{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T10:03:21Z","timestamp":1791021801727,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["brachyjournal.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brachytherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T11:14:17Z","timestamp":1753269257000},"page":"644-662","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["High-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy boost in combination with external beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: An evidence-based consensus statement"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5174-2096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sagar A.","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Kollmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0711-3318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juanita","family":"Crook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Krauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerard","family":"Morton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert J.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joelle","family":"Helou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I-Chow","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2609-9208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cynthia","family":"Menard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4969-3317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shyamal","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0211-5552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyler","family":"Robin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5442-2784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter J.","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Zelefsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchell R.","family":"Kamrava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.72.0466","article-title":"Brachytherapy for patients with prostate Cancer: american Society of Clinical Oncology\/Cancer Care Ontario Joint Guideline update","volume":"35","author":"Chin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.01.008","article-title":"ASCENDE-RT: an analysis of treatment-related morbidity for a randomized trial comparing a low-dose-rate brachytherapy boost with a dose-escalated external beam boost for high- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer","volume":"98","author":"Rodda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2023.08.046","article-title":"Trimodality therapy with Iodine-125 brachytherapy, external beam radiation therapy, and short- or long-term androgen deprivation therapy for high-risk localized prostate cancer: results of a multicenter, randomized phase 3 trial (TRIP\/TRIGU0907)","volume":"118","author":"Yorozu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2024.02.064","article-title":"A randomized trial comparing quality of life after low-dose rate or high-dose rate prostate brachytherapy boost with pelvic external beam radiation therapy","volume":"120","author":"Crook","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2016.09.006","article-title":"American Brachytherapy Society Task Group report: combination of brachytherapy and external beam radiation for high-risk prostate cancer","volume":"16","author":"Spratt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2021.07.006","article-title":"Low dose rate brachytherapy for primary treatment of localized prostate cancer: a systemic review and executive summary of an evidence-based consensus statement","volume":"20","author":"King","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.00626","article-title":"The American Brachytherapy Society and the American Radium Society Appropriate Use Criteria genitourinary Committee endorse the American Society of Clinical Oncology\/Cancer Care Ontario Guidelines","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clinc Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2017.12.08","article-title":"High dose-rate brachytherapy in the treatment of prostate cancer","volume":"7","author":"Mendez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2006.08.006","article-title":"Comparative study of dosimetry between high-dose-rate and permanent prostate implant brachytherapies in patients with prostate adenocarcinoma","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1097\/COC.0b013e3181b9cd2f","article-title":"High-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy: excellent accelerated-hypofractionated treatment for favorable prostate cancer","volume":"33","author":"Martinez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3136","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.42.0489","article-title":"American society of clinical oncology clinical practice guidelines: formal systemic review-based consensus methodology","volume":"30","author":"Lobular","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(99)00406-X","article-title":"LDR vs. HDR brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer: the view from radiobiologic models","volume":"46","author":"King","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(99)00406-X","article-title":"Optimal radiotherapy for prostate cancer: predictions for conventional external beam, IMRT, and brachytherapy from radiobiologic models","volume":"46","author":"King","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2020.09.047","article-title":"Randomised trial of external beam radiotherapy alone or with high-dose-rate brachytherapy boost for prostate cancer: mature 12-year results","volume":"154","author":"Hoskin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30757-5","volume":"20","author":"Denham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2019.01.013","article-title":"Improved survival for patients with prostate cancer receiving high-dose-rate brachytherapy boost to EBRT compared with EBRT alone","volume":"18","author":"Kent","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-022-01953-y","article-title":"Propensity score-matched analysis comparing dose-escalated intensity-modulated radiation therapy versus external beam radiation therapy plus high-dose-rate brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer","volume":"198","author":"Tamihardja","year":"2022","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2025.03.053","article-title":"A randomized comparison of high-dose-rate and low-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy combined with external beam radiation therapy for unfavorable prostate cancer: efficacy results after median follow-up of 74 months","author":"Crook","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-023-02314-0","article-title":"Comparison of outcomes in high-risk prostate cancer patients treated with low-\/high-dose-rate brachytherapy plus external beam radiotherapy","volume":"28","author":"Imai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6165","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85682-9","article-title":"High-dose-rate brachytherapy with external beam radiotherapy versus low-dose-rate brachytherapy with or without external beam radiotherapy for clinically localized prostate cancer","volume":"11","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2018.12.007","article-title":"A comparative analysis of overall survival between high-dose-rate and low-dose-rate brachytherapy boosts for unfavorable-risk prostate cancer","volume":"18","author":"King","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.02873","article-title":"Focal boost to the intraprostatic tumor in external beam radiotherapy for patients with localized prostate cancer: results from the FLAME randomized phase III trial","volume":"39","author":"Kerkmeijer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2023.09.051","article-title":"Long-term quality-of-life outcomes after prostate radiation with or without high-dose-rate brachytherapy boost: post hoc analysis of TROG 03.04 RADAR","volume":"119","author":"Ong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2022.04.006","article-title":"Combined brachytherapy and ultra-hypo fractionated radiotherapy for intermediate-risk prostate cancer: comparison of toxicity outcomes using a high-dose-rate (HDR) versus low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy boost","volume":"21","author":"Kollmeier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2021.07.005","article-title":"Patient-reported outcomes after low-dose-rate versus high-dose-rate brachytherapy boost in combination with external beam radiation for intermediate and high risk prostate cancer","volume":"20","author":"Dhere","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2020.11.023","article-title":"Impact of high-dose-rate and low-dose-rate brachytherapy boost on toxicity, functional and cancer outcomes in patients receiving external beam radiation therapy for prostate cancer: a national population-based study","volume":"109","author":"Parry","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2020.11.008","article-title":"Long-term results of NRG oncology\/RTOG 0321: a phase II trial of combined high dose rate brachytherapy and external beam radiation therapy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate","volume":"110","author":"Hsu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.10.014","article-title":"Long-term outcome of high dose rate brachytherapy in radiotherapy of localized prostate cancer","volume":"74","author":"Astrom","year":"2005","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1080\/02841860601156140","article-title":"Clinical outcome in patients with prostate cancer treated with external beam radiotherapy and high dose-rate iridium 192 brachytherapy boost: a 6-year follow\u2013up","volume":"46","author":"Kalkner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.09.021","article-title":"High-dose-rate brachytherapy boost for prostate cancer: comparison of two different fractionation schemes","volume":"82","author":"Kaprealian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(02)00408-5","article-title":"Results of high dose rate afterloading brachytherapy boost to conventional external beam radiation therapy for initial and locally advanced prostate cancer","volume":"66","author":"Pellizzon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2009.05.001","article-title":"External beam radiotherapy plus high-dose-rate brachytherapy for treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer: the initial experience of the Catalan Institute of Oncology","volume":"9","author":"Pistis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.02.055","article-title":"High-dose-rate brachytherapy of a single implant with two fractions combined with external beam radiotherapy for hormone-na\u00efve prostate cancer","volume":"72","author":"Sato","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.05.054","article-title":"Single-fraction high-dose-rate brachytherapy and hypofractionated external beam radiotherapy for men with intermediate-risk prostate cancer: analysis of short- and median-term toxicity and quality of life","volume":"77","author":"Morton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.10.035","article-title":"Dose escalation improves cancer-related events at 10 years for intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer patients treated with hypofractionated high-dose-rate boost and external beam radiotherapy","volume":"79","author":"Martinez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2015.02.023","article-title":"High dose-rate brachytherapy boost for intermediate risk prostate cancer: long-term outcomes of two treatment schedules and early biochemical predictors of success","volume":"115","author":"Helou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2017.06.012","article-title":"High-dose-rate brachytherapy boost for prostate cancer treatment: different combinations of hypofractionated regimens and clinical outcomes","volume":"124","author":"Vigneault","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0038","unstructured":"NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. Prostate Cancer Version 1.2025. Accessed October 14 2024. NCCN.org."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6022","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-0561","article-title":"Androgen withdrawal in patients reduces prostate cancer hypoxia: implications for disease progression and radiation response","volume":"67","author":"Milosevic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-13-0172","article-title":"Androgen receptor signaling regulates DNA repair in prostate cancers","volume":"3","author":"Polkinghorn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Discovery"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.11.005","article-title":"An updated analysis of the survival endpoints of ASCENDE-RT","volume":"115","author":"Oh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2021.6871","article-title":"Interplay between duration of androgen deprivation therapy and external beam radiotherapy with or without a brachytherapy boost for optimal treatment of high-risk prostate cancer: a patient-level data analysis of 3 cohorts","volume":"8","author":"Kishan","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3203","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.02390","article-title":"Dose-escalated radiotherapy alone or in combination with short-term androgen deprivation for intermediate-risk prostate cancer: results of a phase III multi-institutional trial","volume":"41","author":"Krauss","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2015.08.027","article-title":"Cardiovascular mortality following short-term androgen deprivation therapy in clinically localized prostate cancer: an analysis of RTOG 94-08","volume":"69","author":"Voog","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa074311","article-title":"Quality of life and satisfaction with outcome among prostate-cancer survivors","volume":"358","author":"Sanda","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.2002.02917.x","article-title":"Altered cognitive function in men treated for prostate cancer with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues and cyproterone acetate: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"90","author":"Green","year":"2002","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.08.024","article-title":"Impact of short course hormonal therapy on overall and cancer specific survival after permanent prostate brachytherapy","volume":"61","author":"Beyer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4448","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.06.2497","article-title":"Diabetes and cardiovascular disease during androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer","volume":"24","author":"Keating","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0049","first-page":"15","author":"Water","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.04.004","article-title":"Lack of benefit for the addition of androgen deprivation therapy to dose-escalated radiotherapy in the treatment of intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer","volume":"80","author":"Krauss","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Pays"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-014-0794-y","article-title":"Additional androgen deprivation makes the difference: biochemical recurrence-free survival in prostate cancer patients after HDR brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy","volume":"191","author":"Schiffmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1097\/COC.0b013e31818cd277","article-title":"Excellent results from high dose rate brachytherapy and external beam for prostate cancer are not improved by androgen deprivation","volume":"32","author":"Demanes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2003.08.003","article-title":"Long-term outcome by risk factors using conformal high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) boost with or without neoadjuvant androgen suppression for localized prostate cancer","volume":"58","author":"Galalae","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2017.01.006","article-title":"Nationwide multi-institutional retrospective analysis of high-dose-rate brachytherapy combined with external beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: an Asian Prostate HDR-BT Consortium","volume":"16","author":"Ishiyama","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2019.11.415","article-title":"Radiation dose escalation or longer androgen suppression to prevent distant progression in men with locally advanced prostate cancer: 10-year data from the TROG 03.04 RADAR trial","volume":"106","author":"Joseph","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2008.09.004","article-title":"Toxicity and early treatment outcomes in low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer managed by high-dose-rate brachytherapy as a monotherapy","volume":"8","author":"Ghadjar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2008.12.007","article-title":"Association of urethral toxicity with dose exposure in combined high-dose-rate brachytherapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy in intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer","volume":"91","author":"Ghadjar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.11.006","volume":"75","author":"Ishiyama","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2008.11.013","article-title":"Urethral stricture following high dose rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer","volume":"91","author":"Sullivan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2010.09.005","article-title":"Urethral toxicity vs. cancer control - lessons to be learned from high-dose rate brachytherapy combined with intensity-modulated radiation therapy in intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer","volume":"10","author":"Ghadjar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2012.03.004","article-title":"Urethral strictures following high-dose-rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer: analysis of risk factors","volume":"12","author":"Hindson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2014.06.031","article-title":"Dose to the bladder neck is the most important predictor for acute and late toxicity after low-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy: implications for establishing new dose constricts for treatment planning","volume":"90","author":"Hathout","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2020.06.017","article-title":"Dose to the bladder neck is not correlated with urinary toxicity in patients with prostate cancer treated with HDR brachytherapy boost","volume":"19","author":"Aicha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2020.06.011","article-title":"Predictors of urinary toxicity with MRI-assisted radiosurgery for low-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy","volume":"19","author":"Boyce-Fappiano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2024.05.009","article-title":"Urinary organs at risk for prostate cancer external beam radiation therapy: contouring guidelines on behalf of the francophone group of urological radiation therapy","volume":"14","author":"Le Guevelou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pract Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2021.12.027","article-title":"Urethral and bladder dose-effect relations for late genitourinary toxicity following external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer in the FLAME trial","volume":"167","author":"Groen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.01.022","article-title":"Intraprostatic urethra: the new kid on the block for prostate cancer radiation therapy?","volume":"113","author":"Zilli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2016.12.024","article-title":"Continued benefit to rectal separation for prostate radiation therapy: final results of a phase III trial","volume":"97","author":"Hamstra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2022.7592","article-title":"Hyaluronic acid spacer for hypofractionated prostate radiation therapy: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"9","author":"Mariados","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2023.08.003","article-title":"Sexual structure sparing for prostate cancer radiotherapy: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Le Guevelou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Uro Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30753-1","article-title":"MRI-guided adaptive brachytherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer (EMBRACE-1): a multicentre prospective cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Potter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2021.12.047","article-title":"GEC-ESTRO ACROP prostate brachytherapy guidelines","volume":"167","author":"Henry","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1118\/1.598373","article-title":"American Association of Physicists in Medicine Radiation Therapy Committee Task Group 53. Quality assurance for clinical radiotherapy treatment planning","volume":"25","year":"1998","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2016.04.003","article-title":"Intraoperative ultrasound-based planning can effectively replace postoperative CT-based planning for high-dose-rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer","volume":"15","author":"Batchelar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2007.06.030","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) anatomy of the prostate and application of MRI in radiotherapy planning","volume":"63","author":"Villeirs","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2017.01.007","article-title":"Dosimetric impact of contouring and needle reconstruction uncertainties in US-, CT-, and MRI-based high-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy treatment planning","volume":"123","author":"Rylander","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2019.12.005","article-title":"Clinical utility and value contribution of an MRI-positive line marker for image-guided brachytherapy in gynecologic malignancies","volume":"19","author":"Ning","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2023.11.011","article-title":"Timing of high-dose-rate brachytherapy with external beam radiation therapy in patients with intermediate- and high-risk localized prostate cancer and its effects on toxicity and quality of life: a randomized controlled trial (THEPCA)","volume":"119","author":"Choudhury","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0079","first-page":"22","article-title":"PIVOTALboost: a phase III randomised controlled trial of prostate and pelvis versus prostate alone radiotherapy with or without prostate boost (CRUK\/16\/018)","volume":"25","author":"Syndikus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Transl Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2021.08.006","article-title":"Early outcomes of high-dose-rate brachytherapy combined with ultra-hypofractionated radiation in higher-risk prostate cancer","volume":"20","author":"Gorovets","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0081","article-title":"Comparison of four-year toxicities and local control of ultra-hypofractionated vs moderate-hypofractionated image guided prostate radiation with HDR brachytherapy boost: a phase I-II single institution trial","volume":"8","author":"Beaudry","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Transl Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2023.11.058","article-title":"Is ultrahypofractionated whole pelvis radiation therapy (WPRT) as well tolerated as conventionally fractionated WPRT in patients with prostate cancer? Early results from the HOPE trial","volume":"119","author":"Mendez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(01)02658-X","article-title":"Factors influencing risk of acute urinary retention after TRUS-guided permanent prostate seed implantation","volume":"52","author":"Crook","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.05.022","article-title":"Predictive factors for acute and late urinary toxicity after permanent prostate brachytherapy: long-term outcome in 712 consecutive patients","volume":"79","author":"Keyes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2009.08664.x","article-title":"Previous transurethral resection of the prostate is not a contraindication to high-dose rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer","volume":"104","author":"Hao","year":"2009","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2018.08.009","article-title":"Patient-reported health-related quality of life outcomes after HDR brachytherapy between small (<60 cc) and large (>60 cc) prostate glands","volume":"18","author":"Press","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(01)02812-7","article-title":"Predictive factors of urinary retention following prostate brachytherapy","volume":"53","author":"Bucci","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2005.06.109","article-title":"Selecting patients with pretreatment postvoid residual urinary volume less than 100 mL may favorably influence brachytherapy-related urinary morbidity","volume":"66","author":"Beekman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2019.06.001","article-title":"High-dose-rate brachytherapy appears safe in patients with high baseline International Prostate Symptom scores","volume":"18","author":"Morgan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2013.08.004","article-title":"Validation study of ultrasound-based high-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy planning compared with CT-based planning","volume":"13","author":"Batchelar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"}],"container-title":["Brachytherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1538472125001175?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1538472125001175?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T03:06:40Z","timestamp":1756436800000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1538472125001175"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1538472125001175"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1538-4721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1538-4721","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"High-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy boost in combination with external beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: An evidence-based consensus statement","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brachytherapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brachy.2025.06.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 American Brachytherapy Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}