{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T07:03:39Z","timestamp":1780297419361,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["brainanddevelopment.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Development"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T09:42:23Z","timestamp":1777974143000},"page":"104544","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Therapeutic effects of tDCS on behavioral symptoms of autism spectrum disorders in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized sham-controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Chun-Bin","family":"Tung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yung-Chin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheuk-Kwan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Shian","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Min","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuo-Chuan","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.23661","article-title":"Autism spectrum disorder: A review","volume":"329","author":"Hirota","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijchp.2016.03.001","article-title":"Psychiatric comorbidities in autism spectrum disorder: A comparative study between DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 diagnosis","volume":"16","author":"Romero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Clin Health Psychol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2756","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-016-2820-7","article-title":"Epidemiology of injury-related emergency department visits in the US among youth with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"46","author":"Kalb","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s40489-021-00267-6","article-title":"Health status of adults with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"9","author":"Forde","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-012-0126-9","article-title":"Treatment for co-occurring attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder","volume":"9","author":"Davis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2017.19.4\/rfindling","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy of emotional and behavioral symptoms associated with autism spectrum disorder in children and adolescents","volume":"19","author":"Stepanova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270833","article-title":"Intensive behavioural interventions based on applied behaviour analysis (ABA) for young children with autism: A cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"17","author":"Hodgson","year":"2022","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/258589","article-title":"Complementary and alternative therapies for autism spectrum disorder","volume":"2015","author":"Brondino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2010.05.002","article-title":"Complementary and alternative medicine in autism: an evidence-based approach to negotiating safe and efficacious interventions with families","volume":"7","author":"Akins","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1080\/09602011.2011.557292","article-title":"Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES - tDCS; tRNS, tACS) methods","volume":"21","author":"Paulus","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rehabil"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-183X.2003.00037.x","article-title":"Model of autism: increased ratio of excitation\/inhibition in key neural systems","volume":"2","author":"Rubenstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genes Brain Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/173073","article-title":"Effect of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on autism: a randomized double-blind crossover trial","volume":"2014","author":"Amatachaya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2290","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of bilateral anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on prefrontal and motor cortical areas in children with autism spectrum disorders: A pilot study","volume":"13","author":"Hadoush","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autism Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6627507","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)","volume":"2021","author":"Qiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neural Plast"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15457","article-title":"Long-term effects of transcranial direct current stimulation in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"65","author":"Auvichayapat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2803","article-title":"The impact of prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on theory of mind, emotion regulation and emotional-behavioral functions in children with autism disorder: A randomized, sham-controlled, and parallel-group study","volume":"15","author":"Zemestani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Autism Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0085","article-title":"Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on the mismatch negativity features of deviated stimuli in children with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"16","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.3018","article-title":"High definition transcranial direct current stimulation of the cz improves social dysfunction in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized, sham, controlled study","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Autism Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2024.e00460","article-title":"Multisession tDCS combined with intrastimulation training improves emotion recognition in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"21","author":"Prillinger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105807","article-title":"A network meta-analysis of non-invasive brain stimulation interventions for autism spectrum disorder: evidence from randomized controlled trials","volume":"164","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13121610","article-title":"Exploring the role of neuroplasticity in development, aging, and neurodegeneration","volume":"13","author":"Marzola","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-020-04586-1","article-title":"Delay to early intensive behavioral intervention and educational outcomes for a Medicaid-enrolled cohort of children with autism","volume":"51","author":"Dimian","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3109\/17549507.2013.861511","article-title":"The importance of early identification and intervention for children with or at risk for autism spectrum disorders","volume":"16","author":"Koegel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Speech Lang Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.05.003","article-title":"Therapeutic applications of noninvasive neuromodulation in children and adolescents","volume":"41","author":"Doruk Camsari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2021.02.017","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Garc\u00eda-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1192\/apt.bp.115.014563","article-title":"Clinical neuromodulation in psychiatry: the state of the art or an art in a state?","volume":"21","author":"Tracy","year":"2015","journal-title":"BJPsych Advances"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.11.009","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of simultaneous rTMS\u2013tDCS over bilateral angular gyrus on neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with moderate alzheimer\u2019s disease: A prospective, randomized, sham-controlled pilot study","volume":"15","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.031","article-title":"Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic","volume":"22","author":"McHugh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0150","series-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions","author":"Higgins","year":"2019"},{"issue":"7650","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD","article-title":"GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations","volume":"336","author":"Guyatt","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement","volume":"4","author":"Moher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3253","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00606.2012","article-title":"Dynamic modulation of intrinsic functional connectivity by transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"108","author":"Sehm","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.09.085","article-title":"Introducing graph theory to track for neuroplastic alterations in the resting human brain: A transcranial direct current stimulation study","volume":"54","author":"Polan\u00eda","year":"2011","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13020280","article-title":"Social brain network of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: characterization of functional connectivity and potential association with stereotyped behavior","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2016.12.009","article-title":"Safety of transcranial magnetic stimulation in children: A systematic review of the literature","volume":"68","author":"Allen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4346","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12134346","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of tDCS across different ages, sexes, diagnoses, and amperages: A randomized double-blind controlled study","volume":"12","author":"Buchanan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"}],"container-title":["Brain and Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0387760426000458?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0387760426000458?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T06:49:04Z","timestamp":1780296544000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0387760426000458"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0387760426000458"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544","relation":{},"ISSN":["0387-7604"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0387-7604","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Therapeutic effects of tDCS on behavioral symptoms of autism spectrum disorders in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized sham-controlled trials","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain and Development","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.braindev.2026.104544","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Japanese Society of Child Neurology. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104544"}}