{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T16:44:22Z","timestamp":1793724262753,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]],"date-time":"2020-06-08T21:03:51Z","timestamp":1591650231000},"page":"95-107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Progesterone and endometrial cancer"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Anne","family":"Gompel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib1","series-title":"WHO classification of tumours of female reproductive organs [Internet]","first-page":"125","article-title":"Tumours of the uterine corpus: epithelial tumours and precursors","author":"Zaino","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib2","first-page":"133","article-title":"From endometrial hyperplasia to endometrial cancer: insight into the biology and possible medical preventive measures","volume":"17","author":"Boruban","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Prev Off J Eur Cancer Prev Organ ECP. avr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(16)33289-6","article-title":"Endometrial adenocarcinoma and the polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"124","author":"Wood","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2016.01.019","article-title":"Up-regulation of genes involved in the insulin signalling pathway (IGF1, PTEN and IGFBP1) in the endometrium may link polycystic ovarian syndrome and endometrial cancer","volume":"424","author":"Shafiee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_sref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00341","article-title":"Metformin as a therapeutic target in endometrial cancers","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(194911)2:6<957::AID-CNCR2820020604>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Genesis of endometrial carcinoma. II. Cases 19 to 35 years old","volume":"2","author":"Sommers","year":"1949","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(59)90367-9","article-title":"The endometrium before and after wedge resection of the ovaries in the Stein-Leventhal syndrome","volume":"77","author":"Kaufman","year":"1959","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(195911\/12)12:6<1106::AID-CNCR2820120607>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Histological effects of progestins on hyperplasia and carcinoma in situ of the endometrium","volume":"12","author":"Kistner","year":"1959","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"5179","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5179.1103","article-title":"Treatment of functional menstrual disorders with norethisterone","volume":"1","author":"Bishop","year":"1960","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5122(90)90086-L","article-title":"Sequential use of norethisterone and natural progesterone in pre-menopausal bleeding disorders","volume":"12","author":"Saarikoski","year":"1990","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"1-6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-0760(98)00145-9","article-title":"The endocrinology of the menopause","volume":"69","author":"Burger","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e318247f07a","article-title":"Oral micronized progesterone for vasomotor symptoms-a placebo-controlled randomized trial in healthy postmenopausal women","volume":"19","author":"Hitchcock","year":"2012","journal-title":"Menopause N Y N"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_sref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)00212-0","article-title":"Endometrial cancer and oral contraceptives: an individual participant meta-analysis of 27 276 women with endometrial cancer from 36 epidemiological studies","volume":"16","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmq022","article-title":"Hormonal contraception and risk of cancer","volume":"16","author":"Cibula","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib15","first-page":"503","article-title":"Endometrial carcinoma in young women taking oral contraceptive agents","volume":"46","author":"Silverberg","year":"1975","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1159\/000321390","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy of three progestins in the treatment of simple endometrial hyperplasia without atypia","volume":"72","author":"Ozdegirmenci","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719115623643","article-title":"Depo-provera versus norethisterone acetate in management of endometrial hyperplasia without atypia","volume":"23","author":"Nooh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reprod Sci Thousand Oaks Calif"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13473","article-title":"Efficacy of medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment and retreatment for atypical endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer","volume":"44","author":"Tamauchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2010.09.002","article-title":"Endometrial hyperplasia","volume":"27","author":"Mills","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.05.029","article-title":"National patterns of care and fertility outcomes for reproductive-aged women with endometrial cancer or atypical hyperplasia","volume":"221","author":"Harrison","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_sref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00297-4","article-title":"Progestin treatment of atypical hyperplasia and well-differentiated carcinoma of the endometrium in women under age 40","volume":"90","author":"Randall","year":"1997","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"37","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000008034","article-title":"Comparison of fertility-sparing treatments in patients with early endometrial cancer and atypical complex hyperplasia: a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"96","author":"Wei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltim)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib23","first-page":"122","article-title":"The efficacy of intrauterine versus oral progestin for the treatment of endometrial hyperplasia. A prospective randomized comparative study","volume":"40","author":"Dolapcioglu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib24","article-title":"Oral and intrauterine progestogens for atypical endometrial hyperplasia","volume":"12","author":"Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.07.037","article-title":"Oral progestogens vs levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system for endometrial hyperplasia: a systematic review and metaanalysis","volume":"203","author":"Gallos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002390","article-title":"Treatment of low-risk endometrial cancer and complex atypical hyperplasia with the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device","volume":"131","author":"Pal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib27","article-title":"Efficacy and fertility outcomes of levonorgestrel-releasing intra-uterine system treatment for patients with atypical complex hyperplasia or endometrial cancer: a retrospective study","volume":"30","author":"Leone Roberti Maggiore","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib28","article-title":"Six months response rate of combined oral medroxyprogesterone\/levonorgestrel-intrauterine system for early-stage endometrial cancer in young women: a Korean Gynecologic-Oncology Group Study","volume":"30","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000927","article-title":"Combined oral medroxyprogesterone\/levonorgestrel-intrauterine system treatment for women with grade 2 stage IA endometrial cancer","volume":"27","author":"Hwang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer Off J Int Gynecol Cancer Soc"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3057","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.11.3057","article-title":"A\u00a02-year comparative study of endometrial histology and cervical cytology of contraceptive implant users in Birmingham, UK","volume":"13","author":"Mascarenhas","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Oxf Engl"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib31","first-page":"1037","article-title":"Progestin treatment of atypical hyperplasia and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the endometrium to preserve fertility","volume":"32","author":"Koskas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib32","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of progestin plus metformin as a fertility-sparing treatment for atypical endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer patients","volume":"30","author":"Mitsuhashi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2012.01.003","article-title":"Oncologic and reproductive outcomes with progestin therapy in women with endometrial hyperplasia and grade 1 adenocarcinoma: a systematic review","volume":"125","author":"Gunderson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_sref34","first-page":"4005","article-title":"Weight control is vital for patients with early-stage endometrial cancer or complex atypical hyperplasia who have received progestin therapy to spare fertility: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Canc Manag Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2015.12.010","article-title":"Effect of oral versus intrauterine progestins on weight in women undergoing fertility preserving therapy for complex atypical hyperplasia or endometrial cancer","volume":"140","author":"Cholakian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(54)90269-0","article-title":"Clinical studies concerning the relationship of estrogens to the development of cancer of the corpus uteri","volume":"67","author":"Jensen","year":"1954","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_sref37","first-page":"551","article-title":"Estrogens and endometrial carcinoma","volume":"3","author":"Larson","year":"1954","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1959.03010300011002","article-title":"Prolonged estrogen therapy IN postmenopausal women","volume":"171","author":"Wallach","year":"1959","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_sref39","first-page":"301","article-title":"Estrogens, progestogens and endometrial cancer","volume":"18","author":"Gambrell","year":"1977","journal-title":"J\u00a0Reprod Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib40","first-page":"177","article-title":"Exogenous estrogens and endometrial carcinoma: review and comments for the clinician","volume":"18","author":"Berger","year":"1977","journal-title":"J\u00a0Reprod Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_sref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530290040035","article-title":"Effects of hormone replacement therapy on endometrial histology in postmenopausal women. The postmenopausal estrogen\/progestin Interventions (PEPI) trial. The writing group for the PEPI trial","volume":"275","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(16)32490-5","article-title":"Actions of progestins on the morphology and biochemistry of the endometrium of postmenopausal women receiving low-dose estrogen therapy","volume":"142","author":"Whitehead","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198112313052701","article-title":"Effects of estrogens and progestins on the biochemistry and morphology of the postmenopausal endometrium","volume":"305","author":"Whitehead","year":"1981","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)49880-8","article-title":"Assessment of the potency of orally administered progestins in women","volume":"46","author":"King","year":"1986","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(03)01167-1","article-title":"Endometrial effects of lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate: two-year substudy results","volume":"80","author":"Pickar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_sref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/91.13.1131","article-title":"Risk of endometrial cancer following estrogen replacement with and without progestins","volume":"91","author":"Weiderpass","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.01.019","article-title":"Long-term use of postmenopausal estrogen and progestin hormone therapies and the risk of endometrial cancer","volume":"197","author":"Doherty","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.04.041","article-title":"Dose of progestin in postmenopausal-combined hormone therapy and risk of endometrial cancer","volume":"191","author":"Reed","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.3.321","article-title":"Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial","volume":"288","author":"Rossouw","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.017","article-title":"A\u00a060-month non-comparative study on bleeding profiles with the levonorgestrel intrauterine system from the late transition period to estrogen supplemented menopause","volume":"153","author":"Depypere","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2010.11.009","article-title":"Levonorgestrel-releasing and copper intrauterine devices and the risk of breast cancer","volume":"83","author":"Dinger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000356","article-title":"Cancer risk in women using the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in Finland","volume":"124","author":"Soini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000178754.88912.b9","article-title":"Use of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system and breast cancer","volume":"106","author":"Backman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.3109\/0284186X.2015.1062538","article-title":"Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system and the risk of breast cancer: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"55","author":"Soini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Oncol Stockh Swed"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-017-4491-2","article-title":"Does levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system increase breast cancer risk in peri-menopausal women? An HMO perspective","volume":"167","author":"Siegelmann-Danieli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2018.02.006","article-title":"Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system use is associated with a decreased risk of ovarian and endometrial cancer, without increased risk of breast cancer. Results from the NOWAC Study","volume":"149","author":"Jareid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"6401","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.287.6401.1241","article-title":"Dose dependent effects of oral progesterone on the oestrogenised postmenopausal endometrium","volume":"287","author":"Lane","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br Med J Clin Res Ed"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2016.1187123","article-title":"The impact of micronized progesterone on the endometrium: a systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Stute","year":"2016","journal-title":"Climacteric J Int Menopause Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2018.1446932","article-title":"Progesterone, progestins and the endometrium in perimenopause and in menopausal hormone therapy","volume":"21","author":"Gompel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Climacteric J Int Menopause Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5122(94)90060-4","article-title":"Induction of amenorrhea during hormone replacement therapy: optimal micronized progesterone dose","volume":"19","author":"Gillet","year":"1994","journal-title":"A\u00a0multicenter study. Maturitas"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)55916-0","article-title":"Prevention of endometrial hyperplasia by progesterone during long-term estradiol replacement: influence of bleeding pattern and secretory changes","volume":"59","author":"Moyer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib62","first-page":"77","article-title":"The effects of oral micronized progesterone on bleeding patterns, endometrial histology and bone density in postmenopausal women on hormone replacement therapy","volume":"46","author":"Lorrain","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5122(01)00260-2","article-title":"Comparative endometrial histology in postmenopausal women with sequential hormone replacement therapy of estradiol and, either chlormadinone acetate or micronized progesterone","volume":"41","author":"Jondet","year":"2002","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.3109\/13697137.2010.490605","article-title":"Transdermal estradiol and oral or vaginal natural progesterone: bleeding patterns","volume":"13","author":"Di Carlo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Climacteric J Int Menopause Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002645","article-title":"A\u00a017\u03b2-estradiol-progesterone oral capsule for vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"132","author":"Lobo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib66","series-title":"Endometrial safety and bleeding profile of a 17\u03b2-estradiol\/progesterone oral softgel capsule (TX-001HR)","author":"Mirkin","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2018.1472567","article-title":"Progesterone for treatment of symptomatic menopausal women","volume":"21","author":"Prior","year":"2018","journal-title":"Climacteric J Int Menopause Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E614","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2558","article-title":"Progesterone prevents sleep disturbances and modulates GH, TSH, and melatonin secretion in postmenopausal women","volume":"96","author":"Caufriez","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001278","article-title":"Improvement in sleep outcomes with a 17\u03b2-estradiol-progesterone oral capsule (TX-001HR) for postmenopausal women","volume":"26","author":"Kagan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Menopause N Y N"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq300","article-title":"Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of endometrial carcinoma among postmenopausal women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition","volume":"172","author":"Allen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu146","article-title":"Risks of endometrial cancer associated with different hormone replacement therapies in the E3N cohort, 1992-2008","volume":"180","author":"Fournier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/S1297-9589(02)00336-3","article-title":"[Compliance with hormone replacement therapy in menopause: effect of an original education program. The COMET study]","volume":"30","author":"Serfaty","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Fertil"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-0353","article-title":"Arterial imaging outcomes and cardiovascular risk factors in recently menopausal women: a randomized trial","volume":"161","author":"Harman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11654.x","article-title":"The endometrial response to sequential and continuous combined oestrogen-progestogen replacement therapy","volume":"107","author":"Sturdee","year":"2000","journal-title":"BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.7324","article-title":"Phase III comparison of depomedroxyprogesterone acetate to venlafaxine for managing hot flashes: north Central Cancer Treatment Group Trial N99C7","volume":"24","author":"Loprinzi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol"}],"container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521693420300808?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521693420300808?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T17:12:30Z","timestamp":1761498750000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521693420300808"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":75,"alternative-id":["S1521693420300808"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-6934"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-6934","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Progesterone and endometrial cancer","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}