{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T06:26:03Z","timestamp":1790922363496,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"NHMRC Practitioner Fellowship","award":["GNT1082548"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1082548"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,6]],"date-time":"2018-10-06T20:29:15Z","timestamp":1538857755000},"page":"20-29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Unexplained infertility: Is it over-diagnosed and over-treated?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Ben W.","family":"Mol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raissa","family":"Tjon-Kon-Fat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esm\u00e9","family":"Kamphuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madelon","family":"van Wely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.11.037","article-title":"Prevalence of infertility in the United States as estimated by the current duration approach and a traditional constructed approach","volume":"99","author":"Thoma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02320-5","article-title":"Variation in couple fecundity and time to pregnancy, an essential concept in human reproduction","volume":"355","author":"Te Velde","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib3","series-title":"Fertility: assessment and treatment for people with fertility problems","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep341","article-title":"The relative contribution of IVF to the total ongoing pregnancy rate in a subfertile cohort","volume":"25","author":"Brandes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh365","article-title":"Two new prediction rules for spontaneous pregnancy leading to live birth among subfertile couples, based on the synthesis of three previous models","volume":"19","author":"Hunault","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del378","article-title":"Pregnancy is predictable: a large-scale prospective external validation of the prediction of spontaneous pregnancy in subfertile couples","volume":"22","author":"van der Steeg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib7","series-title":"Guidelines for counseling infertility","author":"ESHRE","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)55623-4","article-title":"Fertility prognosis for infertile couples","volume":"59","author":"Bostofte","year":"1993","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/12.7.1582","article-title":"The spontaneous pregnancy prognosis in untreated subfertile couples: the Walcheren primary care study","volume":"12","author":"Snick","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)57650-X","article-title":"The prognosis for live birth among untreated infertile couples","volume":"64","author":"Collins","year":"1995","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)56451-6","article-title":"The prediction of the chance to conceive in subfertile couples","volume":"61","author":"Eimers","year":"1994","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(94)90411-1","article-title":"Score prognosis for the infertile couple based on historical factors and sperm analysis","volume":"46","author":"Bahamondes","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138640","article-title":"Prognostic variables in predicting pregnancy. A prospective follow up study of 907 couples with an infertility problem","volume":"9","author":"Wichmann","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib14","series-title":"Institute for clinical systems improvement (ICSI)","author":"Bloomington","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2298","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019092","article-title":"Prognostic models for the probability of achieving an ongoing pregnancy after in-vitro fertilization and the importance of testing their predictive value","volume":"11","author":"Stolwijk","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198509263131306","article-title":"Clinical prediction rules. Applications and methodological standards","volume":"313","author":"Wasson","year":"1985","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(03)00207-5","article-title":"External validation is necessary in prediction research: a clinical example","volume":"56","author":"Bleeker","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2017.03.014","article-title":"A\u00a0revised prediction model for natural conception","volume":"34","author":"Bensdorp","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib19","first-page":"Cd001838","article-title":"Intra-uterine insemination for unexplained subfertility","volume":"2","author":"Veltman-Verhulst","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh209","article-title":"A\u00a0multicentre randomized controlled trial of expectant management versus IVF in women with Fallopian tube patency","volume":"19","author":"Hughes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib26","first-page":"Cd003357","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro fertilisation for unexplained subfertility","author":"Pandian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deg366","article-title":"Time to pregnancy: results of the German prospective study and impact on the management of infertility","volume":"18","author":"Gnoth","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.12.045","article-title":"\u201cPatient-centered fertility treatment\u201d: what is required?","volume":"101","author":"Dancet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dms031","article-title":"Why do patients discontinue fertility treatment? A systematic review of reasons and predictors of discontinuation in fertility treatment","volume":"18","author":"Gameiro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib30","first-page":"dev319","article-title":"Assisted reproductive technology in Europe, 2011: results generated from European registers by ESHRE","volume":"31","author":"Kupka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)04002-7","article-title":"Intrauterine insemination or in-vitro fertilisation in idiopathic subfertility and male subfertility: a randomised trial and cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"355","author":"Goverde","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.08.005","article-title":"Couples with unexplained subfertility and unfavorable prognosis: a randomized pilot trial comparing the effectiveness of in\u00a0vitro fertilization with elective single embryo transfer versus intrauterine insemination with controlled ovarian stimulation","volume":"96","author":"Custers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2013.10.021","article-title":"IVF with planned single-embryo transfer versus IUI with ovarian stimulation in couples with unexplained subfertility: an economic analysis","volume":"28","author":"van Rumste","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"g7771","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g7771","volume":"350","author":"Bensdorp","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev193","article-title":"Is IVF-served two different ways-more cost-effective than IUI with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation?","volume":"30","author":"Tjon-Kon-Fat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew075","article-title":"First line fertility treatment strategies regarding IUI and IVF require clinical evidence","volume":"31","author":"Bahadur","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib37","first-page":"1083","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized, controlled trial of clomiphene citrate and intrauterine insemination in couples with unexplained infertility or surgically corrected endometriosis","volume":"54","author":"Deaton","year":"1990","journal-title":"FertilSteril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69042-9","volume":"368","author":"Steures","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a716","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a716","article-title":"Clomifene citrate or unstimulated intrauterine insemination compared with expectant management for unexplained infertility: pragmatic randomised controlled trial","volume":"337","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32406-6","article-title":"Intrauterine insemination with ovarian stimulation versus expectant management for unexplained infertility (TUI): a pragmatic, open-label, randomised, controlled, two-centre trial","volume":"391","author":"Farquhar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib45","unstructured":"ESHRE. ART (assisted reproductive technology) fact sheet. Internet site ESHRE. Available by: http:\/\/www.eshre.eu\/annual_meeting\/page.aspx\/1367. Used 2013 May 5."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.04.022","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized clinical trial to evaluate optimal treatment for unexplained infertility: the fast track and standard treatment (FASTT) trial","volume":"94","author":"Reindollar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.03.058","article-title":"Spontaneous pregnancies among couples previously treated by in\u00a0vitro fertilization","volume":"98","author":"Troude","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.08.066","article-title":"Reasons for dropping out from a waiting list for in\u00a0vitro fertilization","volume":"94","author":"van Dongen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3037","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der279","article-title":"Accessing fertility treatment in New Zealand: a comparison of the clinical priority access criteria with a prediction model for couples with unexplained subfertility","volume":"26","author":"Farquhar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den132","article-title":"Pregnancy chances on an IVF\/ICSI waiting list: a national prospective cohort study","volume":"23","author":"Eijkemans","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh744","article-title":"Single embryo transfer: a mini-review","volume":"2","author":"Bergh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.37957.560278.EE","article-title":"Perinatal outcome of singletons and twins after assisted conception: a systematic review of controlled studies","volume":"328","author":"Helmerhorst","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dms018","article-title":"Obstetric and perinatal outcomes in singleton pregnancies resulting from IVF\/ICSI: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Pandey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000114989.84822.51","article-title":"Perinatal outcomes in singletons following in\u00a0vitro fertilization: a meta-analysis","volume":"103","author":"Jackson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.12.032","article-title":"Assisted reproductive technologies and perinatal morbidity: interrogating the association","volume":"99","author":"Barnhart","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.05.019","article-title":"Obstetric and Perinatal outcomes in singleton pregnancies resulting from the transfer of frozen thawed versus fresh embryos generated through in-vitro fertilisation treatment. A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"98","author":"Maheshwari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dex085","article-title":"The impact of specific fertility treatments on cognitive development in childhood and adolescence: a systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Rumbold","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14365","article-title":"Maternal factors and the risk of birth defects after IVF and ICSI: a whole of population cohort study","volume":"124","author":"Davies","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des448","article-title":"Increased risk of preterm birth in singleton pregnancies after blastocyst versus Day 3 embryo transfer: canadian ART Register (CARTR) analysis","volume":"28","author":"Dar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.12.027","article-title":"Blastocyst versus cleavage stage transfer in in\u00a0vitro fertilization: differences in neonatal outcome?","volume":"94","author":"K\u00e4ll\u00e9n","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31825b88fc","article-title":"Extended embryo culture and an increased risk of preterm delivery","volume":"120","author":"Kansal Kalra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.071183","article-title":"Systemic and pulmonary vascular dysfunction in children conceived by assisted reproductive technologies","volume":"125","author":"Scherrer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dms062","article-title":"The longer-term health outcomes for children born as a result of IVF treatment: Part I-General health outcomes","volume":"19","author":"Hart","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"}],"container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S152169341830213X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S152169341830213X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T17:08:35Z","timestamp":1761498515000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S152169341830213X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["S152169341830213X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-6934"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-6934","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Unexplained infertility: Is it over-diagnosed and over-treated?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.09.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}