{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T04:21:24Z","timestamp":1791174084685,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T14:15:16Z","timestamp":1666707316000},"page":"1021-1029","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Increased Aperiodic Neural Activity During Sleep in Major Depressive Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6792-787X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yevgenia","family":"Rosenblum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonore","family":"Bovy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederik D.","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Steiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Zeising","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Dresler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib1","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2009.09.003","article-title":"Comorbidity of insomnia and depression","volume":"14","author":"Staner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2012.07.009","article-title":"Circadian dimension and severity of depression","volume":"22","author":"Courtet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(00)00178-5","article-title":"Slow-wave activity in NREM sleep: Sex and age effects in depressed outpatients and healthy controls","volume":"95","author":"Armitage","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib6","article-title":"Non-REM sleep in major depressive disorder","author":"Bovy","year":"2021","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1007\/s12021-022-09581-8","article-title":"Separating neural oscillations from aperiodic 1\/f activity: Challenges and recommendations","volume":"20","author":"Gerster","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3502","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15361","article-title":"Methodological considerations for studying neural oscillations","volume":"55","author":"Donoghue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116304","article-title":"Decomposing alpha and 1\/f brain activities reveals their differential associations with cognitive processing speed","volume":"205","author":"Ouyang","year":"2020","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.70068","article-title":"Modality-specific tracking of attention and sensory statistics in the human electrophysiological spectral exponent","volume":"10","author":"Waschke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2014.04.003","article-title":"Scale-free brain activity: Past, present, and future","volume":"18","author":"He","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000609","article-title":"Power-law scaling in the brain surface electric potential","volume":"5","author":"Miller","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.04.020","article-title":"The temporal structures and functional significance of scale-free brain activity","volume":"66","author":"He","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.04.016","article-title":"Dynamic network communication as a unifying neural basis for cognition, development, aging, and disease","volume":"77","author":"Voytek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.06.078","article-title":"Inferring synaptic excitation\/inhibition balance from field potentials","volume":"158","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.55092","article-title":"An electrophysiological marker of arousal level in humans","volume":"9","author":"Lendner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.03.005","article-title":"Searching for cross-diagnostic convergence: Neural mechanisms governing excitation and inhibition balance in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders","volume":"81","author":"Foss-Feig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)93021-8","article-title":"A\u00a0cholinergic-adrenergic hypothesis of mania and depression","volume":"300","author":"Janowsky","year":"1972","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.3109\/09540261.2013.812067","article-title":"Sleep as a biomarker for depression","volume":"25","author":"Wichniak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Rev Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0252-9","article-title":"Glutamatergic neurometabolite levels in major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies","volume":"24","author":"Moriguchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2010.120","article-title":"The GABAergic deficit hypothesis of major depressive disorder","volume":"16","author":"Luscher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib22","first-page":"S86","article-title":"Biomarkers of reduced inhibition in human cortical microcircuit signals in depression","volume":"49","author":"Mazza","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Comput Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(00)00527-7","article-title":"The five percent electrode system for high-resolution EEG and ERP measurements","volume":"112","author":"Oostenveld","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib24","series-title":"The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events: Rules, Terminology, and Technical Specifications","author":"Iber","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-015-0448-0","article-title":"Separating fractal and oscillatory components in the power spectrum of neurophysiological signal","volume":"29","author":"Wen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Topogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3241","article-title":"The origin of extracellular fields and currents\u2014EEG, ECoG, LFP and spikes","volume":"13","author":"Buzs\u00e1ki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.06.026","article-title":"The large-scale functional connectivity correlates of consciousness and arousal during the healthy and pathological human sleep cycle","volume":"160","author":"Tagliazucchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib28","article-title":"Complexity and 1\/f slope jointly reflect cortical states across different E\/I balances","author":"Medel","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(02)00066-0","article-title":"Integrative neurocomputational perspectives on cognitive aging, neuromodulation, and representation","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13257","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2332-14.2015","article-title":"Age-related changes in 1\/f neural electrophysiological noise","volume":"35","author":"Voytek","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24393","article-title":"Changes in EEG multiscale entropy and power-law frequency scaling during the human sleep cycle","volume":"40","author":"Miskovic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.01.024","article-title":"The spectral exponent of the resting EEG indexes the presence of consciousness during unresponsiveness induced by propofol, xenon, and ketamine","volume":"189","author":"Colombo","year":"2019","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.02.637","article-title":"Disturbances in aperiodic neural activity during resting state in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"89","author":"Ramsay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-0727-3","article-title":"Altered GABA-mediated information processing and cognitive dysfunctions in depression and other brain disorders","volume":"26","author":"Pr\u00e9vot","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2014.68","article-title":"Why are cortical GABA neurons relevant to internal focus in depression? A cross-level model linking cellular, biochemical and neural network findings","volume":"19","author":"Northoff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25760","article-title":"One-week escitalopram intake alters the excitation\u2013inhibition balance in the healthy female brain","volume":"43","author":"Zsido","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20030607","article-title":"Depression and sleep","volume":"20","author":"Steiger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2012.11.001","article-title":"REM sleep dysregulation in depression: state of the art","volume":"17","author":"Palagini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-017-0816-4","article-title":"Effects of antidepressants on sleep","volume":"19","author":"Wichniak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"}],"container-title":["Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2667174322001331?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2667174322001331?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T07:47:46Z","timestamp":1757404066000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2667174322001331"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S2667174322001331"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2022.06.03.22275735","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2667-1743"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2667-1743","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Increased Aperiodic Neural Activity During Sleep in Major Depressive Disorder","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.10.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc on behalf of the Society of Biological Psychiatry.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}