{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:03:13Z","timestamp":1790877793610,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,1]],"date-time":"2005-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1130803200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain and Development"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,23]],"date-time":"2005-09-23T13:48:14Z","timestamp":1127483294000},"page":"S35-S42","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"special_numbering":"S1","title":["Early behavior characteristics and sleep disturbance in Rett syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Yoshiko","family":"Nomura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib1","series-title":"\u00dcber ein cerebral-atrophisches syndrombei Hyperammon\u00e4mie","author":"Rett","year":"1966"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib2","first-page":"305","article-title":"Cerebral atrophy associated with hyperammonaemia","volume":"vol. 29","author":"Rett","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410140412","article-title":"A progressive syndrome of autism, dementia, ataxia, and loss of purposeful hand use in girls: Rett's syndrome\u2014report of 35 cases","volume":"14","author":"Hagberg","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(84)80030-3","article-title":"Rett syndrome\u2014clinical studies and pathophysiological consideration","volume":"6","author":"Nomura","year":"1984","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320250529","article-title":"Anatomy of Rett syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Nomura","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(85)80040-1","article-title":"Rett syndrome\u2014an early catecholamine and indolamine deficient disorder?","volume":"7","author":"Nomura","year":"1985","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib7","first-page":"56","article-title":"Pathophysiology of Rett syndrome from the standpoint of early catecholamine disturbance","volume":"6","author":"Segawa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S94","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(01)00352-7","article-title":"Pathophysiology of Rett syndrome from the stand point of clinical characteristics","volume":"23","author":"Segawa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S218","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(01)00372-2","article-title":"Discussant\u2014pathophysiologies of Rett syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Segawa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib10","series-title":"Rett disorder and the developing brain","first-page":"205","article-title":"The monoamine hypothesis in Rett syndrome","author":"Nomura","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(12)80167-7","article-title":"Clinical features of the early stage of the Rett syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Nomura","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib12","first-page":"258","article-title":"A new syndrome (?) of progressive psychomotor deterioration with peculiar stereotyped movement and autistic tendency: a report of three cases","volume":"3","author":"Ishikawa","year":"1978","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(12)80170-7","article-title":"Characteristics of motor disturbances of the Rett syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Nomura","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(87)80072-4","article-title":"Autistic symptoms in Rett syndrome: the first two years according to mother reports","volume":"9","author":"Gillberg","year":"1987","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(85)80034-6","article-title":"Rett syndrome: a significant proportion of girls affected by autistic behavior","volume":"7","author":"Zappella","year":"1985","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320250514","article-title":"Autism and Rett syndrome: some notes on differential diagnosis","volume":"1","author":"Gillberg","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(85)80029-2","article-title":"Behavioral observations concerning differential diagnosis between the Rett syndrome and autism","volume":"7","author":"Olsson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1987.tb02503.x","article-title":"Autism and Rett syndrome: behavioural investigations and differential diagnosis","volume":"29","author":"Olsson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(12)80166-5","article-title":"A review of the Rett syndrome with a theory of autism","volume":"12","author":"Olsson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02212857","article-title":"The borderland of autism and Rett syndrome: five case histories to highlight diagnostic difficulties","volume":"19","author":"Gillberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib21","series-title":"Progress in the developmental disorder 1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Mental retardation, evaluation from the sleep mechanism (in Japanese)","author":"Segawa","year":"1989"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(01)00356-4","article-title":"Sleep dysfunction in Rett syndrome: lack of age related decrease in sleep duration","volume":"23","author":"Ellaway","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(12)80178-1","article-title":"The pathophysiology of the Rett syndrome from the standpoint of polysomnography","volume":"1","author":"Segawa","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib24","first-page":"S46","article-title":"Polysomnography in the Rett syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Segawa","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S104","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(01)00357-6","article-title":"Disturbance of phasic chin muscle activity during rapid-eye-movement sleep","volume":"23","author":"Kohyama","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-9380(98)80054-6","article-title":"Sleep as a window on the developing brain","volume":"28","author":"Kohyama","year":"1998","journal-title":"Curr Probl Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib27","first-page":"828","article-title":"Sleep mechanism and its development (in Japanese)","volume":"20","author":"Segawa","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pediatircs (Tokyo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib28","series-title":"The basal ganglia II","first-page":"489","article-title":"Roles of the basal ganglia and related structures in symptoms of dystonia","author":"Segawa","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib29","first-page":"693","article-title":"Autism and serotonin (in Japanese)","volume":"21","author":"Segawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Neurosci (Tokyo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib30","series-title":"Rapid eye movement sleep","first-page":"39","article-title":"Ontogenesis of REM sleep","author":"Segawa","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib31","series-title":"Sleep and the maturing nervous system","first-page":"199","article-title":"Development of states in infants","author":"Parmelee","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib32","series-title":"Sleep mechanisms","first-page":"3","article-title":"Central mechanisms of paradoxical sleep","author":"Sakai","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1094539","article-title":"Sleep cycle oscillation: reciprocal discharge by two brainstem neuronal groups","volume":"189","author":"Hobson","year":"1975","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib34","first-page":"140","article-title":"Circadian rhythm in early infantile autism (in Japanese)","volume":"29","author":"Segawa","year":"1985","journal-title":"Shinkei Kenkyu No Shimpo (Tokyo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib35","first-page":"1029","article-title":"Abnormalities of sleep\u2013wakefulness rhythm during the development of the central nervous system (in Japanese)","volume":"36","author":"Segawa","year":"1992","journal-title":"Shinkei Kenkyu no Sinpo (Tokyo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib36","first-page":"793","article-title":"Abnormalities in sleep parameters in infantile autism\u2014their pathophysiological importance (in Japanese)","volume":"15","author":"Segawa","year":"1993","journal-title":"Jpn J Neuropsychopharmacol (Tokyo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib37","series-title":"Sleep 1980, fifth European congress on sleep research, Amsterdam, 1980","first-page":"236","article-title":"On the role of active (REM) sleep in ontogenesis of the central nervous system","author":"Corner","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(87)80074-8","article-title":"Pathophysiology of Rett syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Nomura","year":"1987","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S65","DOI":"10.1177\/088307388800300112","article-title":"Rett syndrome: qualitative and quantitative differentiation from autism","volume":"3","author":"Percy","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(18)30341-4","article-title":"Rett syndrome and the autistic disorders","volume":"8","author":"Percy","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320250528","article-title":"Neuropathology of Rett syndrome","author":"Jellinger","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00688098","article-title":"Neuropathology of Rett syndrome","volume":"76","author":"Jellinger","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol (Berlin)"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib43","first-page":"S89","article-title":"The neuropathology of the Rett syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Armstrong","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199503000-00006","article-title":"Selective dendritic alterations in the cortex of Rett syndrome","volume":"54","author":"Armstrong","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199811000-00003","article-title":"Decreased dendritic branching in frontal, motor and limbic cortex in Rett syndrome compared with trisomy 21","volume":"57","author":"Armstrong","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S72","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(01)00332-1","article-title":"Rett syndrome neuropathology review 2000","volume":"23","author":"Armstrong","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.8.1581","article-title":"Pervasive neuroanatomic abnormalities of the brain in three cases of Rett's syndrome","volume":"45","author":"Bauman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02172012","article-title":"Brief report: neuroanatomic observations of the brain in pervasive developmental disorders","volume":"26","author":"Bauman","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410250109","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid biogenic amines and biopterin in Rett syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Zoghbi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(96)00059-7","article-title":"Rett syndrome: neurobiological changes underlying specific symptoms","volume":"51","author":"Wenk","year":"1997","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S58","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(01)00380-1","article-title":"Neurobiology and neurochemistry of Rett syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Matsuishi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib52","first-page":"211","article-title":"Neuropathology and immunohistochemistry of brains with Rett syndrome (in Japanese)","volume":"34","author":"Itoh","year":"2002","journal-title":"No To Hattatsu (Tokyo)"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S206","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(01)00351-5","article-title":"Neurobiology of Rett syndrome: a genetic disorder of synapse development","volume":"23","author":"Johnston","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib54","series-title":"Rett disorder and the developing brain","first-page":"183","article-title":"The role of genetic and environmental factors in brain development: development of the central monoaminergic nervous system","author":"Segawa","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(89)90026-X","article-title":"Neurotransmitter regulation of neuronal outgrowth, plasticity and survival","volume":"12","author":"Lipton","year":"1989","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(93)90162-F","article-title":"Neurotransmitters as growth regulatory signals: role of receptors and second messengers","volume":"16","author":"Lauder","year":"1993","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(96)01028-4","article-title":"New evidence for neurotransmitter influences on brain development","volume":"20","author":"Levitt","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1256","article-title":"The developmental role of serotonin: news from mouse molecular genetics","volume":"4","author":"Gaspar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(83)90414-7","article-title":"Impaired growth of the cerebral cortex of rats treated neonatally with 6-hydroxydopamine under different environmental conditions","volume":"42","author":"Brenner","year":"1983","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib60","first-page":"271","article-title":"Effets on learning of th elesioln on the dorsal noradrenergic bundle (in Japanese)","volume":"33","author":"Tanaka","year":"1987","journal-title":"Juntenndo Med J (Tokyo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(72)90052-4","article-title":"Biochemical and behavioural changes induced by isolation in rats","volume":"11","author":"Valzelli","year":"1972","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200005)47:5<670::AID-ANA20>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Influence of mutation type and X chromosome inactivation on Rett syndrome phenotypes","volume":"47","author":"Amir","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.11.1486","article-title":"MeCP2 mutations in children with and without the phenotype of Rett syndrome","volume":"56","author":"Hoffbuhr","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddh063","article-title":"Multiple pathways regulate MeCP2 expression in normal brain development and exhibit defects in autism-spectrum disorders","volume":"13","author":"Samaco","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(01)00345-X","article-title":"Functional analyses of MeCP2 mutations associated with Rett syndrome using transient expression systems","volume":"23","author":"Kudo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(01)00376-X","article-title":"Mutations in the gene encoding methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 cause Rett syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Van den Veyver","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.40.7.487","article-title":"Heterogeneity in residual function of MeCP2 carrying missense mutations in the methyl CpG binding domain","volume":"40","author":"Kudo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Med Genet"}],"container-title":["Brain and Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0387760405001294?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0387760405001294?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T08:42:53Z","timestamp":1706604173000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0387760405001294"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"references-count":67,"alternative-id":["S0387760405001294"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.03.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0387-7604"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0387-7604","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]}}}