{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T21:00:34Z","timestamp":1765486834172,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,6]],"date-time":"2022-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010391","name":"Tokyo Women's Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021-0078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-0078"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010391","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["brainanddevelopment.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Development"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,26]],"date-time":"2022-11-26T10:44:36Z","timestamp":1669459476000},"page":"153-160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Changes in the treatment of pediatric acute encephalopathy in Japan between 2015 and 2021: A national questionnaire-based survey"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Yuka","family":"Murofushi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Sakuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Tada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Mizuguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun-ichi","family":"Takanashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2020.08.001","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute encephalopathy in childhood","volume":"43","author":"Mizuguchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"issue":"s186","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2007.00809.x","article-title":"Acute encephalopathy associated with influenza and other viral infections","volume":"115","author":"Mizuguchi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2020.04.006","article-title":"Epidemiological changes of acute encephalopathy in Japan based on national surveillance for 2014\u20132017","volume":"42","author":"Kasai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2019.08.007","article-title":"Recent treatment patterns and variations for pediatric acute encephalopathy in Japan","volume":"42","author":"Hayakawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008_b0025","unstructured":"Morishima M, Okabe N, Nakamura Y, Kawaoka Y, Yamaguchi S, Mizuguchi M, et al. Guidelines on influenza encephalopathy. rev. ed. Shonika Rinsho (Tokyo). 2009;62:2483\u2013528. Japanese."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2011.07.012","article-title":"Epidemiology of acute encephalopathy in Japan, with emphasis on the association of viruses and syndromes","volume":"34","author":"Hoshino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(89)80783-8","article-title":"Hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy: clinical, pathologic, and biochemical features","volume":"114","author":"Levin","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2009.180554","article-title":"Determinants of outcomes following acute child encephalopathy and encephalitis: pivotal effect of early and delayed cooling","volume":"96","author":"Kawano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2015.09.003","article-title":"Targeted temperature management for acute encephalopathy in a Japanese secondary emergency medical care hospital","volume":"38","author":"Murata","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2014.06.005","article-title":"Targeted temperature management of acute encephalopathy without AST elevation","volume":"37","author":"Nishiyama","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008_b0055","unstructured":"Saji Y, Nagase H, Aoki K, Nakagawa T, Fujita K, Maruyama A, et al. Comparison of the neurological outcomes after treatments with mild hypothermia with dexamethasone and normothermia for presumed encephalitis\/acute encephalopathy in children. J Jpn Soc Emergency Pediatr (Tokyo). 2011;10:22\u20136. Japanese."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002646","article-title":"Targeted temperature management after cardiac arrest: systematic review and meta-analyses","volume":"126","author":"Kalra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2100591","article-title":"Hypothermia versus normothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest","volume":"384","author":"Dankiewicz","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1610493","article-title":"Therapeutic hypothermia after in-hospital cardiac arrest in children","volume":"376","author":"Moler","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000691","article-title":"Hemodynamics and vasopressor support during targeted temperature management at 33\u00b0C versus 36\u00b0C after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a post hoc study of the target temperature management trial*","volume":"43","author":"Bro-Jeppesen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2008.03.005","article-title":"Outcome of acute necrotizing encephalopathy in relation to treatment with corticosteroids and gammaglobulin","volume":"31","author":"Okumura","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000120","article-title":"Clinical and radiologic features of encephalopathy during 2011 E coli O111 outbreak in Japan","volume":"82","author":"Takanashi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008_b0090","unstructured":"Kobayashi Y, Togashi T, Mizuguchui M, Miyazaki C, Ichiyama T, Kawashima N, et al. National survey of specific treatment for influenza encephalopathy. J Jpn Pediatr Soc (Tokyo). 2007;111:659\u201365. Japanese."},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26660","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000026660","article-title":"Early steroid pulse therapy for children with suspected acute encephalopathy","volume":"100","author":"Ishida","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.11.043","article-title":"Drugs indicated for mitochondrial dysfunction as treatments for acute encephalopathy with onset of febrile convulsive status epileptics","volume":"360","author":"Omata","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2019.02.015","article-title":"Early administration of vitamins B1 and B6 and l-carnitine prevents a second attack of acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion: a case control study","volume":"41","author":"Fukui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000166","article-title":"Consensus statement on continuous EEG in critically ill adults and children, part I: indications","volume":"32","author":"Herman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31829c5cfe","article-title":"Electrographic seizures in pediatric ICU patients: cohort study of risk factors and mortality","volume":"81","author":"Abend","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e748","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-2067","article-title":"Nonconvulsive status epilepticus: the encephalopathic pediatric patient","volume":"129","author":"Greiner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-012-9715-z","article-title":"Continuous video EEG for patients with acute encephalopathy in a pediatric intensive care unit","volume":"17","author":"Schreiber","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03070.x","article-title":"Continuous video-EEG monitoring in pediatric intensive care units","volume":"52","author":"Williams","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182668035","article-title":"Electrographic status epilepticus is associated with mortality and worse short-term outcome in critically ill children","volume":"41","author":"Topjian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.09.032","article-title":"Electrographic seizures after convulsive status epilepticus in children and young adults: a retrospective multicenter study","volume":"164","author":"S\u00e1nchez Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.63.12.1750","article-title":"Frequency and predictors of nonconvulsive seizures during continuous electroencephalographic monitoring in critically ill children","volume":"63","author":"Jette","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70246-1","article-title":"Electrographic seizures and status epilepticus in critically ill children and neonates with encephalopathy","volume":"12","author":"Abend","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu042","article-title":"Seizure burden is independently associated with short term outcome in critically ill children","volume":"137","author":"Payne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000125184.88797.62","article-title":"Detection of electrographic seizures with continuous EEG monitoring in critically ill patients","volume":"62","author":"Claassen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01465.x","article-title":"Aborted and refractory status epilepticus in children: a comparative analysis","volume":"49","author":"Lambrechtsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008_b0170","first-page":"1","article-title":"Distinguishing acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion from prolonged febrile seizures by acute phase EEG spectrum analysis","volume":"59","author":"Oguri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Yonago Acta Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2021.11.003","article-title":"Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion: predictive EEG findings","volume":"44","author":"Ohno","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Dev"}],"container-title":["Brain and Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0387760422001899?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0387760422001899?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T19:51:28Z","timestamp":1759953088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0387760422001899"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0387760422001899"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0387-7604"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0387-7604"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Changes in the treatment of pediatric acute encephalopathy in Japan between 2015 and 2021: A national questionnaire-based survey","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain and Development","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.braindev.2022.10.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Japanese Society of Child Neurology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}