{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:32:24Z","timestamp":1792175544274,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T23:03:54Z","timestamp":1689807834000},"page":"102394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Endocrine disorders associated with obesity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"90","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1832-7410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyeong-Kyu","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rexford S.","family":"Ahima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-00317-7","article-title":"Mechanisms controlling pancreatic islet cell function in insulin secretion","volume":"22","author":"Campbell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R105","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-13-0616","article-title":"Nutrient regulation of insulin secretion and action","volume":"221","author":"Newsholme","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22126403","article-title":"Role of insulin in health and disease: an update","volume":"22","author":"Rahman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1210\/rp.56.1.127","article-title":"Ras activation of the Raf kinase: tyrosine kinase recruitment of the MAP kinase cascade","volume":"56","author":"Avruch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Recent Prog Horm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-002-0974-7","article-title":"Insulin regulation of glucose uptake: a complex interplay of intracellular signalling pathways","volume":"45","author":"Khan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib6","first-page":"131","article-title":"Insulin signaling in health and disease","author":"Saltiel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S52","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8227(11)70014-6","article-title":"Insulin effects in muscle and adipose tissue","volume":"93","author":"Dimitriadis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.48.8.1586","article-title":"Regional postprandial fatty acid metabolism in different obesity phenotypes","volume":"48","author":"Guo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0b013e32833b7782","article-title":"Recent insights into fatty liver, metabolic dyslipidaemia and their links to insulin resistance","volume":"21","author":"Savage","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/S1262-3636(08)74600-7","article-title":"Insulin resistance and steatosis in humans","volume":"34","author":"Capeau","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2006.00580.x","article-title":"Weight changes following the initiation of new anti-hyperglycaemic therapies","volume":"9","author":"Nichols","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07019-6","article-title":"Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group","volume":"352","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07037-8","article-title":"Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group","volume":"352","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.11.7.567","article-title":"Weight gain associated with intensive therapy in the diabetes control and complications trial. The DCCT Research Group","volume":"11","year":"1988","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.10.1711","article-title":"Influence of intensive diabetes treatment on body weight and composition of adults with type 1 diabetes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial","volume":"24","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2006.00686.x","article-title":"Insulin-associated weight gain in diabetes--causes, effects and coping strategies","volume":"9","author":"Russell-Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721706294259","article-title":"Insulin treatment and the problem of weight gain in type 2 diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Carver","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Educat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13009","article-title":"Insulin-associated weight gain in obese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: what can be done?","volume":"19","author":"Brown","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01919-X","article-title":"Obesity management as a primary treatment goal for type 2 diabetes: time to reframe the conversation","volume":"399","author":"Lingvay","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-018-0824-8","article-title":"Body weight considerations in the management of type 2 diabetes","volume":"36","author":"Apovian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01604-7","article-title":"Tirzepatide, a dual GIP\/GLP-1 receptor co-agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes with unmatched effectiveness regrading glycaemic control and body weight reduction","volume":"21","author":"Nauck","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib22","first-page":"234","article-title":"Pancreatic insulinoma: current issues and trends","volume":"9","author":"Vaidakis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1986","article-title":"Localization of insulinomas to regions of the pancreas by intraarterial calcium stimulation: the NIH experience","volume":"94","author":"Guettier","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.5280","article-title":"The management of insulinoma","volume":"93","author":"Tucker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2005.05.008","article-title":"Insulinoma","volume":"19","author":"Grant","year":"2005","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdh216","article-title":"Consensus report on the use of somatostatin analogs for the management of neuroendocrine tumors of the gastroenteropancreatic system","volume":"15","author":"Oberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i6.829","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of insulinoma","volume":"19","author":"Okabayashi","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021115-105323","article-title":"Glucocorticoid signaling: an update from a genomic perspective","volume":"78","author":"Sacta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.13.10.0351","article-title":"Composite glucocorticoid regulation at a functionally defined negative glucocorticoid response element of the human corticotropin-releasing hormone gene","volume":"13","author":"Malkoski","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2005.09.001","article-title":"Glucocorticoid regulation of peptide genes in neuroendocrine CRH neurons: a complexity beyond negative feedback","volume":"26","author":"Watts","year":"2005","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01545","article-title":"A\u00a0general introduction to glucocorticoid biology","volume":"10","author":"Timmermans","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2007.05.015","article-title":"Glucocorticoids, metabolism and metabolic diseases","volume":"275","author":"Vegiopoulos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101380","article-title":"Cushing's syndrome: overview of clinical presentation, diagnostic tools and complications","volume":"34","author":"Barbot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M33","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0464","article-title":"Cushing's syndrome: update on signs, symptoms and biochemical screening","volume":"173","author":"Nieman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101381","article-title":"Cushing's syndrome: treatment and new therapeutic approaches","volume":"34","author":"Ferriere","year":"2020","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.47.1.443","article-title":"Differential diagnosis and management of Cushing's syndrome","volume":"47","author":"Tsigos","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0125","article-title":"The diagnosis of cushing's syndrome: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"93","author":"Nieman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-013-0013-0","article-title":"Update on late-night salivary cortisol for the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome: methodological considerations","volume":"44","author":"Raff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-116-3-211","article-title":"Urine free cortisol in the high-dose dexamethasone suppression test for the differential diagnosis of the Cushing syndrome","volume":"116","author":"Flack","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib40","first-page":"647","article-title":"The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome and pseudo-Cushing's states","volume":"19","author":"Newell-Price","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199503233321207","article-title":"Cushing's syndrome","volume":"332","author":"Orth","year":"1995","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R205","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-16-0946","article-title":"Diagnosis of endocrine disease: differentiation of pathologic\/neoplastic hypercortisolism (Cushing's syndrome) from physiologic\/non-neoplastic hypercortisolism (formerly known as pseudo-Cushing's syndrome)","volume":"176","author":"Findling","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.02.001","article-title":"Diagnosis of cushing's syndrome in the modern era","volume":"47","author":"Nieman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3228-6","article-title":"Tissue-specific dysregulation of cortisol regeneration by 11betaHSD1 in obesity: has it promised too much?","volume":"57","author":"Stomby","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2021.111210","article-title":"11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases: a growing multi-tasking family","volume":"526","author":"Gomez-Sanchez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-1199","article-title":"Depot-specific modulation of rat intraabdominal adipose tissue lipid metabolism by pharmacological inhibition of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1","volume":"148","author":"Berthiaume","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1515\/BC.2008.049","article-title":"Sub-chronic administration of the 11beta-HSD1 inhibitor, carbenoxolone, improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in mice with diet-induced obesity","volume":"389","author":"Taylor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2017.03.023","article-title":"11\u03b2-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"354","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154246","article-title":"11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor use in human disease-a systematic review and narrative synthesis","volume":"108","author":"Gregory","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-10-4-459","article-title":"Molecular biology of thyrotropin","volume":"10","author":"Shupnik","year":"1989","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2017.01.025","article-title":"The classic pathways of thyroid hormone metabolism","volume":"458","author":"van der Spek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3035","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI60047","article-title":"Mechanisms of thyroid hormone action","volume":"122","author":"Brent","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2017.02.012","article-title":"New insights into thyroid hormone action","volume":"173","author":"Mendoza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00030.2013","article-title":"Thyroid hormone regulation of metabolism","volume":"94","author":"Mullur","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2018.10","article-title":"Direct effects of thyroid hormones on hepatic lipid metabolism","volume":"14","author":"Sinha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.2.8182","article-title":"Serum TSH, T(4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES III)","volume":"87","author":"Hollowell","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a801","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a801","article-title":"Management of hypothyroidism in adults","volume":"337","author":"Vaidya","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30703-1","article-title":"Hypothyroidism","volume":"390","author":"Chaker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.4065\/84.1.65","article-title":"Subclinical hypothyroidism: an update for primary care physicians","volume":"84","author":"Fatourechi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.8.1067","article-title":"Update on the management of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism","volume":"160","author":"Woeber","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-008-0122-6","article-title":"Central hypothyroidism","volume":"11","author":"Lania","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R137","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0067","article-title":"Mechanisms in endocrinology: the crosstalk between thyroid gland and adipose tissue: signal integration in health and disease","volume":"171","author":"Santini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1210\/rp.59.1.31","article-title":"Effects of thyroid hormone on the cardiovascular system","volume":"59","author":"Fazio","year":"2004","journal-title":"Recent Prog Horm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(96)90539-9","article-title":"Changes in renal function in primary hypothyroidism","volume":"27","author":"Montenegro","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110694","article-title":"Regulation of glycosaminoglycan synthesis by thyroid hormone in\u00a0vitro","volume":"70","author":"Smith","year":"1982","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-0736","article-title":"Hyaluronan accumulation in thyroid tissue: evidence for contributions from epithelial cells and fibroblasts","volume":"148","author":"Gianoukakis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1159\/000342994","article-title":"Thyroid function and obesity","volume":"1","author":"Laurberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2017.04.006","article-title":"Novel thyroid hormone analogues, enzyme inhibitors and mimetics, and their action","volume":"458","author":"Mondal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00382","article-title":"Thyroid hormones, thyromimetics and their metabolites in the treatment of liver disease","volume":"9","author":"Kowalik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00331","article-title":"Selective thyroid hormone receptor-beta (TR\u03b2) agonists: new perspectives for the treatment of metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"7","author":"Saponaro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2020.0071","article-title":"Thyroid hormone analogues: an update","volume":"30","author":"Zucchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-019-02025-5","article-title":"Thyroid hormone metabolites and analogues","volume":"66","author":"Senese","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12070582","article-title":"3,5-T2-an endogenous thyroid hormone metabolite as promising lead substance in anti-steatotic drug development?","volume":"12","author":"Sane","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S330515","article-title":"TRC150094, a novel mitochondrial modulator, reduces cardio-metabolic risk as an add-on treatment: a phase-2, 24-week, multi-center, randomized, double-blind, clinical trial","volume":"15","author":"Joshi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2006.02676.x","article-title":"Modulation of growth hormone action by sex steroids","volume":"65","author":"Uj","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-020-09594-1","article-title":"Current concepts of the diagnosis of adult growth hormone deficiency","volume":"22","author":"Tritos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2551","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1817346","article-title":"Pathogenesis and diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in adults","volume":"380","author":"Melmed","year":"2019","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2011.00032","article-title":"The intricate role of growth hormone in metabolism","volume":"2","author":"Vijayakumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-014-0327-6","article-title":"GH and the cardiovascular system: an update on a topic at heart","volume":"48","author":"Isgaard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-022-01207-1","article-title":"Effects of adult growth hormone deficiency and replacement therapy on the cardiometabolic risk profile","volume":"25","author":"Ratku","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2394","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk in adult patients with growth hormone (GH) deficiency and following substitution with GH--an update","volume":"99","author":"Gazzaruso","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-020-09599-w","article-title":"Growth hormone deficiency and replacement therapy in adults: impact on survival","volume":"22","author":"van Bunderen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.4158\/GL-2019-0405","article-title":"American association of clinical endocrinologists and American college of endocrinology guidelines for management of growth hormone deficiency in adults and patients transitioning from pediatric to adult care","volume":"25","author":"Yuen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3083","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00665","article-title":"Macimorelin as a diagnostic test for adult GH deficiency","volume":"103","author":"Garcia","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19030893","article-title":"Treatment with growth hormone for adults with growth hormone deficiency syndrome: benefits and risks","volume":"19","author":"D\u00edez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P35","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-21-1186","article-title":"Safety of growth hormone replacement in survivors of cancer and intracranial and pituitary tumours: a consensus statement","volume":"186","author":"Boguszewski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13382","article-title":"Growth hormone deficiency in adults with hypopituitarism-What are the risks and can they be eliminated by therapy?","volume":"290","author":"Johannsson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394_bib88","article-title":"Usefulness and potential pitfalls of long-acting growth hormone analogs","volume":"12","author":"Yuen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521693423001025?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521693423001025?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T17:15:27Z","timestamp":1761498927000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521693423001025"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"references-count":88,"alternative-id":["S1521693423001025"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-6934"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-6934","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Endocrine disorders associated with obesity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102394","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102394"}}