{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T16:56:35Z","timestamp":1792688195159,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["brainanddevelopment.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Development"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.11.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,2]],"date-time":"2013-12-02T01:45:21Z","timestamp":1385948721000},"page":"778-785","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["A clinical study of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in preschool children\u2014prevalence and differential diagnoses"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Kenji","family":"Nomura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaori","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoriko","family":"Noujima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satomi","family":"Kojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Misuzu","family":"Amano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayoshi","family":"Ogura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chie","family":"Hatagaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Shibata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rie","family":"Fukumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.11.004_b0005","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.11.004_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00916812","article-title":"Parenting stress among families of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"20","author":"Anastopoulos","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.11.004_b0015","first-page":"293","article-title":"A clinical research of 79 children who visited \u2018parental support clinic\u2019 (in Japanese)","volume":"42","author":"Asai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Shouni no Seishin to Shinkei (Tokyo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.11.004_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.139.2.242","article-title":"Application of DSM-III in an epidemiological study of preschool children","volume":"139","author":"Earls","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.11.004_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000205705.71194.b8","article-title":"Test\u2013retest reliability of the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment (PAPA)","volume":"45","author":"Egger","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.11.004_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199705000-00012","article-title":"DSM-III-R disorders in preschool children from low-income families","volume":"36","author":"Keenan","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.11.004_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199602000-00014","article-title":"Prevalence rates and correlates of psychiatric disorders among preschool children","volume":"35","author":"Lavigne","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.11.004_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1080\/15374410902851382","article-title":"The prevalence of ADHD, ODD, depression, and anxiety in a community sample of 4-year-olds","volume":"38","author":"Lavigne","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.11.004_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2011.02514.x","article-title":"Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in preschoolers","volume":"53","author":"Wichstr\u00f8m","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.11.004_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e31803062d3","article-title":"Further evidence of the reliability and validity of DSM-IV ODD and CD in preschool children","volume":"46","author":"Keenan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.11.004_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.11.2014","article-title":"Three-year predictive validity of DSM-IV attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children diagnosed at 4\u20136 years of age","volume":"161","author":"Lahey","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.11.004_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2010.0045","article-title":"Preschool onset attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: course and predictors of stability over 24 months","volume":"21","author":"Tandon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.11.004_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2007.164.6.942","article-title":"The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis","volume":"164","author":"Polanczyk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.11.004_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199311000-00005","article-title":"Epidemiological comparisons of American and Dutch adolescents\u2019 self-reports","volume":"32","author":"Verhulst","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.11.004_b0075","first-page":"47","article-title":"Hyperactivity at 18 months of age and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder before entry to school \u2013 follow up study from 18months to 6 years \u2013 (in Japanese)","volume":"99","author":"Yoshikawa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Seishinshinkeigaku Zasshi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.11.004_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1007\/s12199-008-0075-4","article-title":"Prevalence of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in preschool children: discrepancy between parent and teacher evaluations","volume":"14","author":"Soma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ Health Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.11.004_b0085","first-page":"5","author":"Koeda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Integrated Child Home Care Research Report"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.11.004_b0090","first-page":"13","article-title":"A study on 5-year old children\u2019s medical examination in Otawara city. (Study on the occurrence, response system and manual of mild developmental disability; 2006 review and research report) (in Japanese). Health and Labor Sciences Research Grant","author":"Shimoizumi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Integrated Child Home Care Research Report"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.11.004_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JADD.0000029554.46570.68","article-title":"The comorbidity of Pervasive Developmental Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: results of a retrospective chart review","volume":"34","author":"Goldstein","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.11.004_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2004.09.006","article-title":"Symptoms related to ADHD observed in patients with pervasive developmental disorder","volume":"27","author":"Ogino","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.11.004_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-004-0391-1","article-title":"The clinical necessity for assessing Attention Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD\/HD) symptoms in children with high-functioning Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD)","volume":"13","author":"Yoshida","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.11.004_b0110","first-page":"344","article-title":"A study of cases involving change in diagnoses from AD\/HD to PDD: problems and outlook for medical diagnoses rendered within the framework of the child welfare center (in Japanese)","volume":"48","author":"Kinouchi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Jpn J Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.11.004_b0115","first-page":"11","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of pervasive developmental disorder patients initially diagnosed with attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (in Japanese)","volume":"41","author":"Kawatani","year":"2009","journal-title":"No to hattatsu"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.11.004_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199701000-00026","article-title":"Psychosocial characteristics of physically abused children and adolescents","volume":"36","author":"Flisher","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.11.004_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199610000-00026","article-title":"Relationship between early abuse, posttraumatic stress disorder, and activity levels in prepubertal children","volume":"34","author":"Glod","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.11.004_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199403000-00003","article-title":"Psychiatric disorder in sexually abused children","volume":"33","author":"McLeer","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.11.004_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199409000-00002","article-title":"Psychiatric status of sexually abused children 12months after disclosure of abuse","volume":"33","author":"Merry","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.11.004_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2006.01528.x","article-title":"Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and dissociative disorder among abused children","volume":"60","author":"Endo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Brain and Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0387760413003070?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0387760413003070?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T19:47:46Z","timestamp":1759952866000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0387760413003070"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0387760413003070"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.11.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0387-7604"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0387-7604","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A clinical study of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in preschool children\u2014prevalence and differential diagnoses","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain and Development","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.11.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 The Japanese Society of Child Neurology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}