{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T13:16:55Z","timestamp":1787923015387,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,1]],"date-time":"2007-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1185926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain and Development"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,5]],"date-time":"2007-01-05T08:58:59Z","timestamp":1167987539000},"page":"400-408","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":137,"title":["Attention and executive functions profile in drug naive ADHD subtypes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Augusto","family":"Pasini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Paloscia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Alessandrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Porfirio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Curatolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib1","first-page":"104","article-title":"The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: is it an American condition?","volume":"2","author":"Faraone","year":"2003","journal-title":"World Psychiat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.02.003","article-title":"The neurology of attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"27","author":"Curatolo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.11.024","article-title":"Molecular genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"57","author":"Faraone","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Psychiat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2003.12.003","article-title":"Gender effects of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults, revisited","volume":"55","author":"Biederman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol Psychiat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.121.1.65","article-title":"Behavioural inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: constructing a unifying theory of AD\/HD","volume":"121","author":"Barkley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib6","series-title":"ADHD and the nature of self-control","author":"Barkley","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01380.x","article-title":"Executive functions and developmental psychopathology","volume":"37","author":"Pennington","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psyc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.02.006","article-title":"Validity of the executive function theory of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review","volume":"57","author":"Willcutt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Psychiat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01494.x","article-title":"Error patterns on the continuous performance test in non-medicated and medicated samples of children with and without ADHD: a meta-analytic review","volume":"37","author":"Losier","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psyc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025405216339","article-title":"Relations between continuous performance test performance measures and ADHD behaviors","volume":"31","author":"Epstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psych"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(03)00057-3","article-title":"ADHD: topic update","volume":"25","author":"Denckla","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(01)00430-2","article-title":"How specific is a deficit of executive functioning for attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder?","volume":"130","author":"Sergeant","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00083-9","article-title":"Anterior cingulate cortex dysfunction in attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder revealed by fMRI and the Counting Stroop","volume":"45","author":"Bush","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol Psychiat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00276.x","article-title":"How specific are executive functioning deficits in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism?","volume":"45","author":"Geurts","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psyc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2003.08.005","article-title":"Executive functioning in boys with ADHD: primarily an inhibition deficit?","volume":"19","author":"Scheres","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsych"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib16","series-title":"Attention, memory, and executive function Baltimore","first-page":"263","article-title":"Conceptualizing, describing, and measuring components of executive function","author":"Eslinger","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib17","unstructured":"Kaufman J, Birmaher B, Brent D, Rao U, Ryan N. Kiddie-Sads-Present and Lifetime Version. The Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; 1996."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-005-0935-y","article-title":"Which executive functioning deficits are associated with AD\/HD, ODD\/CD and Comorbid AD\/HD+ODD\/CD?","volume":"33","author":"Oosterlaan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psych"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199909000-00020","article-title":"Executive functioning deficits in attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder are independent of oppositional defiant or reading disorder","volume":"38","author":"Klorman","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib20","series-title":"Manual for conners\u2019 rating scales","author":"Conners","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib21","first-page":"995","article-title":"The Children\u2019s Depression Inventory","volume":"21","author":"Kovacs","year":"1985","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199704000-00019","article-title":"The multidimensional anxiety scales for children (MASC): factor structure, reliability and validity","volume":"36","author":"March","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib23","series-title":"Wisconsin card sorting test manual","author":"Heaton","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib24","unstructured":"Regard M. Cognitive rigidity and flexibility: a neuropsychological study (doctoral dissertation). In: Victoria, BC, editor. University of Victoria, Department of Psychology; 1981."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1982.0082","article-title":"Specific impairments of planning","volume":"298","author":"Shallice","year":"1982","journal-title":"Philosophical Transcripts of the Royal Society of London B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1080\/01688639408402697","article-title":"Tower of London procedure: a standard method and developmental data","volume":"16","author":"Krikorian","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsyc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib27","series-title":"The Halsted-Reitan neuropsychological test battery: theory and clinical interpretation","author":"Reitan","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib28","series-title":"Wechsler intelligence scale for children-revised","author":"Wechsler","year":"1974"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib29","series-title":"Multilingual aphasia examination (Manual, revised)","author":"Benton","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib30","series-title":"Conners\u2019 continuous performance test","author":"Conners","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib31","unstructured":"Corsi PM. Human memory and the medial temporal region of the brain. Dissertation Abstracts International 1972;34:819B."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib32","first-page":"206","article-title":"Le test de copie d\u2019une figure complexe","volume":"30","author":"Osterrieth","year":"1944","journal-title":"Archives de Psychologie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogbrainres.2005.09.011","article-title":"On the neural basis of focused and divided attention","volume":"25","author":"Nebel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res Cogn Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.13.2.230","article-title":"The trail making test: a study in focal lesion patients","volume":"13","author":"Stuss","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2005.03.013","article-title":"An fMRI of the trail making test","volume":"43","author":"Zakzanis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4682-05.2006","article-title":"Cortical and subcortical contributions to stop signal response inhibition: role of the subthalamic nucleus","volume":"26","author":"Aron","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.5.981","article-title":"Common inhibitory mechanism in human inferior prefrontal cortex revealed by event-related functional MRI","volume":"122","author":"Konishi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01904-2","article-title":"Differential patterns of striatal activation in young children with and without ADHD","volume":"53","author":"Durston","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol Psychiat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00275-1","article-title":"Right inferior prefrontal cortex mediates response inhibition while mesial prefrontal cortex is responsible for error detection","volume":"20","author":"Rubia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.1.256","article-title":"The anterior cingulate cortex mediates processing selection in the Stroop attentional conflict paradigm","volume":"87","author":"Pardo","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1995.1034","article-title":"Interference and facilitation effects during selective attention: an H215O PET study of Stroop task performance","volume":"2","author":"Carter","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00056-6","article-title":"An fMRI study of Stroop word \u2013 color interference: evidence for cingulate subregions subserving multiple distributed attentional systems","volume":"45","author":"Peterson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol Psychiat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(93)90147-R","article-title":"Investigations of the functional anatomy of attention using the Stroop test","volume":"31","author":"Bench","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1997.0285","article-title":"Isolation of specific interference processing in the Stroop task: PET activation studies","volume":"6","author":"Taylor","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(01)00013-6","article-title":"Stroop performance in focal lesion patients: dissociation of processes and frontal lobe lesion location","volume":"39","author":"Stuss","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(01)00226-3","article-title":"Anterior cingulate cortex and the stroop task: neuropsychological evidence for topographic specificity","volume":"40","author":"Swick","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291701004172","article-title":"Abnormal executive function in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: the effect of stimulant medication and age on spatial working memory","volume":"31","author":"Barnett","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012233310098","article-title":"Executive functioning, temporal discounting, and sense of time in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)","volume":"29","author":"Barkley","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psych"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1080\/09297040409609806","article-title":"Visuospatial working memory: a sensitive measurement of cognitive deficits in ADHD","volume":"10","author":"Westerberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Child Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000153228.72591.73","article-title":"A meta-analysis of working memory impairments in children with attentiondeficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"44","author":"Martinussen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12061","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.20.12061","article-title":"Neuroimaging analyses of human working memory","volume":"95","author":"Smith","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(82)90100-2","article-title":"Deficits on subject-ordered tasks after frontal and temporal lobe lesions in man","volume":"20","author":"Petrides","year":"1982","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5803","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.13.5803","article-title":"Functional activation of the human ventrolateral frontal cortex during mnemonic retrieval of verbal information","volume":"92","author":"Petrides","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5408.1657","article-title":"Storage and executive processes in the frontal lobes","volume":"283","author":"Smith","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2006.01.005","article-title":"Functions of frontostriatal systems in cognition: comparative neuropsychopharmacological studies in rats, monkeys and humans","volume":"73","author":"Chudasama","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.09.018","article-title":"The functional neuroanatomy of working memory: contributions of human brain lesion studies","volume":"139","author":"Muller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.04.070","article-title":"Prefrontal and parietal contributions to spatial working memory","volume":"139","author":"Curtis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2005.06.015","article-title":"Visual spatial and visual pattern working memory: neuropsychological evidence for a differential role of left and right dorsal visual brain","volume":"44","author":"Finke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"}],"container-title":["Brain and Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0387760406002531?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0387760406002531?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,10]],"date-time":"2019-01-10T01:54:58Z","timestamp":1547085298000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0387760406002531"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0387760406002531"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.11.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0387-7604"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0387-7604","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]}}}