{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T03:19:17Z","timestamp":1789010357293,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]],"date-time":"2024-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]],"date-time":"2024-11-30T07:37:35Z","timestamp":1732952255000},"page":"102571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The clinical relevance of having more than one estrogen in combined hormonal contraception to address the needs of women"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Caroline","family":"Frisendahl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena Kopp","family":"Kallner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6516-1444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina","family":"Gemzell-Danielsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.05.008","article-title":"Estrogen and thrombosis: a bench to bedside review","volume":"192","author":"Abou-Ismail","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16840","article-title":"Estetrol-Drospirenone combination oral contraceptive: a clinical study of contraceptive efficacy, bleeding pattern and safety in Europe and Russia","volume":"129","author":"Gemzell-Danielsson","year":"2022","journal-title":"BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2021.05.002","article-title":"Estetrol-drospirenone combination oral contraceptive: north American phase 3 efficacy and safety results","volume":"104","author":"Creinin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.06.010","article-title":"Impact of estrogen type on cardiovascular safety of combined oral contraceptives","volume":"94","author":"Dinger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1080\/13625187.2021.1987410","article-title":"Prospective controlled cohort study on the safety of a monophasic oral contraceptive containing nomegestrol acetate (2.5mg) and 17\u03b2-oestradiol (1.5mg) (PRO-E2 study): risk of venous and arterial thromboembolism","volume":"26","author":"Reed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib6","series-title":"Benefits of combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) continue to outweigh risks \u2013 CHMP endorses PRAC recommendation","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib7","series-title":"Beyond birth control: the overlooked benefits of oral contraceptive pills","author":"Jones","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1080\/13625187.2024.2317295","article-title":"Health benefits of combined oral contraceptives - a narrative review","volume":"29","author":"Coelingh Bennink","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1080\/13625187.2022.2094911","article-title":"Use of contraception and attitudes towards contraceptive use in Swedish women: an internet-based nationwide survey","volume":"27","author":"Envall","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1080\/13625187.2019.1581163","article-title":"Trends in use and attitudes towards contraception in Sweden: results of a nationwide survey","volume":"24","author":"Hellstr\u00f6m","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0125990","article-title":"Use of contraception and attitudes towards contraceptive use in Swedish women--A nationwide survey","volume":"10","author":"Kopp Kallner","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2003.09.014","article-title":"Classification and pharmacology of progestins","volume":"46","author":"Schindler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2011.04.009","article-title":"Ovulation inhibition doses of progestins: a systematic review of the available literature and of marketed preparations worldwide","volume":"84","author":"Endrikat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.5.1218","article-title":"Morphological and functional features of endometrial decidualization following long-term intrauterine levonorgestrel delivery","volume":"13","author":"Critchley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2991","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.11.2991","article-title":"The effect of ovarian steroids on epithelial ciliary beat frequency in the human Fallopian tube","volume":"13","author":"Mahmood","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)40875-7","article-title":"In vitro action of progestogens on sperm migration in human cervical mucus","volume":"26","author":"Kesser\u00fc","year":"1975","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"5 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(94)05011-8","article-title":"New knowledge in the physiology of hormonal contraceptives","volume":"170","author":"Lobo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.21392","article-title":"Contraception selection, effectiveness, and adverse effects: a review","volume":"326","author":"Teal","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(88)90038-8","article-title":"Vaginal bleeding patterns among women using one natural and eight hormonal methods of contraception","volume":"38","author":"Belsey","year":"1988","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.04.015","article-title":"Bleeding pattern and cycle control with estetrol-containing combined oral contraceptives: results from a phase II, randomised, dose-finding study (FIESTA)","volume":"94","author":"Apter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2012.12.011","article-title":"Ethinyl estradiol and 17\u03b2-estradiol in combined oral contraceptives: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and risk assessment","volume":"87","author":"Stanczyk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/13697130701851814","article-title":"Estetrol does not bind sex hormone binding globulin or increase its production by human HepG2 cells","volume":"11","author":"Hammond","year":"2008","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib23","article-title":"Combined oral contraceptives: venous thrombosis","volume":"2014","author":"de Bastos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2018.03.005","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association of combined oral contraceptives on the risk of venous thromboembolism: the role of the progestogen type and estrogen dose","volume":"165","author":"Oedingen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib25","article-title":"20 \u03bcg versus >20 \u03bcg estrogen combined oral contraceptives for contraception","volume":"2013","author":"Gallo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"8990","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91927-9","article-title":"Effect of different progestagens in low oestrogen oral contraceptives on venous thromboembolic disease. World health organization collaborative study of cardiovascular disease and steroid hormone contraception","volume":"346","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2024.106539","article-title":"Metabolism of endogenous and exogenous estrogens in women","volume":"242","author":"Stanczyk","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib28","first-page":"207","article-title":"Metabolism of 17-BETA-OESTRADIOL-4-14-C in early infancy","volume":"49","author":"Hagen","year":"1965","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/13697130500148875","article-title":"Pharmacology of estrogens and progestogens: influence of different routes of administration","volume":"8","author":"Kuhl","year":"2005","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der058","article-title":"Comparison of a 24-day and a 21-day pill regimen for the novel combined oral contraceptive, nomegestrol acetate and 17\u03b2-estradiol (NOMAC\/E2): a double-blind, randomized study","volume":"26","author":"Christin-Maitre","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.3109\/13625187.2010.504313","article-title":"Effects of a monophasic combined oral contraceptive containing nomegestrol acetate and 17 beta-oestradiol on ovarian function in comparison to a monophasic combined oral contraceptive containing drospirenone and ethinylestradiol","volume":"15","author":"Duijkers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.3109\/13625187.2011.604450","article-title":"Effects of a monophasic combined oral contraceptive containing nomegestrol acetate and 17\u03b2-oestradiol compared with one containing levonorgestrel and ethinylestradiol on haemostasis, lipids and carbohydrate metabolism","volume":"16","author":"\u00c5gren","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.3109\/13625187.2011.614029","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of a monophasic combined oral contraceptive containing nomegestrol acetate and 17\u03b2-oestradiol in a 24\/4 regimen, in comparison to an oral contraceptive containing ethinylestradiol and drospirenone in a 21\/7 regimen","volume":"16","author":"Mansour","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1080\/13625180902850039","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of an oral contraceptive containing oestradiol valerate and dienogest","volume":"14","author":"Zeun","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2009.03.018","article-title":"Bleeding pattern and cycle control with an estradiol-based oral contraceptive: a seven-cycle, randomized comparative trial of estradiol valerate\/dienogest and ethinyl estradiol\/levonorgestrel","volume":"80","author":"Ahrendt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2008.05.004","article-title":"Ovulation inhibition with four variations of a four-phasic estradiol valerate\/dienogest combined oral contraceptive: results of two prospective, randomized, open-label studies","volume":"78","author":"Endrikat","year":"2008","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.11.001","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of a novel oral contraceptive based on oestradiol (oestradiol valerate\/dienogest): a Phase III trial","volume":"149","author":"Palacios","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2013.4320","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of a combined oral contraceptive containing estradiol valerate\/dienogest: results from a clinical study conducted in North America","volume":"23","author":"Nelson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.3109\/13625187.2015.1050091","article-title":"Haemostatic and metabolic impact of estradiol pills and drospirenone-containing ethinylestradiol pills vs. levonorgestrel-containing ethinylestradiol pills: a literature review","volume":"20","author":"Lete","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2165\/11591200-000000000-00000","article-title":"Hemostatic effects of a novel estradiol-based oral contraceptive: an open-label, randomized, crossover study of estradiol valerate\/dienogest versus ethinylestradiol\/levonorgestrel","volume":"11","author":"Klipping","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drugs R"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1080\/13625187.2020.1731734","article-title":"Pooled analysis of bleeding profile, efficacy and safety of oral oestradiol valerate\/dienogest in women aged 25 and under","volume":"25","author":"Jensen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1080\/13625187.2021.1988923","article-title":"Unintended pregnancy in users of nomegestrol acetate and 17\u03b2-oestradiol (NOMAC-E2) compared with levonorgestrel-containing combined oral contraceptives: final results from the PRO-E2 study","volume":"26","author":"Reed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000005509","article-title":"Venous thromboembolic risk of estradiol valerate-dienogest compared with ethinyl estradiol-levonorgestrel combined oral contraceptives","volume":"143","author":"Bauerfeind","year":"2024","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2610","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deg510","article-title":"Local levonorgestrel regulation of androgen receptor and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 expression in human endometrium","volume":"18","author":"Burton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib45","first-page":"913","article-title":"The effects of an antiprogestin, mifepristone, and an antiestrogen, tamoxifen, on endometrial 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and progestin and estrogen receptors during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle: an immunohistochemical study","volume":"77","author":"M\u00e4entausta","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib46","first-page":"2093","article-title":"Stromal PRs mediate induction of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 expression in human endometrial epithelium: a paracrine mechanism for inactivation of E2","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2007.02.022","article-title":"Endometrial bleeding during hormone therapy: the effect of progestogens","volume":"57","author":"Archer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2011.588848","article-title":"Vascular dysfunction as a cause of endometrial bleeding","volume":"28","author":"Archer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S157056","article-title":"Contraceptive efficacy and safety of estradiol valerate\/dienogest in a healthy female population: a multicenter, open-label, uncontrolled Phase III study","volume":"10","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Wom Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.11.033","article-title":"Combined oral contraceptive use is associated with both improvement and worsening of mood in the different phases of the treatment cycle-A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial","volume":"76","author":"Lundin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-18-0384","article-title":"Sexual function and combined oral contraceptives - a randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"Lundin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1080\/13625187.2017.1336532","article-title":"Estetrol combined with drospirenone: an oral contraceptive with high acceptability, user satisfaction, well-being and favourable body weight control","volume":"22","author":"Apter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1080\/13697130802073425","article-title":"Estetrol review: profile and potential clinical applications","volume":"11","author":"Coelingh Bennink","year":"2008","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201404112","article-title":"The uterine and vascular actions of estetrol delineate a distinctive profile of estrogen receptor \u03b1 modulation, uncoupling nuclear and membrane activation","volume":"6","author":"Abot","year":"2014","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00024.2016","article-title":"Membrane and nuclear estrogen receptor alpha actions: from tissue specificity to medical implications","volume":"97","author":"Arnal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib56","first-page":"399","article-title":"A fetal steroid for the treatment of adults","volume":"12","author":"Coelingh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Reproduktionsmed Endokrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2014.00080","article-title":"Effects of estetrol on migration and invasion in T47-D breast cancer cells through the actin cytoskeleton","volume":"5","author":"Giretti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-14-0549","article-title":"Estetrol is a weak estrogen antagonizing estradiol-dependent mammary gland proliferation","volume":"224","author":"G\u00e9rard","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2447","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgu144","article-title":"Antiestrogenic effects of the fetal estrogen estetrol in women with estrogen-receptor positive early breast cancer","volume":"35","author":"Singer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2020.08.015","article-title":"Evaluation of the effect of a new oral contraceptive containing estetrol and drospirenone on hemostasis parameters","volume":"102","author":"Douxfils","year":"2020","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.08.018","article-title":"Reduced hemostatic effects with drospirenone-based oral contraceptives containing estetrol vs. ethinyl estradiol","volume":"95","author":"Kluft","year":"2017","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib62","first-page":"463","article-title":"Unique effects on hepatic function, lipid metabolism, bone and growth endocrine parameters of estetrol in combined oral contraceptives","volume":"20","author":"Mawet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac511","article-title":"Low thrombin generation in users of a contraceptive containing estetrol and drospirenone","volume":"108","author":"Morimont","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2021.01.001","article-title":"Endocrine and metabolic effects of an oral contraceptive containing estetrol and drospirenone","volume":"103","author":"Klipping","year":"2021","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.12.001","article-title":"Pooled analysis of two randomized, open-label studies comparing the effects of nomegestrol acetate\/17\u03b2-estradiol and drospirenone\/ethinyl estradiol on bleeding patterns in healthy women","volume":"95","author":"Mansour","year":"2017","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.3109\/13625187.2013.780202","article-title":"Efficacy and bleeding profile of a combined oral contraceptive containing oestradiol valerate\/dienogest: a pooled analysis of three studies conducted in North America and Europe","volume":"18","author":"Nelson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care"},{"issue":"sup1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1080\/13697130802040366","article-title":"Ovulation inhibition by estetrol in an in vivo model","volume":"11","author":"Coelingh Bennink","year":"2008","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib68","first-page":"476","article-title":"Inhibition of ovulation by administration of estetrol in combination with drospirenone or levonorgestrel: results of a phase II dose-finding pilot study","volume":"20","author":"Duijkers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2021.03.003","article-title":"Effects of an oral contraceptive containing estetrol and drospirenone on ovarian function","volume":"103","author":"Duijkers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2022.07.009","article-title":"Pooled efficacy results of estetrol\/drospirenone combined oral contraception phase 3 trials","volume":"116","author":"Jensen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s40268-023-00419-5","article-title":"Estetrol: from preclinical to clinical pharmacology and advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanism of action","volume":"23","author":"G\u00e9rard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drugs R"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fgwh.2024.1395863","article-title":"Experts' view on the role of oestrogens in combined oral contraceptives: emphasis on oestetrol (E4)","volume":"5","author":"Creinin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Glob Womens Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib73","first-page":"139","article-title":"The effect of 20 \u03bcg ethinyl estradiol\/1 mg norethindrone acetate (MinestrinTM), a low-dose oral contraceptive, on vaginal bleeding patterns, hot flashes, and quality of life in symptomatic perimenopausal women","volume":"4","author":"Casper Rfd","year":"1997","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5122(94)90047-7","article-title":"Very low estrogen-desogestrel contraceptive in perimenopausal hormonal replacement","volume":"18","author":"Porcile","year":"1994","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1097\/00042192-200107000-00011","article-title":"A scheme of combined oral contraceptives for women more than 40 years old","volume":"8","author":"Bl\u00fcmel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2698","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der224","article-title":"Effective treatment of heavy and\/or prolonged menstrual bleeding with an oral contraceptive containing estradiol valerate and dienogest: a randomized, double-blind Phase III trial","volume":"26","author":"Fraser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3182118ac3","article-title":"Effective treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding with estradiol valerate and dienogest: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"117","author":"Jensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1080\/13697130701798692","article-title":"Oral bioavailability and bone-sparing effects of estetrol in an osteoporosis model","volume":"11","author":"Coelingh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib79","first-page":"966","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of estradiol, free and total estrone, in young women following single intravenous and oral administration of 17 beta-estradiol","volume":"43","author":"Kuhnz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1080\/13697130802050340","article-title":"In vitro effects of estetrol on receptor binding, drug targets and human liver cell metabolism","volume":"11","author":"Visser","year":"2008","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(81)90076-7","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of ethynyloestradiol in women for different populations","volume":"23","author":"Fotherby","year":"1981","journal-title":"Contraception"}],"container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521693424001317?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521693424001317?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T22:59:50Z","timestamp":1740697190000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521693424001317"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":81,"alternative-id":["S1521693424001317"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-6934"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-6934","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The clinical relevance of having more than one estrogen in combined hormonal contraception to address the needs of women","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102571","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102571"}}