{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T14:03:11Z","timestamp":1791813791246,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T22:42:38Z","timestamp":1742424158000},"page":"102592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Second trimester echocardiography"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Enery","family":"G\u00f3mez-Montes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Herraiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Villalain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1308-1474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Galindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz009","article-title":"Global birth prevalence of congenital heart defects 1970\u20132017: updated systematic review and meta-analysis of 260 studies","volume":"48","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.958405","article-title":"European surveillance of congenital anomalies working group. Congenital heart defects in europe: prevalence and perinatal mortality, 2000 to 2005","volume":"123","author":"Dolk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.14882","article-title":"Prenatal diagnosis of critical congenital heart disease reduces risk of death from cardiovascular compromise prior to planned neonatal cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Holland","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.87.1.67","article-title":"Prenatal diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta improves survival and reduces morbidity","volume":"87","author":"Franklin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2008.01793.x","article-title":"The hidden mortality of transposition of the great arteries and survival advantage provided by prenatal diagnosis","volume":"115","author":"Blyth","year":"2008","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.14689","article-title":"Prenatal detection of transposition of the great arteries reduces mortality and morbidity","volume":"45","author":"van Velzen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.7.916","article-title":"Detection of transposition of the great arteries in fetuses reduces neonatal morbidity and mortality","volume":"99","author":"Bonnet","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.304.6828.671","article-title":"Extended fetal echocardiographic examination for detecting cardiac malformations in low risk pregnancies","volume":"304","author":"Achiron","year":"1992","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anpedi.2013.10.039","article-title":"[Prenatal screening of congenital heart defects in population at low risk of congenital defects. A reality today]","volume":"82","author":"Sainz","year":"2015","journal-title":"An Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(92)91622-H","article-title":"Fetal echocardiography: accuracy and limitations in a population at high and low risk for heart defects","volume":"166","author":"Bromley","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15589","article-title":"The implementation of a nationwide anomaly screening programme improves prenatal detection of major cardiac defects: an 11-year national population-based cohort study","volume":"126","author":"Hautala","year":"2019","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.2710","article-title":"Prenatal detection of heart defects in a non-selected population of 30,149 fetuses--detection rates and outcome","volume":"27","author":"Tegnander","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20358","article-title":"Why are congenital heart defects being missed?","volume":"55","author":"van Nisselrooij","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.88.4.387","article-title":"Improving the effectiveness of routine prenatal screening for major congenital heart defects","volume":"88","author":"Carvalho","year":"2002","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2000.00291.x","article-title":"Early screening for fetal cardiac anomalies by transvaginal echocardiography in an unselected population: the role of operator experience","volume":"16","author":"Rustico","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12373","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the performance of second-trimester screening for prenatal detection of congenital heart defects","volume":"140","author":"van Velzen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.24888","article-title":"ISUOG Practice Guidelines (updated): performance of the routine mid-trimester fetal ultrasound scan","volume":"59","author":"Salomon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib18","first-page":"E5","article-title":"AIUM practice parameter for the performance of fetal echocardiography","volume":"39","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2023.04.014","article-title":"Guidelines and recommendations for performance of the fetal echocardiogram: an update from the American society of echocardiography","volume":"36","author":"Moon-Grady","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.26224","article-title":"ISUOG Practice Guidelines (updated): fetal cardiac screening","volume":"61","author":"Carvalho","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.21977","article-title":"Detection of fetal cardiac anomalies: cost-effectiveness of increased number of cardiac views","volume":"55","author":"Bak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.26176","article-title":"Prediction of postnatal circulation in pulmonary atresia\/critical stenosis with intact ventricular septum: systematic review and external validation of models","volume":"62","author":"Villala\u00edn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10163690","article-title":"Application of a global multiparameter scoring system for the prenatal prediction of coarctation of the aorta","volume":"10","author":"G\u00f3mez-Montes","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2858","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2016.1265934","article-title":"Impact of prenatal diagnosis of transposition of the great arteries on postnatal outcome","volume":"30","author":"Dom\u00ednguez-Manzano","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1159\/000527869","article-title":"Common arterial trunk in fetal life: accuracy of diagnosis and prediction of outcome","volume":"49","author":"Villala\u00edn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/592403","article-title":"Fetal intervention in right outflow tract obstructive disease: selection of candidates and results","volume":"2012","author":"G\u00f3mez Montes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiol Res Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1159\/000504979","article-title":"Prediction of perinatal mortality in ebstein's anomaly diagnosed in the second trimester of pregnancy","volume":"47","author":"Masoller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1159\/000460247","article-title":"Fetal aortic valvuloplasty: experience and results of two tertiary centers in Spain","volume":"42","author":"Galindo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.27576","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of prenatal ultrasound in coarctation of aorta: systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis","volume":"63","author":"Villala\u00edn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000437597.44550.5d","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of fetal cardiac disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"129","author":"Donofrio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2017.11.006","article-title":"Advances in fetal echocardiography","volume":"23","author":"Gardiner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.15742","article-title":"Prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart defects: accuracy and discrepancies in a multicenter cohort","volume":"47","author":"van Velzen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.2795","article-title":"Accuracy of fetal echocardiography: a cardiac segment-specific analysis","volume":"28","author":"Gottliebson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.17246","article-title":"Systematic review of first-trimester ultrasound screening for detection of fetal structural anomalies and factors that affect screening performance","volume":"50","author":"Karim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15123","article-title":"Performance of first-trimester fetal echocardiography in diagnosing fetal heart defects: meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"39","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.23740","article-title":"First-trimester ultrasound detection of fetal heart anomalies: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"59","author":"Karim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.26094","article-title":"Prenatal detection of congenital heart disease at 12-13 gestational weeks: detailed analysis of false-negative cases","volume":"61","author":"Bottelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2907","DOI":"10.21037\/tp-21-255","article-title":"The diagnostic value of the early extended fetal heart examination at 13 to 14 weeks gestational age in a high-risk population","volume":"10","author":"Ye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15782","article-title":"Accuracy of the standardized early fetal heart assessment in excluding major congenital heart defects in high-risk population: a single-center experience","volume":"41","author":"Turan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s43044-020-00049-1","article-title":"First trimester fetal echocardiography limitations and its expected clinical values","volume":"72","author":"Kamel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Egypt Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2017.03.017","article-title":"First-trimester fetal echocardiography: identification of cardiac structures for screening from 6 to 13 Weeks' gestational age","volume":"30","author":"Hutchinson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.11.030","article-title":"Early fetal ultrasound screening for major congenital heart defects without Doppler","volume":"233","author":"Garc\u00eda Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.23572","article-title":"First-trimester fetal heart evaluation: time to move forward","volume":"57","author":"Turan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.6391","article-title":"Congenital heart anomalies in the first trimester: from screening to diagnosis","volume":"43","author":"Rieder","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.6584","article-title":"Clinical implementation of first trimester screening for congenital heart defects","volume":"44","author":"Helmb\u00e6k","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1206042","article-title":"Four-section approach of fetal congenital heart disease at 11-13(+6) weeks","volume":"10","author":"Ling","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.6571","article-title":"Fetal cardiac screening: 1st trimester and beyond","volume":"44","author":"Freud","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951114001413","article-title":"Imaging the first trimester heart: ultrasound correlation with morphology","volume":"24","author":"Jansen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.981","article-title":"Changing indications for fetal echocardiography in a University Center population","volume":"24","author":"Friedberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib50","series-title":"Fetal echocardiography","first-page":"15","article-title":"Scanning: indications and technique","author":"Drose","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2021.1921253","article-title":"Foetal ductus arteriosus constriction unrelated to non-steroidal anti-Inflammatory drugs: a case report and literature review","volume":"53","author":"Battistoni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2005.08.009","article-title":"Assessing fetal cardiac ventricular function","volume":"10","author":"De Vore","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1159\/000506047","article-title":"Main patterns of fetal cardiac remodeling","volume":"47","author":"Crispi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.23336","article-title":"Cardiac remodeling from the fetus to adulthood","volume":"51","author":"Youssef","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.23421","article-title":"Fetal cardiac function evaluation: a review","volume":"51","author":"Vasciaveo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.17365","article-title":"Descriptive analysis of different phenotypes of cardiac remodeling in fetal growth restriction","volume":"50","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-L\u00f3pez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1159\/000494838","article-title":"Nomograms of fetal cardiac dimensions at 18-41 Weeks of gestation","volume":"47","author":"Garc\u00eda-Otero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.23127","article-title":"Reference ranges for fetal cardiac, ventricular and atrial relative size, sphericity, ventricular dominance, wall asymmetry and relative wall thickness from 18 to 41 gestational weeks","volume":"58","author":"Garc\u00eda-Otero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib59","series-title":"Fetal cardiology","first-page":"561","article-title":"Congestive heart failure in the fetus","author":"Huhta","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.2597","article-title":"Development of Z-scores for fetal cardiac dimensions from echocardiography","volume":"26","author":"Schneider","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.4021","article-title":"Z-scores of the fetal aortic isthmus and duct: an aid to assessing arch hypoplasia","volume":"29","author":"Pasquini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib62","unstructured":"Fetal echo z-score equations from Boston Children's Hospital [Internet].."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib63","first-page":"365","article-title":"How to perform a functional assessment of the fetal heart: a pictorial review","volume":"38","author":"Rocha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ultrasonography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.9064","article-title":"Functional assessment of the fetal heart: a review","volume":"39","author":"Godfrey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.12.1662","article-title":"Cardiac output and central distribution of blood flow in the human fetus","volume":"103","author":"Mielke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15128","article-title":"Z score reference ranges of fetal cardiac output from 12 to 40 weeks of pregnancy","volume":"39","author":"Luewan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1097-0096.1985.tb00003.x","article-title":"Use of femur length as a means of assessing M-mode ventricular dimensions during second and third trimesters of pregnancy in normal fetus","volume":"13","author":"De Vore","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2005.10.029","article-title":"Myocardial tissue Doppler and long axis function in the fetal heart","volume":"113","author":"Gardiner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-8932(10)70183-4","article-title":"Inter- and intra-observer variability in the echocardiographic evaluation of right ventricular function","volume":"63","author":"Pinedo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Esp Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1159\/000446071","article-title":"Z-score reference ranges for angular M-mode displacement at 22-40 weeks' gestation","volume":"2017","author":"Mao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.12375","article-title":"Fetal tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (f-TAPSE): evaluation of fetal right heart systolic function with conventional M-mode ultrasound and spatiotemporal imagen correlation (STIC) M-mode","volume":"42","author":"Messing","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0960-7692.2001.00587.x","article-title":"Right and left ventricular long-axis function in the fetus using angular M-mode","volume":"18","author":"Carvalho","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib73","first-page":"e551","article-title":"A fetal cardiovascular score to predict infant hypertension and arterial remodeling in intrauterine growth restriction","volume":"552","author":"Cruz-Lemini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.14930","article-title":"Fetal cardiac function in late-onset intrauterine growth restriction vs small-for-gestational age, as defined by estimated fetal weight, cerebroplacental ratio and uterine artery Doppler","volume":"46","author":"P\u00e9rez-Cruz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.12374","article-title":"Value of annular M-mode displacement vs tissue Doppler velocities to assess cardiac function in intrauterine growth restriction","volume":"42","author":"Cruz-Lemini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.17480","article-title":"Cardiac pathophysiology in twin\u2013twin transfusion syndrome: new insights into its evolution","volume":"51","author":"Wohlmuth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.4671","article-title":"Longitudinal annular displacement by M-mode (MAPSE and TAPSE) in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome before and after laser surgery","volume":"35","author":"Ortiz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1159\/000338003","article-title":"Fetal cardiac function: technical considerations and potential research and clinical applications","volume":"32","author":"Crispi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.11","article-title":"Fetal cardiac function assessed by Doppler myocardial performance index (Tei Index)","volume":"21","author":"Friedman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1959","article-title":"A modified myocardial performance (Tei) index based on the use of valve clicks improves reproducibility of fetal cardiac function assessment","volume":"26","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Andrade","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1159\/000330798","article-title":"Normal references ranges from 11 to 41 Weeks' gestation of fetal left modified myocardial performance index by conventional Doppler with the use of stringent criteria for delimitation of the time periods","volume":"32","author":"Cruz-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000363181","article-title":"The (Pulsed-Wave) Doppler fetal myocardial performance index: technical challenges, clinical applications and Future research","volume":"38","author":"Mahajan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2174\/1573403X18666211227145856","article-title":"Fetal cardiac function: myocardial performance index","volume":"18","author":"Oliveira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.8870","article-title":"Gestational age- and estimated fetal weight-adjusted references ranges for myocardial tissue Doppler indices at 24-41 weeks' gestation","volume":"37","author":"Comas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2019-0206","article-title":"Comparison of fetal cardiac functions between small-for-gestational age fetuses and late-onset growth-restricted fetuses","volume":"47","author":"Kaya","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1159\/000335028","article-title":"Assessment of fetal cardiac function using tissue Doppler techniques","volume":"32","author":"Comas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.5603\/GP.a2020.0175","article-title":"Investigation of fetal cardiac function using tissue Doppler imaging in fetuses compromised by growth restriction","volume":"92","author":"Palalioglu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ginekol Pol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-020-01821-9","article-title":"Impact of type I and type II maternal diabetes mellitus on fetal cardiac function assessment parameters using spectral and tissue Doppler","volume":"36","author":"Peixoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Imag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.13442","article-title":"Fetal cardiac parameters for prediction of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome","volume":"44","author":"Zanardini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20233","article-title":"Using speckle-tracking echocardiography to assess fetal myocardial deformation: are we there yet?","volume":"54","author":"Day","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1159\/000330378","article-title":"Assessment of fetal myocardial deformation using speckle tracking techniques","volume":"32","author":"Germanakis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.15870","article-title":"Review of speckle tracking analysis to measure the size, shape, and contractility of the fetal heart in fetuses with congenital heart defects","volume":"41","author":"DeVore","year":"2024","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-024-03094-y","article-title":"Fetal left and right ventricular strain parameters using speckle tracking in congenital heart diseases","volume":"40","author":"Young","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Imag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib94","article-title":"Automated 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography: minimizing expertise barriers to comprehensive fetal cardiac function assessment?","volume":"41","author":"Kantilal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14050548","article-title":"Fetal left ventricle function evaluated by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography across clinical stages of severity in growth-restricted fetuses","volume":"14","author":"Dom\u00ednguez-Gallardo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2023-0423","article-title":"Evaluating fetal tricuspid and mitral annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE and MAPSE) using spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) M-mode","volume":"52","author":"Avnet","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"}],"container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521693425000161?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521693425000161?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T11:23:03Z","timestamp":1748863383000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521693425000161"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":96,"alternative-id":["S1521693425000161"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-6934"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-6934","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Second trimester echocardiography","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2025.102592","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102592"}}