{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T02:39:37Z","timestamp":1773023977488,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,1]],"date-time":"2009-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1254355200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,21]],"date-time":"2009-03-21T06:58:49Z","timestamp":1237618729000},"page":"725-738","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Characterising pelvic masses using ultrasound"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Antonia C.","family":"Testa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom H.","family":"Bourne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1998.12010056.x","article-title":"Transvaginal sonographic markers of tubal inflammatory disease","volume":"12","author":"Timor-Tritsch","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2001.00353.x","article-title":"Transvaginal power Doppler findings in laparoscopically proven acute pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"17","author":"Molander","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.232025089","article-title":"MR imaging of common and uncommon large pelvic masses","volume":"23","author":"Szklaruk","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-8258(89)90561-1","article-title":"Management of lymphocysts after radical gynecologic surgery","volume":"33","author":"Mann","year":"1989","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5345","article-title":"Natural history of pelvic lymphocysts as observed by ultrasonography after bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy","volume":"32","author":"Tam","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2518","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19950515)75:10<2518::AID-CNCR2820751018>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"Clinical significance of intratumoral blood flow in cervical carcinoma assessed by color Doppler ultrasound","volume":"75","author":"Hsieh","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-63-753-673","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and endosonography in the local staging of carcinoma of the cervix","volume":"63","author":"Cobby","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.185.1.1523308","article-title":"Staging of cervical cancer: reliability of transrectal US","volume":"185","author":"Innocenti","year":"1992","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1993.tb14244.x","article-title":"Cervical cancer: the diagnostic value of rectosonography for the judgment of parametrial invasion in regard of inflammatory stromal reaction","volume":"100","author":"Gitsch","year":"1993","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1997.4714","article-title":"Accuracy of three-dimensional ultrasonography in volume estimation of cervical carcinoma","volume":"66","author":"Chou","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1703","article-title":"Color Doppler velocimetry and three-dimensional color power angiography of cervical carcinoma","volume":"24","author":"Testa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5147","article-title":"Three-dimensional transvaginal sonography in local staging of cervical carcinoma: description of a novel technique and preliminary results","volume":"30","author":"Ghi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1998.12040265.x","article-title":"Evaluation of different transvaginal sonographic diagnostic parameters in women with postmenopausal bleeding","volume":"12","author":"Weber","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(99)00532-4","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of sonohysterography, transvaginal sonography, and hysterosalpingography in patients with uterine cavity diseases","volume":"73","author":"Soares","year":"2000","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.03.036","article-title":"Comparison of transvaginal sonography, saline infusion sonography, and office hysteroscopy in reproductive-aged women with or without abnormal uterine bleeding","volume":"84","author":"Kelekci","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5453","article-title":"Prognostic markers of malignancy at sonohysterography in post-menopausal patients with post-menopausal bleeding and thickened endometrium at transvaginal sonography. OC045. 18th World Congress on Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology","volume":"32","author":"Leone","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.20075","article-title":"Uterine sarcomas versus leiomyomas: gray-scale and Doppler sonographic findings","volume":"33","author":"Aviram","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.20386","article-title":"Can gray-scale and color Doppler sonography differentiate between uterine leiomyosarcoma and leiomyoma?","volume":"35","author":"Exacoustos","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1999.14050338.x","article-title":"Pattern recognition of pelvic masses by gray-scale ultrasound imaging: the contribution of Doppler ultrasound","volume":"15","author":"Valentin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1999.14040273.x","article-title":"Prospective cross-validation of Doppler ultrasound examination and gray-scale ultrasound imaging for discrimination of benign and malignant pelvic masses","volume":"14","author":"Valentin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1999.13010011.x","article-title":"Subjective assessment of adnexal masses with the use of ultrasonography: an analysis of interobserver variability and experience","volume":"13","author":"Timmerman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2000.00287.x","article-title":"Terms, definitions and measurements to describe the sonographic features of adnexal tumors: a consensus opinion from the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) Group","volume":"16","author":"Timmerman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8794","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.01.7632","article-title":"Logistic regression model to distinguish between the benign and malignant adnexal mass before surgery: a multicenter study by the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis Group","volume":"23","author":"Timmerman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5552","article-title":"OC144: prospective evaluation of logistic regression models to predict malignancy of adnexal masses prior to surgery","volume":"32","author":"Van Calster","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5365","article-title":"Simple ultrasound-based rules for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer","volume":"31","author":"Timmerman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2005.24.9.1267","article-title":"The use of contrasted transvaginal sonography in the diagnosis of gynecologic diseases: a preliminary study","volume":"24","author":"Testa","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.4013","article-title":"The role of CnTI-SonoVue in the diagnosis of ovarian masses with papillary projections: a preliminary study","volume":"29","author":"Testa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.3922","article-title":"Does three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound help in discrimination between benign and malignant ovarian masses?","volume":"29","author":"Jokubkiene","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2003.10.002","article-title":"Use of morphology to characterize and manage common adnexal masses","volume":"18","author":"Valentin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1997.09050339.x","article-title":"Transvaginal ultrasound and computed tomography combined with clinical parameters and CA-125 determinations in the differential diagnosis of persistent ovarian cysts in premenopausal women","volume":"9","author":"Guerriero","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.2707","article-title":"Which extrauterine pelvic masses are difficult to correctly classify as benign or malignant on the basis of ultrasound findings, and is there a way of making a correct diagnosis?","volume":"27","author":"Valentin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.4025","article-title":"Imaging in gynecological disease","volume":"29","author":"Timmerman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.2607","article-title":"Ultrasound features of different histopathological subtypes of borderline ovarian tumors","volume":"26","author":"Fruscella","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.4020","article-title":"Imaging in gynecological disease (1): ultrasound features of metastases in the ovaries differ depending on the origin of the primary tumor","volume":"29","author":"Testa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5251","article-title":"The \u2018lead vessel\u2019: a vascular ultrasound feature of metastasis in the ovaries","volume":"31","author":"Testa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5227","article-title":"Imaging of gynecological disease (2): clinical and ultrasound characteristics of Sertoli cell tumors, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors and Leydig cell tumors","volume":"31","author":"Demidov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5396","article-title":"Imaging of gynecological disease (4): clinical and ultrasound characteristics of struma ovarii","volume":"32","author":"Savelli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5279","article-title":"Imaging of gynecological disease (3): clinical and ultrasound characteristics of granulosa cell tumors of the ovary","volume":"31","author":"Van Holsbeke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9329","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.02.0354","article-title":"Role of imaging in pretreatment evaluation of early invasive cervical cancer: results of the intergroup study American College of Radiology Imaging Network 6651 Gynecologic Oncology Group 183","volume":"36","author":"Hricak","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1438.2007.01072.x","article-title":"Transrectal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in staging of early cervical cancer","volume":"18","author":"Fischerova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5667","article-title":"OP05.10: transvaginal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance in the evaluation of invasive cervical cancer. 18th World Congress on Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology","volume":"32","author":"Testa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.2806","article-title":"New models to predict depth of infiltration in endometrial carcinoma based on transvaginal sonography","volume":"27","author":"De Smet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5295","article-title":"Preoperative local staging of endometrial cancer: transvaginal sonography vs. magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"31","author":"Savelli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67063-8","article-title":"Endometrial cancer","volume":"366","author":"Amant","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5537","article-title":"The role of ultrasound in prediction of optimal vs. suboptimal cytoreductive surgery in advanced ovarian cancers. OC132. 18th World Congress on Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology","volume":"32","author":"Fischerova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521693409000431?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521693409000431?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,18]],"date-time":"2019-05-18T20:48:57Z","timestamp":1558212537000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521693409000431"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521693409000431"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-6934"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-6934","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]}}}