{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T14:44:45Z","timestamp":1788965085943,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783728000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":344,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23K16602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K16602"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["brainanddevelopment.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Development"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2025.104395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T15:03:15Z","timestamp":1752591795000},"page":"104395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Valproate and lamotrigine combination therapy in children with drug-resistant focal epilepsy: an observational analysis focusing on neuroimaging abnormalities"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Shiena","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Enokizono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuyo","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazushi","family":"Maruo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoya","family":"Iwasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yui","family":"Tsunoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Ueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yui","family":"Takada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryuta","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kota","family":"Araki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Masuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eiichi","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidetoshi","family":"Takada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2025.104395_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2015.0736","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence and aetiology of seizures and epilepsy in children","volume":"17","author":"Camfield","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2025.104395_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02397.x","article-title":"Definition of drug resistant epilepsy: consensus proposal by the ad hoc task force of the ILAE commission on therapeutic strategies","volume":"51","author":"Kwan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2025.104395_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011839","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of drug-resistant epilepsy: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"96","author":"Sultana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2025.104395_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00151-5","article-title":"Drug resistance in epilepsy","volume":"22","author":"Perucca","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2025.104395_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.3171\/2021.4.PEDS21123","article-title":"Epilepsy surgery in children under 3 years of age: surgical and developmental outcomes","volume":"28","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2025.104395_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.8.1264","article-title":"Effect of divalproex-lamotrigine combination therapy in frontal lobe seizures","volume":"58","author":"McCabe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2025.104395_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01866.x","article-title":"Lamotrigine-valproic acid combination therapy for medically refractory epilepsy","volume":"50","author":"Moeller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2025.104395_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00832.x","article-title":"The efficacy of valproate-lamotrigine comedication in refractory complex partial seizures: evidence for a pharmacodynamic interaction","volume":"40","author":"Pisani","year":"1999","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2025.104395_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2013.01.005","article-title":"Valproate and lamotrigine in pediatric patients with refractory epilepsy: after the first year","volume":"48","author":"Thome-Souza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2025.104395_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(03)00014-6","article-title":"Lamotrigine and valproate: efficacy of co-administration in a pediatric population","volume":"28","author":"Thome-Souza","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2025.104395_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2002.13001.x","article-title":"The importance of drug interactions in epilepsy therapy","volume":"43","author":"Patsalos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2025.104395_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0b013e3182055c07","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of lamotrigine: results from 12 placebo-controlled clinical trials and clinical implications","volume":"34","author":"Seo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2025.104395_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000187118.19221.e4","article-title":"Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of lamotrigine in primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures","volume":"65","author":"Biton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2025.104395_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2003.10003.x","article-title":"Interactions of lamotrigine with topiramate and first-generation antiepileptic drugs in the maximal electroshock test in mice: an isobolographic analysis","volume":"44","author":"Luszczki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2025.104395_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-023-03508-9","article-title":"Drug resistant epilepsy and associated factors among children with epilepsies in tanzania: a cross-sectional study","volume":"24","author":"Urio","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2025.104395_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2012.03562.x","article-title":"Predictors and course of medically intractable epilepsy in young children presenting before 36 months of age: a retrospective, population-based study","volume":"53","author":"Wirrell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2025.104395_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13709","article-title":"ILAE classification of the epilepsies: position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology","volume":"58","author":"Scheffer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2025.104395_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2012.244","article-title":"Investigation of the freely available easy-to-use software \u2018EZR\u2019 for medical statistics","volume":"48","author":"Kanda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2025.104395_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.3949","article-title":"Treatment outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy treated with established and new antiepileptic drugs: a 30-year longitudinal cohort study","volume":"75","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2025.104395_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2024.108473","article-title":"Pattern of abnormalities on gray matter in patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy and hipp ocampal sclerosis: an updated meta-analysis","volume":"245","author":"Dos Santos Silva","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2025.104395_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004176","article-title":"A meta-analysis on progressive atrophy in intractable temporal lobe epilepsy: time is brain?","volume":"89","author":"Caciagli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Brain and Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0387760425000774?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0387760425000774?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T12:31:13Z","timestamp":1765456273000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0387760425000774"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0387760425000774"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.braindev.2025.104395","relation":{},"ISSN":["0387-7604"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0387-7604","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Valproate and lamotrigine combination therapy in children with drug-resistant focal epilepsy: an observational analysis focusing on neuroimaging abnormalities","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain and Development","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.braindev.2025.104395","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Japanese Society of Child Neurology. Elsevier B.V.  All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104395"}}