{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T22:52:00Z","timestamp":1785883920020,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["169080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["169080"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010571","name":"R\u00e9seau de Bio-imagerie du Quebec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["35450"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["35450"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010571","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000156","name":"Sant\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T08:36:54Z","timestamp":1759307814000},"page":"843-852","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Associations Between Past and Current Use of Oral Contraceptives and Fear Regulation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3015-5383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa-Marie","family":"Davignon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Brouillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Devine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Taschereau-Dumouchel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0297-5680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie-France","family":"Marin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1359","article-title":"Twelve-month and lifetime prevalence and lifetime morbid risk of anxiety and mood disorders in the United States","volume":"21","author":"Kessler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2011.03.006","article-title":"Gender differences in anxiety disorders: Prevalence, course of illness, comorbidity and burden of illness","volume":"45","author":"McLean","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.09.018","article-title":"Blockade of estrogen by hormonal contraceptives impairs fear extinction in female rats and women","volume":"73","author":"Graham","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.04.030","article-title":"The influence of gonadal hormones on conditioned fear extinction in healthy humans","volume":"168","author":"Milad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib5","first-page":"1071","article-title":"Prefrontal theta oscillations are modulated by estradiol status during fear recall and extinction recall","volume":"6","author":"Bierwirth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2016.08.011","article-title":"Estradiol levels in women predict skin conductance response but not valence and expectancy ratings in conditioned fear extinction","volume":"134","author":"White","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.016","article-title":"Estradiol modulates medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala activity during fear extinction in women and female rats","volume":"70","author":"Zeidan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.835857","article-title":"A year through the COVID-19 pandemic: Deleterious impact of hormonal contraception on psychological distress in women","volume":"13","author":"Brouillard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2012.3522","article-title":"Longer duration of hormonal contraceptive use predicts better cognitive outcomes later in life","volume":"21","author":"Egan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13115","article-title":"Oral contraceptive use in adolescence predicts lasting vulnerability to depression in adulthood","volume":"61","author":"Anderl","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.14180","article-title":"Research Review: Are sampling biases masking long-term effects of hormonal contraceptive use in adolescence on risk for depression?","volume":"66","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.02.026","article-title":"Don\u2019t fear \u2018fear conditioning\u2019: Methodological considerations for the design and analysis of studies on human fear acquisition, extinction, and return of fear","volume":"77","author":"Lonsdorf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00016.2020","article-title":"Behavioral and neurobiological mechanisms of Pavlovian and instrumental extinction learning","volume":"101","author":"Bouton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2005.00302.x","article-title":"Context modulation of memory for fear extinction in humans","volume":"42","author":"Milad","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2012.01384.x","article-title":"Publication recommendations for electrodermal measurements","volume":"49","author":"Boucsein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.02.011","article-title":"Fear extinction retention: Is it what we think it is?","volume":"85","author":"Lonsdorf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9503","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2021-06.2006","article-title":"Context-dependent human extinction memory is mediated by a ventromedial prefrontal and hippocampal network","volume":"26","author":"Kalisch","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.255","article-title":"Neuroimaging of fear-associated learning","volume":"41","author":"Greco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.83","article-title":"The neurocircuitry of fear, stress, and anxiety disorders","volume":"35","author":"Shin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2015.88","article-title":"Neural signatures of human fear conditioning: An updated and extended meta-analysis of fMRI studies","volume":"21","author":"Fullana","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.03.002","article-title":"Fear extinction in the human brain: A meta-analysis of fMRI studies in healthy participants","volume":"88","author":"Fullana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.121208.131631","article-title":"Fear extinction as a model for translational neuroscience: Ten years of progress","volume":"63","author":"Milad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.24.1.897","article-title":"Neurobiology of Pavlovian fear conditioning","volume":"24","author":"Maren","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2513","article-title":"Why do many psychiatric disorders emerge during adolescence?","volume":"9","author":"Paus","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib25","series-title":"Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth, MA: MDText.com, Inc","article-title":"The Normal Menstrual Cycle and the Control of Ovulation. [Updated 2018 Aug 5]","author":"Reed","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.034926.114","article-title":"Inhibition of estradiol synthesis impairs fear extinction in male rats","volume":"21","author":"Graham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Learn Mem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.09.011","article-title":"Estrous cycle phase and gonadal hormones influence conditioned fear extinction","volume":"164","author":"Milad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0374-0","article-title":"Estradiol modulation of the renin\u2013angiotensin system and the regulation of fear extinction","volume":"9","author":"Parrish","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-015-0673-9","article-title":"Contribution of estradiol levels and hormonal contraceptives to sex differences within the fear network during fear conditioning and extinction","volume":"15","author":"Hwang","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.140336","article-title":"Sex differences in conditioned stimulus discrimination during context-dependent fear learning and its retrieval in humans: The role of biological sex, contraceptives and menstrual cycle phases","volume":"40","author":"Lonsdorf","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.120.5.1196","article-title":"Fear conditioning and extinction: Influence of sex and menstrual cycle in healthy humans","volume":"120","author":"Milad","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib32","series-title":"Contraceptive Use by Method 2019: Data Booklet","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2022.101040","article-title":"Oral contraceptives in the central nervous system: Basic pharmacology, methodological considerations, and current state of the field","volume":"68","author":"Hampson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.02.019","article-title":"The association between estradiol levels, hormonal contraceptive use, and responsiveness to one-session-treatment for spider phobia in women","volume":"90","author":"Graham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.09.016","article-title":"No pills, more skills: The adverse effect of hormonal contraceptive use on exposure therapy benefit","volume":"119","author":"Raeder","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsr063","article-title":"Neuronal correlates of extinction learning are modulated by sex hormones","volume":"7","author":"Merz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47446-4","article-title":"Previous contraceptive treatment relates to grey matter volumes in the hippocampus and basal ganglia","volume":"9","author":"Pletzer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1228504","article-title":"Morphologic alterations of the fear circuitry: The role of sex hormones and oral contraceptives","volume":"14","author":"Brouillard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"62","key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib39","first-page":"1","article-title":"Contraceptive methods women have ever used: United States, 1982-2010","author":"Daniels","year":"2013","journal-title":"Natl Health Stat Report"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13650","article-title":"Inconsistent analytic strategies reduce robustness in fear extinction via skin conductance response","volume":"57","author":"Ney","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5876","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.16509","article-title":"Starting the pill during adolescence: Age of onset and duration of use influence morphology of the hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex","volume":"60","author":"Brouillard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2025.107379","article-title":"Comparing immunoassay and mass spectrometry techniques for salivary sex hormone analysis","volume":"174","author":"Brouillard","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2023.105454","article-title":"The role of sex hormones, oral contraceptive use, and its parameters on visuospatial abilities, verbal fluency, and verbal memory","volume":"157","author":"Davignon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.10.011","article-title":"Recall of fear extinction in humans activates the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in concert","volume":"62","author":"Milad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2010.04.028","article-title":"A continuous measure of phasic electrodermal activity","volume":"190","author":"Benedek","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib46","series-title":"The SAGE Encyclopedia of Educational Research, Measurement, and Evaluation","article-title":"Winsorizing","author":"Blaine","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib47","series-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2018.10.010","article-title":"Critical evaluation of current data analysis strategies for psychophysiological measures of fear conditioning and extinction in humans","volume":"134","author":"Ney","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2016.08.002","article-title":"Minimum statistical standards for submissions to Neuroimage: Clinical","volume":"12","author":"Roiser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib50","series-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Science","author":"Cohen","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.10.031","article-title":"Decreased neuroactive steroids induced by combined oral contraceptive pills are not associated with mood changes","volume":"85","author":"Rapkin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.04.032","article-title":"A role for the human dorsal anterior cingulate cortex in fear expression","volume":"62","author":"Milad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.05.017","article-title":"Strengthened hippocampal circuits underlie enhanced retrieval of extinguished fear memories following mindfulness training","volume":"86","author":"Sevinc","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.00204","article-title":"Differential functional connectivity in anterior and posterior hippocampus supporting the development of memory formation","volume":"14","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.76143","article-title":"New insights into anatomical connectivity along the anterior\u2013posterior axis of the human hippocampus using in vivo quantitative fibre tracking","volume":"11","author":"Dalton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.11.031","article-title":"Are the dorsal and ventral hippocampus functionally distinct structures?","volume":"65","author":"Fanselow","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3492","article-title":"The contextual brain: Implications for fear conditioning, extinction and psychopathology","volume":"14","author":"Maren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-022-00448-w","article-title":"Sex differences in the human brain: A roadmap for more careful analysis and interpretation of a biological reality","volume":"13","author":"DeCasien","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol Sex Differ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-5380-2-7","article-title":"Sex differences in the neurobiology of fear conditioning and extinction: A preliminary fMRI study of shared sex differences with stress-arousal circuitry","volume":"2","author":"Lebron-Milad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Mood Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e32832c5e65","article-title":"Sex differences in brain structure in auditory and cingulate regions","volume":"20","author":"Brun","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18788","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1919091117","article-title":"Integrative structural, functional, and transcriptomic analyses of sex-biased brain organization in humans","volume":"117","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.12.004","article-title":"A meta-analysis of sex differences in human brain structure","volume":"39","author":"Ruigrok","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.09.039","article-title":"Context processing and the neurobiology of post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"92","author":"Liberzon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.09121812","article-title":"Exaggerated activation of dorsal anterior cingulate cortex during cognitive interference: A monozygotic twin study of posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"168","author":"Shin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-5380-2-9","article-title":"Quantitative meta-analysis of neural activity in posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"2","author":"Hayes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Mood Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.06.012","article-title":"Hippocampal volume and functional connectivity changes during the female menstrual cycle","volume":"118","author":"Lisofsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104849","article-title":"Oral contraceptive use, especially during puberty, alters resting state functional connectivity","volume":"126","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.12431","article-title":"Conceptualizing puberty as a window of opportunity for impacting health and well-being across the life span","volume":"29","author":"Dorn","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Res Adolesc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2014.67","article-title":"Mechanisms of estradiol in fear circuitry: Implications for sex differences in psychopathology","volume":"4","author":"Cover","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23826","article-title":"Estradiol shifts interactions between the infralimbic cortex and central amygdala to enhance fear extinction memory in female rats","volume":"95","author":"Maeng","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000138","article-title":"Extinction retention and the menstrual cycle: Different associations for women with posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"125","author":"Pineles","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"}],"container-title":["Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2451902225002964?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2451902225002964?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T22:26:26Z","timestamp":1785882386000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2451902225002964"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S2451902225002964"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["2451-9022"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2451-9022","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Associations Between Past and Current Use of Oral Contraceptives and Fear Regulation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.09.018","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Society of Biological Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}