{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T18:29:27Z","timestamp":1781893767878,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,1]],"date-time":"2015-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435708800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","bestpracticeobgyn.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,21]],"date-time":"2015-04-21T20:47:10Z","timestamp":1429649230000},"page":"700-706","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Thyroid disorders during pregnancy and postpartum"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3799-0354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth N.","family":"Pearce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2004.03.010","article-title":"Physiological and pathological aspects of the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin on the thyroid","volume":"18","author":"Hershman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-65-4-689","article-title":"1987 Reduced clearance rate of thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) with increased sialylation: a mechanism for estrogen-induced elevation of serum TBG concentrations","volume":"65","author":"Ain","year":"1987","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2011.0087","article-title":"Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and postpartum","volume":"21","author":"Stagnaro-Green","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.10.042","article-title":"Free T4 immunoassays are flawed during pregnancy","volume":"200","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2543","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2803","article-title":"Management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"97","author":"De Groot","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000197991.64246.9a","article-title":"Subclinical hyperthyroidism and pregnancy outcomes","volume":"107","author":"Casey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199703000-00006","article-title":"Hyperthyroidism due to inappropriate pro-duction of human chorionic gonadotropin","volume":"40","author":"Goodwin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.12372","article-title":"Clinical analysis of 65 cases of hyperemesis gravidarum with gestational transient thyrotoxicosis","volume":"40","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-200208000-00047","article-title":"ACOG Practice Bulletin. Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists. Thyroid disease in pregnancy","volume":"100","author":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70086-X","article-title":"Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy","volume":"1","author":"Cooper","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2390","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32497","article-title":"Choanal atresia associated with maternal hyperthyroidism treated with methimazole: a case-control study","volume":"146A","author":"Barbero","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R13","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0135","article-title":"Therapy of endocrine disease: antithyroid drug use in early pregnancy and birth defects: time windows of relative safety and high risk?","volume":"17","author":"Laurberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4373","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2831","article-title":"Birth defects after early pregnancy use of antithyroid drugs: a Danish nationwide study","volume":"98","author":"Andersen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2009.0169","article-title":"The role of propylthiouracil in the management of Graves\u2019 disease in adults: report of a meeting jointly sponsored by the American Thyroid Association and the Food and Drug Administration","volume":"19","author":"Bahn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198607033150104","article-title":"Antithyroid drug therapy for Graves' disease during pregnancy. Optimal regimen for fetal thyroid status","volume":"315","author":"Momotani","year":"1986","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib16","first-page":"1040","article-title":"The relationship between maternal serum thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin and fetal and neonatal thyrotoxicosis","volume":"99","author":"Peleg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6093","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-2555","article-title":"Management of Graves\u2019 disease during pregnancy: the key role of fetal thyroid gland monitoring","volume":"90","author":"Luton","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1136\/jms.7.3.127","article-title":"Maternal thyroid deficiency and pregnancy complications: implications for population screening","volume":"7","author":"Allan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Screen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1991.tb03494.x","article-title":"Prevalence of thyroid deficiency in pregnant women","volume":"35","author":"Klein","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199908193410801","article-title":"Maternal thyroid deficiency during pregnancy and subsequent neuropsychological development of the child","volume":"341","author":"Haddow","year":"1999","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70109-8","article-title":"Hypothyroidism in pregnancy","volume":"1","author":"Teng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000152345.99421.22","article-title":"Subclinical hypothyroidism and pregnancy outcomes","volume":"105","author":"Casey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-08-0953","article-title":"Higher maternal TSH levels in pregnancy are associated with increased risk for miscarriage, fetal or neonatal death","volume":"160","author":"Benhadi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318250aeeb","article-title":"Relationship of subclinical thyroid disease to the incidence of gestational diabetes","volume":"119","author":"Tudela","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2009","article-title":"Universal screening versus case finding for detection and treatment of thyroid hormonal dysfunction during pregnancy","volume":"95","author":"Negro","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1106104","article-title":"Antenatal thyroid screening and childhood cognitive function","volume":"366","author":"Lazarus","year":"2012","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib27","first-page":"959","article-title":"American college of Obstetricians and gynecologists","volume":"110","author":"ACOG Committee Opinion No 381","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1992.2.147","article-title":"Monitoring thyroxine treatment during pregnancy","volume":"2","author":"Kaplan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3234","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0013","article-title":"Thyroid hormone early adjustment in pregnancy (the THERAPY) trial","volume":"95","author":"Yassa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1748","article-title":"Detection of thyroid dysfunction in early pregnancy: universal screening or targeted high-risk case finding?","volume":"92","author":"Vaidya","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1452","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0360","article-title":"Thyroid testing during pregnancy at an academic Boston Area Medical Center","volume":"96","author":"Chang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d2616","article-title":"Association between thyroid autoantibodies and miscarriage and preterm birth; meta-analysis of evidence","volume":"342","author":"Thangaratinam","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2009.05.012","article-title":"Thyroid autoimmunity and miscarriages: the corpus luteum hypothesis","volume":"73","author":"Toulis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1603","article-title":"Levothyroxine treatment in euthyroid pregnant women with autoimmune thyroid disease: effects on obstetrical complications","volume":"91","author":"Negro","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib35","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.birmingham.ac.uk\/research\/activity\/mds\/trials\/bctu\/trials\/womens\/tablet\/index.aspx."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib36","unstructured":"T4Life Trial. http:\/\/www.trialregister.nl\/trialreg\/admin\/rctview.asp?TC=3364."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980007360886","article-title":"The importance of iodine nutrition during pregnancy","volume":"10","author":"Glinoer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib38","series-title":"Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination","author":"World Health Organization, United Nations Children\u2019s Fund, International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib39","series-title":"Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc","author":"Institute of Medicine","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2009-0011","article-title":"Iodine deficiency","volume":"30","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-71-2-276","article-title":"Regulation of maternal thyroid during pregnancy","volume":"71","author":"Glinoer","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60436-5","article-title":"Effect of inadequate iodine status in UK pregnant women on cognitive outcomes in their children: results from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)","volume":"382","author":"Bath","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-4249","article-title":"Mild iodine deficiency during pregnancy is associated with reduced educational outcomes in the offspring: 9-year follow-up of the gestational iodine cohort","volume":"98","author":"Hynes","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507842292","article-title":"Reliability of studies of iodine intake and recommendations for number of samples in groups and in individuals","volume":"99","author":"Andersen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2013.0012","article-title":"Iodine status in pregnant women in the National Children's Study and in U.S. women (15-44 years), National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2010","volume":"23","author":"Caldwell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-0900","article-title":"Iodine Deficiency, Pollutant Chemicals, and the Thyroid: new Information on an Old Problem","author":"Council on Environmental Health","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23051","article-title":"Teratology public affairs committee position paper: iodine deficiency in pregnancy","volume":"94","author":"Obican","year":"2012","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2013.0128","article-title":"Global iodine nutrition: Where do we stand in 2013?","volume":"2","author":"Pearce","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2576","article-title":"Approach to the patient with postpartum thyroiditis","volume":"97","author":"Stagnaro-Green","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2006.16.573","article-title":"Prevalence of postpartum thyroid dysfunction: a quantitative review","volume":"16","author":"Nicholson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.1.6227","article-title":"Postpartum thyroiditis and long-term thyroid status: prognostic influence of thyroid peroxidase antibodies and ultrasound echogenicity","volume":"85","author":"Premawardhana","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1980","article-title":"High rate of persistent hypothyroidism in a large-scale prospective study of postpartum thyroiditis in southern Italy","volume":"96","author":"Stagnaro-Green","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007_bib53","first-page":"305","article-title":"Clinical aspects of recurrent postpartum thyroiditis","volume":"47","author":"Lazarus","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"}],"container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521693415000759?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521693415000759?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,23]],"date-time":"2018-09-23T04:27:12Z","timestamp":1537676832000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521693415000759"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521693415000759"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-6934"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-6934","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Thyroid disorders during pregnancy and postpartum","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}