{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T10:43:32Z","timestamp":1789469012764,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001729","name":"Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KF10-0039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KF10-0039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001729","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003792","name":"Hj\u00e4rnfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FO2025-0004-HK-212"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FO2025-0004-HK-212"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003792","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021-00167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-00167"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022-01643"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-01643"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022401","name":"Fulbright US Student Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022401","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004885","name":"Ume\u00e5 Universitet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004885","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T14:04:56Z","timestamp":1778767496000},"page":"100754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Electroconvulsive Treatment for Depression Alters Mitochondrial Serum Metabolites"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0345-3430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik","family":"P\u00e5lsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1505-1532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Sigstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Salehi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattias","family":"Hedenstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Nordenskj\u00f6ld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikael","family":"Land\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00395-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of 12 mental disorders in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"9","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib2","article-title":"The excess costs of depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"K\u00f6nig","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12251","article-title":"What was learned: Studies by the consortium for research in ECT (CORE) 1997\u20132011","volume":"129","author":"Fink","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib4","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and acceptability of non-surgical brain stimulation for the acute treatment of major depressive episodes in adults: Systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"364","author":"Mutz","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2025.106060","article-title":"Inflammatory markers associated with electroconvulsive therapy response in patients with depression: A meta-analysis","volume":"170","author":"Dellink","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.13916","article-title":"Blood-based circRNA\/miRNA biomarkers for modified electroconvulsive therapy efficacy and memory impairment in major depressive disorder","volume":"80","author":"Gao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02582-4","article-title":"Baseline levels of miR-223-3p correlate with the effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy in patients with major depression","volume":"13","author":"Kaurani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0090-0","article-title":"Multivariate meta-analyses of mitochondrial complex I and IV in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, Alzheimer disease, and Parkinson disease","volume":"44","author":"Holper","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddi022","article-title":"Altered expression of mitochondria-related genes in postmortem brains of patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia, as revealed by large-scale DNA microarray analysis","volume":"14","author":"Iwamoto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbacli.2016.03.008","article-title":"Blood metabolomics analysis identifies abnormalities in the citric acid cycle, urea cycle, and amino acid metabolism in bipolar disorder","volume":"5","author":"Yoshimi","year":"2016","journal-title":"BBA Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2013.05.005","article-title":"Mitochondrial respiration in blood platelets of depressive patients","volume":"13","author":"Hroudov\u00e1","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01723-x","article-title":"Blood-based mitochondrial respiratory chain function in major depression","volume":"11","author":"Fernstr\u00f6m","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.47.1.1","article-title":"Review of the literature on major mental disorders in adult patients with mitochondrial diseases","volume":"47","author":"Fattal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-018-0124-1","article-title":"The multifaceted contributions of mitochondria to cellular metabolism","volume":"20","author":"Spinelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-006-9185-9","article-title":"Effect of electroconvulsive shock on mitochondrial respiratory chain in rat brain","volume":"31","author":"B\u00farigo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1039\/b209155k","article-title":"Application of chemometrics to 1H NMR spectroscopic data to investigate a relationship between human serum metabolic profiles and hypertension","volume":"128","author":"Brindle","year":"2003","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1428","article-title":"NMR-based metabolomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid and serum in neurological diseases\u2014A diagnostic tool?","volume":"23","author":"Sinclair","year":"2010","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.02.019","article-title":"Metabolomics tools for identifying biomarkers for neuropsychiatric diseases","volume":"35","author":"Quinones","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib19","series-title":"ECT, Kliniska Riktlinjer","author":"Nordanskog","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-00984-0","article-title":"Genome-wide association study of patients with a severe major depressive episode treated with electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"26","author":"Clements","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib21","series-title":"ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology","first-page":"218","article-title":"Clinical Global Impressions","author":"Guy","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2016.1140164","article-title":"Serum nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics and outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients\u2014A pilot study","volume":"57","author":"Stenson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib23","series-title":"Applied Longitudinal Analysis","author":"Fitzmaurice","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib24","author":"Pinheiro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4265","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-0645-4","article-title":"An integrated meta-analysis of peripheral blood metabolites and biological functions in major depressive disorder","volume":"26","author":"Pu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95221-1","article-title":"Metabolomics-based discrimination of patients with remitted depression from healthy controls using 1H-NMR spectroscopy","volume":"11","author":"Hung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(99)00034-9","article-title":"The effects of pyruvate supplementation on body composition in overweight individuals","volume":"15","author":"Kalman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20141171","article-title":"Mitochondrial pyruvate transport: A historical perspective and future research directions","volume":"466","author":"McCommis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2005.07.010","article-title":"Changes in plasma amino acids after electroconvulsive therapy of depressed patients","volume":"137","author":"Palmio","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2020.140482","article-title":"d-alanine: Distribution, origin, physiological relevance, and implications in disease","volume":"1868","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15091270","article-title":"Impact of D-amino acids in schizophrenia","volume":"15","author":"Dursun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7037","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25137037","article-title":"Origin and roles of alanine and glutamine in gluconeogenesis in the liver, kidneys, and small intestine under physiological and pathological conditions","volume":"25","author":"Hole\u010dek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119594","article-title":"Association between ketone metabolism and the risk of depression: An observational and Mendelian randomization study","volume":"388","author":"Dong","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119652","article-title":"Association between dietary ketogenic ratio and depressive symptoms: A population-based cross-sectional study using 2007\u20132018 NHANES data","volume":"389","author":"Zhuang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2973","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-024-04446-4","article-title":"Nutritional strategies in major depression disorder: From ketogenic diet to modulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis","volume":"62","author":"Nikdasti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.200176","article-title":"Metabolomics of human fasting: New insights about old questions","volume":"10","author":"Kondoh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.07.009","article-title":"Can psychomotor disturbance predict ECT outcome in depression?","volume":"117","author":"van Diermen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-025-03292-9","article-title":"Lack of association between pretreatment glutamate\/GABA and major depressive disorder treatment response","volume":"15","author":"Dai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2667174326000674?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2667174326000674?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T09:23:14Z","timestamp":1789464194000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2667174326000674"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S2667174326000674"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754","relation":{},"ISSN":["2667-1743"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2667-1743","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Electroconvulsive Treatment for Depression Alters Mitochondrial Serum Metabolites","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2026.100754","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier Inc on behalf of the Society of Biological Psychiatry.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100754"}}