{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:05:56Z","timestamp":1790139956481,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F 30MH139336"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F 30MH139336"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01DA041048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01DA041048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R 01MH131685"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R 01MH131685"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T12:31:30Z","timestamp":1784205090000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Developmental Differences in White Matter Microarchitecture in Youths With Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder: Longitudinal Findings From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"L. Nate","family":"Overholtzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine L.","family":"Bottenhorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hedyeh","family":"Ahmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah L.","family":"Karalunas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley S.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan M.","family":"Herting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4823","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02228-3","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence, and global burden of ADHD from 1990 to 2019 across 204 countries: Data, with critical re-analysis, from the Global Burden of Disease study","volume":"28","author":"Cortese","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-023-01456-1","article-title":"The global prevalence of ADHD in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Salari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.36872","article-title":"Prevalence and trends in diagnosed ADHD among US children and adolescents, 2017\u20132022","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119427","article-title":"The changing prevalence of ADHD? A systematic review","volume":"388","author":"Martin","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib5","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-devpsych-060320-093413","article-title":"Development of ADHD: Etiology, heterogeneity, and early life course","volume":"2","author":"Nigg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Rev Dev Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.02.011","article-title":"Brain alterations in children\/adolescents with ADHD revisited: A neuroimaging meta-analysis of 96 structural and functional studies","volume":"100","author":"Samea","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14050","article-title":"Structural and functional neuroimaging in attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"61","author":"Albajara S\u00e1enz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4098","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02173-1","article-title":"White matter alterations in attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A systematic review of 129 diffusion imaging studies with meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Parlatini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib10","series-title":"Developmental Psychopathology","first-page":"1","article-title":"Attention and impulsivity","author":"Nigg","year":"2016"},{"issue":"suppl 14","key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib11","first-page":"35","article-title":"Role of executive function in ADHD","volume":"64","author":"Swanson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13031","article-title":"Editorial: Can dysregulated myelination be linked to ADHD pathogenesis and persistence?","volume":"60","author":"Lesch","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2022.102957","article-title":"White matter microstructure in children and adolescents with ADHD","volume":"33","author":"Connaughton","year":"2022","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1177\/10870547231167499","article-title":"Altered white matter integrity in ADHD revealed by meta-analysis of tract-based spatial statistics","volume":"27","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Atten Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12778","article-title":"Research review: Diffusion tensor imaging studies of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: Meta-analyses and reflections on head motion","volume":"59","author":"Aoki","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.07.022","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of tract-based spatial statistics studies regarding attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"68","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.09.021","article-title":"A mega-analytic study of white matter microstructural differences across 5 cohorts of youths with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"94","author":"Sudre","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.01.003","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging in attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Van Ewijk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib19","article-title":"Potential pitfalls of using fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity as biomarkers of cerebral white matter microstructure","volume":"15","author":"Figley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21454","article-title":"Probing tissue microstructure with restriction spectrum imaging: Histological and theoretical validation","volume":"34","author":"White","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4638","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-3534","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted imaging in cancer: Physical foundations and applications of restriction spectrum imaging","volume":"74","author":"White","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.06.027","article-title":"White matter compartment models for in vivo diffusion MRI at 300mT\/m","volume":"118","author":"Ferizi","year":"2015","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3327","article-title":"Improved conspicuity and delineation of high-grade primary and metastatic brain tumors using \u201crestriction spectrum imaging\u201d: Quantitative comparison with high B-Value DWI and ADC","volume":"34","author":"White","year":"2013","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2019182528","article-title":"White matter by diffusion MRI following methylphenidate treatment: A randomized control trial in males with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"293","author":"Bouziane","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2014.10.014","article-title":"Attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and medication with stimulants in young children: A DTI study","volume":"57","author":"de Luis-Garc\u00eda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04554-y","article-title":"Brain charts for the human lifespan","volume":"604","author":"Bethlehem","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2021.101044","article-title":"Microstructural development from 9 to 14 years: Evidence from the ABCD Study","volume":"53","author":"Palmer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dev Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-024-00576-x","article-title":"Exposure to multiple ambient air pollutants changes white matter microstructure during early adolescence with sex-specific differences","volume":"4","author":"Cotter","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun Med (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1038\/s44323-025-00050-4","article-title":"Sleep moderates how prenatal and childhood pollutant exposure impacts white matter microstructural integrity in adolescence","volume":"2","author":"Cotter","year":"2025","journal-title":"Npj Biol Timing Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.38300","article-title":"Association of outdoor ambient fine particulate matter with intracellular white matter microstructural properties among children","volume":"4","author":"Burnor","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.20276","article-title":"Associations between socioeconomic status, obesity, cognition, and white matter microstructure in children","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26079","article-title":"White matter microstructure shows sex differences in late childhood: Evidence from 6797 children","volume":"44","author":"Lawrence","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.120287","article-title":"Profiling intra- and inter-individual differences in brain development across early adolescence","volume":"279","author":"Bottenhorn","year":"2023","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5326","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-025-03117-7","article-title":"Multivariate patterns linking brain microstructure to temperament and behavior in adolescent eating disorders","volume":"30","author":"Makowski","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.119611","article-title":"Associations between brain imaging and polygenic scores of mental health and educational attainment in children aged 9\u201311","volume":"263","author":"Fernandez-Cabello","year":"2022","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2024.01.005","article-title":"Disrupted maturation of white matter microstructure after concussion is associated with internalizing behavior scores in female children","volume":"96","author":"Nishat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2023.101301","article-title":"An intracellular isotropic diffusion signal is positively associated with pubertal development in white matter","volume":"63","author":"Newman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dev Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib38","article-title":"Overweight\/Obesity-related microstructural alterations of the fimbria-fornix in the ABCD study: The role of aerobic physical activity","volume":"18","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1038\/s44220-024-00281-7","article-title":"Prenatal cannabis exposure, the brain, and psychopathology during early adolescence","volume":"2","author":"Baranger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Ment Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2017.10.002","article-title":"The conception of the ABCD study: From substance use to a broad NIH collaboration","volume":"32","author":"Volkow","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2018.04.004","article-title":"Recruiting the ABCD sample: Design considerations and procedures","volume":"32","author":"Garavan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116091","article-title":"Image processing and analysis methods for the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study","volume":"202","author":"Hagler","year":"2019","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.0306","article-title":"Rates of incidental findings in brain magnetic resonance imaging in children","volume":"78","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20619","article-title":"Automated white-matter tractography using a probabilistic diffusion tensor atlas: Application to temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"30","author":"Hagler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2017.10.010","article-title":"Demographic, physical and mental health assessments in the adolescent brain and cognitive development study: Rationale and description","volume":"32","author":"Barch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.05.009","article-title":"Development of three web-based computerized versions of the kiddie schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia child psychiatric diagnostic interview: Preliminary validity data","volume":"59","author":"Townsend","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-0736-6","article-title":"The ABCD study: Understanding the development of risk for mental and physical health outcomes","volume":"46","author":"Karcher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib48","series-title":"The Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA): Development, Findings, Theory, and Applications","author":"Achenbach","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.2307\/1913646","article-title":"On the pooling of time series and cross section data","volume":"46","author":"Mundlak","year":"1978","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2018.12.010","article-title":"Correlated random effects models with unbalanced panels","volume":"211","author":"Wooldridge","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Econ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110257","article-title":"Random-Effects, Fixed-Effects and the within-between Specification for Clustered data in Observational Health Studies: A Simulation Study","volume":"9","author":"Dieleman","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2176","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9102176","article-title":"Neuron-glia interactions in neurodevelopmental disorders","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3390\/neuroglia6030034","article-title":"The role of neuroglia in neurodevelopmental disorders and disruptive behavior: A broad review of current literature","volume":"6","author":"\u00c7etin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuroglia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3390\/neuroglia5020009","article-title":"Microglial dyshomeostasis: A common substrate in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"5","author":"Furlan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuroglia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4958","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-0784-7","article-title":"In vivo imaging of dopamine D1 receptor and activated microglia in attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: A positron emission tomography study","volume":"26","author":"Yokokura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2025.116558","article-title":"The role of astrocytes in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: An update","volume":"350","author":"Dury","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036424","article-title":"Astrocyte-specific disruption of SynCAM1 signaling results in ADHD-like behavioral manifestations","volume":"7","author":"Sandau","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.5607\/en.2017.26.4.206","article-title":"Decreased glial GABA and tonic inhibition in cerebellum of mouse model for attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)","volume":"26","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.14348\/molcells.2015.0041","article-title":"Abnormal astrocytosis in the basal ganglia pathway of Git1\u2212\/\u2212 mice","volume":"38","author":"Lim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0269-7","article-title":"Discovery of the first genome-wide significant risk loci for attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"51","author":"Demontis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3040","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.15-270983","article-title":"Sialylation regulates brain structure and function","volume":"29","author":"Yoo","year":"2015","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103358","article-title":"Atypical development in white matter microstructures in ADHD: A longitudinal diffusion imaging study","volume":"79","author":"Chiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19649","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0707741104","article-title":"Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder is characterized by a delay in cortical maturation","volume":"104","author":"Shaw","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2022.103057","article-title":"Longitudinal changes of ADHD symptoms in association with white matter microstructure: A tract-specific fixel-based analysis","volume":"35","author":"Damatac","year":"2022","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib65","first-page":"1103","article-title":"Longitudinal trajectories of white matter development in attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"8","author":"Fuelscher","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-023-00955-y","article-title":"The cortico-limbo-thalamo-cortical circuits: An update to the original Papez circuit of the human limbic system","volume":"36","author":"Kamali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Topogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13030676","article-title":"White Matter microstructural Abnormalities in children with familial vs. non-familial attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)","volume":"13","author":"Baboli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib68","article-title":"Classification of familial and non-familial ADHD using auto-encoding network and binary hypothesis testing","author":"Baboli","year":"2025","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.13070966","article-title":"Emotion dysregulation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"171","author":"Shaw","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1038\/s44220-024-00251-z","article-title":"Emotion dysregulation and right pars orbitalis constitute a neuropsychological pathway to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"2","author":"Hou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Ment Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579419000671","article-title":"Emotion dysregulation and emerging psychopathology: A transdiagnostic, transdisciplinary perspective","volume":"31","author":"Beauchaine","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-024-00512-4","article-title":"Irritability as a transdiagnostic construct across childhood and adolescence: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Chin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01666-3","article-title":"Fronto-limbic neural variability as a transdiagnostic correlate of emotion dysregulation","volume":"11","author":"Kebets","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-01192-8","article-title":"Multimethod investigation of the neurobiological basis of ADHD symptomatology in children aged 9-10: Baseline data from the ABCD study","volume":"11","author":"Owens","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13817","article-title":"Editorial Perspective: When is a \u2018small effect\u2019 actually large and impactful?","volume":"64","author":"Carey","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1138670","article-title":"Population level multimodal neuroimaging correlates of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder among children","volume":"17","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.08.470","article-title":"KSADS-COMP perspectives on child psychiatric diagnostic assessment and treatment planning","volume":"60","author":"Kaufman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jcv2.12109","article-title":"Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and white matter microstructure: The importance of dimensional analyses and sex differences","volume":"2","author":"Jones","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCPP Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-021-00556-y","article-title":"Sex differences in microstructural alterations in the corpus callosum tracts in drug-na\u00efve children with ADHD","volume":"16","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.70072","article-title":"Sex differences in white matter structure in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: MR diffusion fixel-based analysis","volume":"35","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"}],"container-title":["Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2451902226001928?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2451902226001928?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T04:35:08Z","timestamp":1790138108000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2451902226001928"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":80,"alternative-id":["S2451902226001928"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["2451-9022"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2451-9022","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Developmental Differences in White Matter Microarchitecture in Youths With Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder: Longitudinal Findings From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpsc.2026.06.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier Inc on behalf of the Society of Biological Psychiatry.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}