{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T05:50:01Z","timestamp":1738216201501,"version":"3.34.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]],"date-time":"2008-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1209600000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,2]],"date-time":"2008-04-02T16:10:21Z","timestamp":1207152621000},"page":"25-34","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Administration of angiotensin II in the paraventricular nucleus protects gastric mucosa from ischemia-reperfusion injury"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1212","author":[{"given":"Yong-Mei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Er-Qing","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian-Fu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib1","first-page":"G48","article-title":"Polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration into gastric mucosa after ischemia-reperfusion","volume":"266","author":"Andrews","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018813902094","article-title":"Expression of adhesion molecules and leukocyte recruitment into gastric mucosa following ischemia-reperfusion","volume":"42","author":"Andrews","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.2174\/1568007033482661","article-title":"Stress and angiotensin II: novel therapeutic opportunities","volume":"2","author":"Armando","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets CNS Neurol. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.01.037","article-title":"Angiotensin II AT(1) receptor blockade prevents the hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor response to isolation stress","volume":"1142","author":"Armando","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(96)00141-9","article-title":"Decreased nitric oxide production following extremity ischemia and reperfusion","volume":"172","author":"Blebea","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G414","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00058.2003","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonism prevent stress-induced gastric injury","volume":"285","author":"Bregonzio","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00287-9","article-title":"Role of gastric acid secretion in progression of acute gastric erosions induced by ischemia-reperfusion into gastric ulcers","volume":"398","author":"Brzozowski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1159\/000201462","article-title":"Role of beta-adrenoceptors in gastric mucosal integrity and gastroprotection induced by epidermal growth factor","volume":"58","author":"Brzozowski","year":"1997","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(92)90593-S","article-title":"Losartan potassium, a nonpeptide antagonist of angiotensin II, chronically administered p.o. does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier","volume":"219","author":"Bui","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(01)00935-3","article-title":"Mechanisms involved in gastric protection of melatonin against oxidant stress by ischemia-reperfusion in rats","volume":"68","author":"Cabeza","year":"2001","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-122-1-370","article-title":"Repeated stress increases the density of angiotensin II binding sites in rat paraventricular nucleus and subfornical organ","volume":"122","author":"Castren","year":"1988","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G357","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00478.2002","article-title":"Musings on the wanderer: what's new in our understanding of vago-vagal reflex? IV. Current concepts of vagal efferent projections to the gut","volume":"284","author":"Chang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16518","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)84737-3","article-title":"Identification of angiotensin-(1\u20137) in rat brain. Evidence for differential processing of angiotensin peptides","volume":"264","author":"Chappell","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(98)00983-2","article-title":"Effects of systemic treatment with irbesartan and losartan on central responses to angiotensin II in conscious, normotensive rats","volume":"367","author":"Culman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s003950050202","article-title":"Interactions between the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and the sympathetic system","volume":"93","author":"Dendorfer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Basic Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000028001.65341.AA","article-title":"Angiotensin II induces catecholamine release by direct ganglionic excitation","volume":"40","author":"Dendorfer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.36.6.1083","article-title":"Nervous kidney. Interaction between renal sympathetic nerves and the renin-angiotensin system in the control of renal function","volume":"36","author":"DiBona","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2003.11.161","article-title":"Central angiotensin II increases biosynthesis of tyrosine hydroxylase in the rat adrenal medulla","volume":"313","author":"Dogan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(24)01470-4","article-title":"The sympathetic nerve-an integrative interface between two supersystems: the brain and the immune system","volume":"52","author":"Elenkov","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1177\/153537020122600205","article-title":"Hormonal and neurotransmitter roles for angiotensin in the regulation of central autonomic function","volume":"226","author":"Ferguson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib21","first-page":"G1024","article-title":"Corticosterone increase inhibits stress-induced gastric erosions in rats","volume":"274","author":"Filaretova","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01540339","article-title":"Effects of autonomic nervous system on gastric damage by ethanol in the rat","volume":"34","author":"Foschi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2271","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00949.2004","article-title":"Sympathoexcitation by central ANG II: roles for AT1 receptor upregulation and NAD(P)H oxidase in RVLM","volume":"288","author":"Gao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.1996.tb03072.x","article-title":"Angiotensin II and the adrenal","volume":"3","author":"Giacchetti","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)32410-2","article-title":"Neural control of gastric mucosal blood flow in the rat","volume":"69","author":"Guth","year":"1975","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(79)80133-X","article-title":"Topical aspirin plus HCl gastric lesions in the rat. Cytoprotective effect of prostaglandin, cimetidine, and probanthine","volume":"76","author":"Guth","year":"1979","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(97)00609-7","article-title":"Phosphoramidon, an endothelin converting enzyme inhibitor attenuates local gastric ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats","volume":"61","author":"Hassan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018829718952","article-title":"Gastric mucosal injury induced by local ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Role of endogenous endothelin-1 and free radical","volume":"42","author":"Hassan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib29","first-page":"G179","article-title":"Autonomic pathways in development of neural stimulation-induced gastric mucosal damage","volume":"266","author":"Hierlihy","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib30","first-page":"R194","article-title":"Role of ANG II in mediating somatosensory-induced renal nerve-dependent antinatriuresis in the rat","volume":"275","author":"Huang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005413511320","article-title":"Involvement of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in gastric ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats: protective effect of tetrahydrobiopterin","volume":"45","author":"Ishii","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib32","first-page":"33","article-title":"The innervation of the adrenal gland. I. The source of pre-and postganglionic nerve fibres to the rat adrenal gland","volume":"157","author":"Kesse","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1159\/000056095","article-title":"Role of nitric oxide and mucus in ischemia\/reperfusion-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats","volume":"62","author":"Kim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"PL127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(96)00694-7","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression on acute gastric injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats","volume":"60","author":"Kishimoto","year":"1997","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1159\/000139523","article-title":"Effects of cimetidine on acute gastric mucosal injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats","volume":"55","author":"Kitano","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1006\/frne.1997.0155","article-title":"Expression of angiotensin type-1 (AT1) and type-2 (AT2) receptor mRNAs in the adult rat brain: a functional neuroanatomical review","volume":"18","author":"Lenkei","year":"1997","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1159\/000054714","article-title":"Restraint stress modulates brain, pituitary and adrenal expression of angiotensin II AT(1A), AT(1B) and AT(2) receptors","volume":"75","author":"Leong","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(85)90554-2","article-title":"The course of paraventricular hypothalamic efferents to autonomic structures in medulla and spinal cord","volume":"329","author":"Luiten","year":"1985","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-2725(02)00306-0","article-title":"The brain renin-angiotensin system: location and physiological roles","volume":"35","author":"McKinley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R427","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00499.2004","article-title":"Restraint stress delays solid gastric emptying via a central CRF and peripheral sympathetic neuron in rats","volume":"288","author":"Nakade","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)02377-5","article-title":"Chronic peripheral administration of the angiotensin II AT(1) receptor antagonist candesartan blocks brain AT(1) receptors","volume":"871","author":"Nishimura","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"year":"1986","series-title":"The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates","author":"Paxinos","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib42"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(98)00329-X","article-title":"Evaluation of the ability of irbesartan to cross the blood-brain barrier following acute intragastric treatment","volume":"352","author":"Polidori","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3861","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-0397","article-title":"Peripheral mechanisms involved in gastric mucosal protection by intracerebroventricular and intraperitoneal nociceptin in rats","volume":"146","author":"Polidori","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-005-4011-5","article-title":"Brain angiotensin II: new developments, unanswered questions and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"25","author":"Saavedra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.12.015","article-title":"Anti-stress and anti-anxiety effects of centrally acting angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonists","volume":"128","author":"Saavedra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Regul. Pept."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890701350735","article-title":"Brain and peripheral angiotensin II play a major role in stress","volume":"10","author":"Saavedra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(88)90026-X","article-title":"The hypothalamus and gastric mucosal injuries: origin of stress-induced injury?","volume":"22","author":"Salim","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.06.079","article-title":"Oral administration of an AT1 receptor antagonist prevents the central effects of angiotensin II in spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"1028","author":"Seltzer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.06.030183.001413","article-title":"Hypothalamic integration: organization of the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei","volume":"6","author":"Swanson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2006.02.005","article-title":"CV-11974, angiotensin II type I receptor antagonist, protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury of the small intestine in rats","volume":"535","author":"Takagi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(01)01119-0","article-title":"The role of nitric oxide in the gastric acid secretion induced by ischemia-reperfusion in the pylorus-ligated rat","volume":"424","author":"Tanaka","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"PL295","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(96)00500-0","article-title":"A new gastric ulcer model induced by ischemia-reperfusion in the rat: role of leukocytes on ulceration in rat stomach","volume":"59","author":"Wada","year":"1996","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1983.tb02857.x","article-title":"Gastric blood flow responses to autonomic nerve stimulation and related pharmacological studies in rats","volume":"35","author":"Yano","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000018590.26853.C7","article-title":"Losartan reduces central and peripheral sympathetic nerve activity in a rat model of neurogenic hypertension","volume":"39","author":"Ye","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)00257-6","article-title":"The role of paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus in stress-ulcer formation in rats","volume":"761","author":"Zhang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(02)01850-7","article-title":"Neuroregulative mechanism of hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus on gastric ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats","volume":"71","author":"Zhang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2007.04652.x","article-title":"Extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways may mediate the protective effect of electrical stimulation of the paraventricular nucleus against ischaemia-reperfusion injury of the gastric mucosa","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2039","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00854.2001","article-title":"Microinjection of ANG II into paraventricular nucleus enhances cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex in rats","volume":"282","author":"Zhu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."}],"container-title":["Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006899308006768?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006899308006768?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T11:42:38Z","timestamp":1738150958000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006899308006768"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"references-count":59,"alternative-id":["S0006899308006768"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.028","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-8993"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0006-8993"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]}}}