factors for uterine leiomyoma: a practice-based case\u2013control study. I. African-American heritage, reproductive history, body size, and smoking","volume":"153","author":"Faerstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1996.tb09911.x","article-title":"Protective effect of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate on surgically treated uterine leiomyomas: a multicentre case\u2013control study","volume":"103","author":"Lumbiganon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(98)00208-8","article-title":"A prospective study of reproductive factors and oral contraceptive use in relation to the risk of uterine leiomyomata","volume":"70","author":"Marshall","year":"1998","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-198812000-00008","article-title":"Epidemiologic characteristics of women with uterine fibroids: a case\u2013control study","volume":"72","author":"Parazzini","year":"1988","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199607000-00018","article-title":"Reproductive factors and risk of uterine fibroids","volume":"7","author":"Parazzini","year":"1996","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.293.6543.359","article-title":"Risk factors for uterine fibroids: reduced risk associated with oral contraceptives","volume":"293","author":"Ross","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.86.6.858","article-title":"Risk factors for self-reported uterine fibroids: a case\u2013control study","volume":"86","author":"Samadi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/153.1.20","article-title":"Risk factors for uterine fibroids among women undergoing tubal sterilization","volume":"153","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib126","first-page":"829","article-title":"Plasma growth hormone and estradiol levels in women with uterine myomas","volume":"40","author":"Spellacy","year":"1972","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsgi.2005.12.001","article-title":"Luteinizing hormone in premenopausal women may stimulate uterine leiomyomata development","volume":"13","author":"Baird","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Soc Gynecol Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.0.1210835","article-title":"Actions of gonadotrophins on the uterus","volume":"121","author":"Shemesh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-5576(01)00136-8","article-title":"Gonadotropins and the uterus: is there a gonad-independent pathway?","volume":"8","author":"Stewart","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Soc Gynecol Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)61729-4","article-title":"Luteinizing hormone affects uterine receptivity independently of ovarian function","volume":"7","author":"Tesarik","year":"2003","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.11.012","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome and risk of uterine leiomyomata","volume":"87","author":"Wise","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2006.04.003","article-title":"Volume change of uterine myomas during pregnancy: do myomas really grow?","volume":"13","author":"Hammoud","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Minim Invas Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ogx.0000154688.02423.68","article-title":"Fibroids in pregnancy \u2013 common but poorly understood","volume":"60","author":"Cooper","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib134","first-page":"671","article-title":"Pregnancy-related changes in the size of uterine leiomyomas","volume":"51","author":"Neiger","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Reprod Med"},{"issue":"Suppl. 5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.00108s5817","article-title":"Pregnancy, parturition, and prostaglandins: defining uterine leiomyomas","volume":"108","author":"Cesen-Cummings","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-5576(02)00191-0","article-title":"Uterine leiomyomas express myometrial contractile-associated proteins involved in pregnancy-related hormone signaling","volume":"10","author":"Cesen-Cummings","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Soc Gynecol Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(87)80159-X","article-title":"Age-related changes in the female hormonal environment during reproductive life","volume":"157","author":"Musey","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-64-1-111","article-title":"Long term effects of a first pregnancy on the hormonal environment: estrogens and androgens","volume":"64","author":"Musey","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198701293160501","article-title":"Long-term effect of a first pregnancy on the secretion of prolactin","volume":"316","author":"Musey","year":"1987","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/22.12.2049","article-title":"Protective effect of pregnancy for development of uterine leiomyoma","volume":"22","author":"Walker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(97)00201-1","article-title":"Oral contraceptive use and benign gynecologic conditions. A review","volume":"57","author":"Chiaffarino","year":"1998","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00007-E","article-title":"Does low-dose combination oral contraceptive use affect uterine size or menstrual flow in premenopausal women with leiomyomas?","volume":"85","author":"Friedman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.11.004","article-title":"Uterine volume and menstrual patterns in users of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system with idiopathic menorrhagia or menorrhagia due to leiomyomas","volume":"75","author":"Magalhaes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib144","first-page":"251","article-title":"Relationship between obesity and uterine leiomyomata","volume":"7","author":"Shikora","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.128.5.750","article-title":"Hypertension, obesity, and fibromyomata uteri, as a syndrome","volume":"128","author":"Summers","year":"1971","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000158742.11877.99","article-title":"Influence of body size and body fat distribution on risk of uterine leiomyomata in U.S. black women","volume":"16","author":"Wise","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/153.1.11","article-title":"Risk factors for uterine leiomyoma: a practice-based case\u2013control study. II. Atherogenic risk factors and potential sources of uterine irritation","volume":"153","author":"Faerstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)60313-8","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and other correlates of cytologic estrogen effect in postmenopausal women","volume":"50","author":"Baron","year":"1988","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199809000-00007","article-title":"Risk of uterine leiomyomata among premenopausal women in relation to body size and cigarette smoking","volume":"9","author":"Marshall","year":"1998","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh309","article-title":"Risk of uterine leiomyomata in relation to tobacco, alcohol and caffeine consumption in the Black Women's Health Study","volume":"19","author":"Wise","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib151","first-page":"316","article-title":"Uterine myomas and smoking. Results from an Italian study","volume":"41","author":"Parazzini","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(99)00305-1","article-title":"Diet and uterine myomas","volume":"94","author":"Chiaffarino","year":"1999","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.05.033","article-title":"Lycopene and other carotenoid intake in relation to risk of uterine leiomyomata","volume":"198","author":"Terry","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S152169340800062X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S152169340800062X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T10:58:53Z","timestamp":1738234733000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S152169340800062X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"references-count":153,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S152169340800062X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-6934"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-6934","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]}}}