{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T09:58:29Z","timestamp":1777975109791,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,2]],"date-time":"2021-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T17:20:47Z","timestamp":1610644847000},"page":"590-598","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effect of Tryptophan Depletion on Conditioned Threat Memory Expression: Role of Intolerance of Uncertainty"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4095-5405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan W.","family":"Kanen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0166-7918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederique E.","family":"Arntz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1407-9739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robyn","family":"Yellowlees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Christmas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annabel","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annemieke M.","family":"Apergis-Schoute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7352-1745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara J.","family":"Sahakian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8751-5167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rudolf N.","family":"Cardinal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trevor W.","family":"Robbins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.06.026","article-title":"Neurobiological basis of failure to recall extinction memory in posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"66","author":"Milad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.04.025","article-title":"The structural and functional connectivity of the amygdala: From normal emotion to pathological anxiety","volume":"223","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.0329","article-title":"Skin conductance responses and neural activations during fear conditioning and extinction recall across anxiety disorders","volume":"74","author":"Marin","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3216","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1609194114","article-title":"Neural basis of impaired safety signaling in obsessive compulsive disorder","volume":"114","author":"Apergis-Schoute","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.11.011","article-title":"Extinction retention and fear renewal in a lifetime obsessive-compulsive disorder sample","volume":"280","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.914","article-title":"Deficits in conditioned fear extinction in obsessive-compulsive disorder and neurobiological changes in the fear circuit","volume":"70","author":"Milad","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.2310","article-title":"Failure of neural responses to safety cues in schizophrenia","volume":"69","author":"Holt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.11040557","article-title":"The study of fear extinction: Implications for anxiety disorders","volume":"168","author":"Graham","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.16030353","article-title":"Using neuroscience to help understand fear and anxiety: A two-system framework","volume":"173","author":"LeDoux","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01546-9","article-title":"Context, ambiguity, and unlearning: Sources of relapse after behavioral extinction","volume":"52","author":"Bouton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2010.04.002","article-title":"Overlapping neural systems mediating extinction, reversal and regulation of fear","volume":"14","author":"Schiller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.121208.131631","article-title":"Fear extinction as a model for translational neuroscience: Ten years of progress","volume":"63","author":"Milad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2007.10.011","article-title":"Serotoninergic regulation of emotional and behavioural control processes","volume":"12","author":"Cools","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.07.028","article-title":"Serotonin in fear conditioning processes","volume":"277","author":"Bauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib15","series-title":"Stahl\u2019s Essential Psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications","author":"Stahl","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1996.67020669.x","article-title":"Reduction of serotonergic function in rat brain by tryptophan depletion: Effects in control and fluvoxamine-treated rats","volume":"67","author":"Bel","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(74)90440-8","article-title":"Rapid depletion of serum tryptophan, brain tryptophan, serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid by a tryptophan-free diet","volume":"14","author":"Biggio","year":"1974","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2011.106","article-title":"Converging evidence for central 5-HT effects in acute tryptophan depletion","volume":"17","author":"Crockett","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5308","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.10.5308","article-title":"Differences between males and females in rates of serotonin synthesis in human brain","volume":"94","author":"Nishizawa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.120209","article-title":"Acute tryptophan depletion in humans: A review of theoretical, practical and ethical aspects","volume":"38","author":"Young","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042397","article-title":"The influence of serotonin on fear learning","volume":"7","author":"Hindi Attar","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02244182","article-title":"Effects of ritanserin on aversive classical conditioning in humans","volume":"104","author":"Hensman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2008.141","article-title":"Two-week treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram reduces contextual anxiety but not cued fear in healthy volunteers: A fear-potentiated startle study","volume":"34","author":"Grillon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301204","article-title":"A\u00a0single dose of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram exacerbates anxiety in humans: A fear-potentiated startle study","volume":"32","author":"Grillon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.43","article-title":"Acute tryptophan depletion increases translational indices of anxiety but not fear: Serotonergic modulation of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis?","volume":"37","author":"Robinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2330","article-title":"Two weeks of pretreatment with escitalopram facilitates extinction learning in healthy individuals","volume":"28","author":"Bui","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Psychopharmacol Clin Exp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1214592","article-title":"Fear erasure in mice requires synergy between antidepressant drugs and extinction training","volume":"334","author":"Karpova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.10.012","article-title":"Chronic antidepressant treatment impairs the acquisition of fear extinction","volume":"73","author":"Burghardt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5493","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1202044109","article-title":"Serotonin transporter polyadenylation polymorphism modulates the retention of fear extinction memory","volume":"109","author":"Hartley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.77","article-title":"Affective cognition and its disruption in mood disorders","volume":"36","author":"Elliott","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1151-x","article-title":"Acute administration of citalopram facilitates memory consolidation in healthy volunteers","volume":"163","author":"Harmer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.7.1256","article-title":"Increased positive versus negative affective perception and memory in healthy volunteers following selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition","volume":"161","author":"Harmer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-003-1401-6","article-title":"Tryptophan depletion decreases the recognition of fear in female volunteers","volume":"167","author":"Harmer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.12.008","article-title":"Novelty-facilitated extinction: Providing a novel outcome in place of an expected threat diminishes recovery of defensive responses","volume":"78","author":"Dunsmoor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(94)90048-5","article-title":"Why do people worry?","volume":"17","author":"Freeston","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2018.08.002","article-title":"Novelty-facilitated extinction and the reinstatement of conditional human fear","volume":"109","author":"Lucas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib37","article-title":"Out with the old and in with the new: The role of intolerance of uncertainty in reversal of threat and safety","volume":"10","author":"Morriss","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exp Psychopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154494","article-title":"What is going on around here? Intolerance of uncertainty predicts threat generalization","volume":"11","author":"Morriss","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2019.03.004","article-title":"I\u00a0feel safe when I know: Contingency instruction promotes threat extinction in high intolerance of uncertainty individuals","volume":"116","author":"Morriss","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13396","article-title":"What do I do now? Intolerance of uncertainty is associated with discrete patterns of anticipatory physiological responding to different contexts","volume":"56","author":"Morriss","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s13587-015-0019-8","article-title":"Intolerance of uncertainty predicts fear extinction in amygdala-ventromedial prefrontal cortical circuitry","volume":"5","author":"Morriss","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol Mood Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2016.05.001","article-title":"Nothing is safe: Intolerance of uncertainty is associated with compromised fear extinction learning","volume":"121","author":"Morriss","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2020.04.012","article-title":"How many times do I need to see to believe? The impact of intolerance of uncertainty and exposure experience on safety-learning and retention in young adults","volume":"153","author":"Morriss","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.03.014","article-title":"Fearing the unknown: A short version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale","volume":"21","author":"Carleton","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.02.007","article-title":"Into the unknown: A review and synthesis of contemporary models involving uncertainty","volume":"39","author":"Carleton","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.05.001","article-title":"A\u00a0meta-analysis of the relation of intolerance of uncertainty to symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"31","author":"Gentes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2011.02.007","article-title":"To be sure, to be sure: Intolerance of uncertainty mediates symptoms of various anxiety disorders and depression","volume":"43","author":"McEvoy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-013-9531-6","article-title":"Intolerance of uncertainty and PTSD symptoms: Exploring the construct relationship in a community sample with a heterogeneous trauma history","volume":"37","author":"Fetzner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cognit Ther Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-126","article-title":"Toward the future of psychiatric diagnosis: The seven pillars of RDoC","volume":"11","author":"Cuthbert","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2013.351","article-title":"Serotonin depletion induces \u201cwaiting impulsivity\u201d on the human four-choice serial reaction time task: Cross-species translational significance","volume":"39","author":"Worbe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2014.01.015","article-title":"Acute stress impairs the retrieval of extinction memory in humans","volume":"112","author":"Raio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20040","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1320322110","article-title":"Extinction during reconsolidation of threat memory diminishes prefrontal cortex involvement","volume":"110","author":"Schiller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.036053.114","article-title":"A\u00a0review on human reinstatement studies: An overview and methodological challenges","volume":"21","author":"Haaker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Learn Mem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(97)00198-X","article-title":"Tryptophan depletion during continuous CSF sampling in healthy human subjects","volume":"19","author":"Carpenter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib55","series-title":"STAI Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory","author":"Spielberger","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0229-z","article-title":"Dissociable effects of acute SSRI (escitalopram) on executive, learning and emotional functions in healthy humans","volume":"43","author":"Skandali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3758\/s13420-015-0176-z","article-title":"Individual differences in learning predict the return of fear","volume":"43","author":"Gershman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Learn Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1440-1614.2005.01628.x","article-title":"Acute tryptophan depletion. Part II: Clincal effects and implications","volume":"39","author":"Bell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001423","article-title":"Monoamine depletion in psychiatric and healthy populations: Review","volume":"8","author":"Booij","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001949","article-title":"Mood is indirectly related to serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine levels in humans: A meta-analysis of monoamine depletion studies","volume":"12","author":"Ruh\u00e9","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.121","article-title":"Serotonin and dopamine: Unifying affective, activational, and decision functions","volume":"36","author":"Cools","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881113503508","article-title":"The origins of \u201c5-HT and mechanisms of defence\u201d by Deakin and Graeff: A personal perspective","volume":"27","author":"Deakin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1177\/026988119100500414","article-title":"5-HT and mechanisms of defence","volume":"5","author":"Deakin","year":"1991","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2016.00024","article-title":"Serotonin, amygdala and fear: Assembling the puzzle","volume":"10","author":"Bocchio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Neural Circuits"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.11.023","article-title":"Acute selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors increase conditioned fear expression: Blockade with a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist","volume":"62","author":"Burghardt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.23.1.155","article-title":"Emotion circuits in the brain","volume":"23","author":"LeDoux","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib67","first-page":"291","article-title":"Distinct processing of aversive experience in amygdala subregions","volume":"5","author":"Michely","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9529","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-22-09529.1998","article-title":"Serotonin modulation of sensory inputs to the lateral amygdala: Dependency on corticosterone","volume":"18","author":"Stutzmann","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"RC8","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-11-j0005.1999","article-title":"GABAergic antagonists block the inhibitory effects of serotonin in the lateral amygdala: A mechanism for modulation of sensory inputs related to fear conditioning","volume":"19","author":"Stutzmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2007.08.005","article-title":"The amygdala","volume":"17","author":"LeDoux","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1037\/bne0000121","article-title":"Effect of continuous and partial reinforcement on the acquisition and extinction of human conditioned fear","volume":"130","author":"Grady","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1037\/h0076419","article-title":"Partial reinforcement effects in classical aversive conditioning in rabbits and human beings","volume":"88","author":"Leonard","year":"1975","journal-title":"J\u00a0Comp Physiol Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2011.9","article-title":"Mechanism of acute tryptophan depletion: Is it only serotonin?","volume":"16","author":"van Donkelaar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300434","article-title":"Fractioning impulsivity: Contrasting effects of central 5-HT depletion on different measures of impulsive behaviour","volume":"29","author":"Winstanley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa6703_13","article-title":"Comparison of Beck Depression Inventories -IA and -II in psychiatric outpatients","volume":"67","author":"Beck","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pers Assess"}],"container-title":["Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S245190222100001X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S245190222100001X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T13:15:40Z","timestamp":1762521340000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S245190222100001X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S245190222100001X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.04.26.062505","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2451-9022"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2451-9022","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effect of Tryptophan Depletion on Conditioned Threat Memory Expression: Role of Intolerance of Uncertainty","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.12.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Society of Biological Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}