{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T23:51:00Z","timestamp":1778975460938,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,1]],"date-time":"2005-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1128124800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain and Development"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,17]],"date-time":"2005-03-17T21:24:01Z","timestamp":1111094641000},"page":"494-503","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Effect of Turner's syndrome and X-linked imprinting on cognitive status: analysis based on pedigree data"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Danuta Z.","family":"Loesch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Quang Minh","family":"Bui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Kelso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard M.","family":"Huggins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Howard","family":"Slater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Garry","family":"Warne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Bergman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Rodda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert John","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margot","family":"Prior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1990.tb00379.x","article-title":"A cytogenetic and molecular reappraisal of a series of patients with Turner's syndrome","volume":"54","author":"Jacobs","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05487-3","article-title":"Turner's syndrome","volume":"358","author":"Ranke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.8.4.485","article-title":"Developments in the concept of working memory","volume":"8","author":"Baddeley","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib4","series-title":"Attention and performance VIII","article-title":"Spatial working memory","author":"Baddeley","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1080\/87565649809540715","article-title":"A re-examination of the visuospatial deficit in Turner syndrome: contributions of working memory","volume":"14","author":"Buchanan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dev Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.8.4.494","article-title":"Neuropsychology and working memory: a review","volume":"8","author":"Gathercole","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1076\/chin.6.4.262.3144","article-title":"Visual integration difficulties in a 9 year old girls with Turner syndrome: parallel verbal disabilities?","volume":"6","author":"Hepworth","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Dev Cogn Sect C Child Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2626(01)80041-5","article-title":"Visuospatial working memory in Turner's syndrome","volume":"46","author":"Cornoldi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2779(2000)6:2<135::AID-MRDD8>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental and psychosocial aspects of Turners syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Ross","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.2.218","article-title":"Persistent cognitive deficits in adult women with Turner syndrome","volume":"58","author":"Ross","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949102400107","article-title":"Cognitive ability and everyday functioning in women with Turner syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Downey","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Learn Disabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-199310000-00007","article-title":"The neurocognitive phenotype of female carriers of fragile X: additional evidence for specificity","volume":"14","author":"Mazzocco","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.S3.492","article-title":"A process approach to describing mathematics difficulties in girls with Turner syndrome","volume":"102","author":"Mazzocco","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949302600506","article-title":"The psychoeducational characteristics of children with Turner syndrome","volume":"26","author":"Rovet","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Learn Disabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1080\/01688639408402696","article-title":"Specific arithmetic calculation deficits in children with Turner syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Rovet","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib16","first-page":"7","article-title":"Intelligence, behaviour, and psychosocial development in Turner's syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Swillen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Genet Couns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1080\/87565649609540657","article-title":"Frontal lobe function and executive skills in children with Turner's syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Temple","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dev Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-7138(09)60606-3","article-title":"Psychosocial functioning in girls with Turner's syndrome and short stature: social skills, behaviour problems, and self-concept","volume":"25","author":"McCauley","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.2307\/1130523","article-title":"The Turner syndrome: cognitive deficits, affective discrimination, and behavior problems","volume":"58","author":"McCauley","year":"1987","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026000111467","article-title":"Social functioning among girls with fragile X or Turner syndrome and their sisters","volume":"28","author":"Mazzocco","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410340117","article-title":"The effects of X monosomy on brain development: monozygotic twins discordant for Turner's syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Reiss","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-199708000-00009","article-title":"Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, self-regulation and time: toward a more comprehensive theory","volume":"18","author":"Barkley","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1080\/87565648809540405","article-title":"Assessing frontal lobe functioning in children: views from developmental psychology","volume":"4","author":"Welsh","year":"1988","journal-title":"Dev Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1080\/87565649809540700","article-title":"Arithmetical disability in Turner's syndrome: a cognitive neuropsychological analysis","volume":"14","author":"Temple","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dev Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19980901)79:2<140::AID-AJMG10>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"The transition to young adulthood in Ullrich-Turner syndrome: neurodevelopmental changes","volume":"79","author":"Romans","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.1044","article-title":"Functional neuroanatomy of visuo-spatial working memory in Turner syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Haberecht","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1976.tb00156.x","article-title":"Extensions to pedigree analysis. III. Variance components by the scoring method","volume":"50","author":"Lange","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.10129","article-title":"Application of robust pedigree analysis in studies of complex genotype\u2013phenotype relationships in fragile X syndrome","volume":"107","author":"Loesch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.20214","article-title":"Effect of fragile X status categories and FMRP deficits on cognitive profiles estimated by robust pedigree analysis","volume":"122A","author":"Loesch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.1996.sp003922","article-title":"The wellcome prize lecture. Genetic imprinting: the battle of the sexes rages on","volume":"81","author":"Reik","year":"1996","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.8.9.881","article-title":"Imprinting mechanisms","volume":"8","author":"Constancia","year":"1998","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI9460","article-title":"The impact of genomic imprinting for neurobehavioural and developmental disorders","volume":"105","author":"Nicholls","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"463","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib33","first-page":"468","article-title":"Genomic imprinting in the brain","volume":"7","author":"Keverne","year":"1997","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(01)33021-2","article-title":"Genomic imprinting and the maternal brain","volume":"133","author":"Keverne","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1038\/42706","article-title":"Evidence from Turner's syndrome of an imprinted X-linked locus affecting cognitive function","volume":"387","author":"Skuse","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(99)00118-9","article-title":"Distinctive patterns of memory function in subgroups of females with Turner syndrome: evidence for imprinted loci on the X-chromosome affecting neurodevelopment","volume":"38","author":"Bishop","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00289-0","article-title":"Effects of X-monosomy and X-linked imprinting on superior temporal gyrus morphology in Turner syndrome","volume":"56","author":"Kesler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib38","series-title":"The Wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence-revised","author":"Wechsler","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib39","series-title":"WAIS-III: the Wechsler adult intelligence scale-third edition: administration and scoring manual","author":"Wechsler","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib40","series-title":"Manual for the Wechsler intelligence scale for children-third edition (Australian Adaptation-1992)","author":"Wechsler","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1080\/01688639108405107","article-title":"Wisconsin card sorting test performance as a measure of frontal lobe damage","volume":"13","author":"Anderson","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib42","series-title":"Wisconsin card sorting test manual, revised and expanded","author":"Heaton","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1080\/01688638608401314","article-title":"Developmental norms for the Wisconsin card sorting test","volume":"8","author":"Chelune","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib44","series-title":"Neuropsychological assessment","author":"Lezak","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib45","first-page":"286","article-title":"L'examen psychologique dans les cas d'encephalopathie traumatique","volume":"28","author":"Rey","year":"1941","journal-title":"Archives de Psychologie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/13854049308401883","article-title":"Psychological examination of traumatic encephalopathy (translation)","volume":"7","author":"Rey","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib47","first-page":"3","article-title":"The complex figure copy tests","volume":"7","author":"Osterreith","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib48","series-title":"Rey complex figure test and recognition trial manual","author":"Meyers","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/3.3.239","article-title":"Revisiting the Rey-Osterrieth: rating right hemisphere recall","volume":"3","author":"Loring","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib50","first-page":"23","article-title":"Several aspects of programming errors in the frontal syndrome","volume":"125","author":"Messereli","year":"1979","journal-title":"Schweiz Arch Neurol Neurochir Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib51","first-page":"405","article-title":"Gestural disturbances following frontal lobe lesions","volume":"12","author":"Le Gall","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib52","series-title":"The prefrontal cortex: anatomy, physiology, and neuropsychology of the frontal lobe","author":"Fuster","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib53","series-title":"Higher cortical functions in man","author":"Luria","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1992.74.3.883","article-title":"Reliabilities, norms and factor structure of the behavioural dyscontrol scale","volume":"74","author":"Grigsby","year":"1992","journal-title":"Percept Mot Skills"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib55","series-title":"Human brain and psychological processes","author":"Luria","year":"1966"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9993(93)90091-N","article-title":"Prediction of deficits in behavioral self-regulation among persons with multiple sclerosis","volume":"74","author":"Grigsby","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib57","series-title":"Behavioral dyscontrol scale: manual","author":"Grigsby","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1998.tb01075.x","article-title":"Executive cognitive abilities and functional status among community-dwelling older persons in the San Luis Valley health and aging study","volume":"46","author":"Grigsby","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(85)80004-6","article-title":"The neuropsychological phenotype in Turner syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Pennington","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162200001262","article-title":"Motor performance in girls with Turner syndrome","volume":"42","author":"Nijhuis-van der Sanden","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-001-0913-5","article-title":"Two sisters with 45, X karyotype: influence of genomic imprinting on phenotype and cognitive profiles","volume":"161","author":"Larizza","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.82.6.1814","article-title":"Absence of growth hormone effects on cognitive function in girls with turner syndrome","volume":"82","author":"Ross","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3198","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.83.9.3198","article-title":"Effects of estrogen on non-verbal processing speed and motor function in girls with Turner's syndrome","volume":"83","author":"Ross","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.1.164","article-title":"Use of estrogen in young girls with turner syndrome: effects on memory","volume":"54","author":"Ross","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1086\/303039","article-title":"The Turner syndrome-associated neurocognitive phenotype maps to distal Xp","volume":"67","author":"Ross","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"}],"container-title":["Brain and Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0387760405000264?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0387760405000264?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T03:17:08Z","timestamp":1706066228000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0387760405000264"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0387760405000264"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.12.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0387-7604"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0387-7604","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]}}}