{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:28:08Z","timestamp":1792783688497,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":156,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]],"date-time":"2010-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1283299200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,3]],"date-time":"2010-05-03T02:19:52Z","timestamp":1272853192000},"page":"77-85","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":141,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Metabolic impact of sex hormones on obesity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1350","author":[{"given":"Lynda M.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lana","family":"Gent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah J.","family":"Clegg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1038\/382250a0","article-title":"Role of leptin in the neuroendocrine response to fasting","volume":"382","author":"Ahima","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4923","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.11.7105","article-title":"Distinct physiologic and neuronal responses to decreased leptin and mild hyperleptinemia","volume":"140","author":"Ahima","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801806","article-title":"Estrogen deficiency causes central leptin insensitivity and increased hypothalamic neuropeptide Y","volume":"25","author":"Ainslie","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.16.1530","article-title":"Annual deaths attributable to obesity in the United States","volume":"282","author":"Allison","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib5","first-page":"123","article-title":"Hypothalamic control of food intake in rats and cats","volume":"24","author":"Anand","year":"1951","journal-title":"Yale J. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.06.004","article-title":"Leptin receptor signaling in POMC neurons is required for normal body weight homeostasis","volume":"42","author":"Balthasar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-0760(01)00143-1","article-title":"Phosphorylation processes mediate rapid changes of brain aromatase activity","volume":"79","author":"Balthazart","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.98.1.125","article-title":"Dietary self-selection in intact, ovariectomized, and estradiol-treated female rats","volume":"98","author":"Bartness","year":"1984","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5547","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.136.12.7588307","article-title":"Estradiol inhibits the increase of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y messenger ribonucleic acid expression induced by weight loss in ovariectomized rats","volume":"136","author":"Baskin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.48.4.828","article-title":"Leptin receptor mRNA identifies a subpopulation of neuropeptide Y neurons activated by fasting in rat hypothalamus","volume":"48","author":"Baskin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1159\/000054444","article-title":"Cyclical variations in the abundance of leptin receptors, but not in circulating leptin, correlate with NPY expression during the oestrous cycle","volume":"69","author":"Bennett","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.59.103006.093551","article-title":"The brain, appetite, and obesity","volume":"59","author":"Berthoud","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/12.suppl_1.21","article-title":"Hormonal control of regional fat distribution","volume":"12","author":"Bjorntorp","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(76)90064-0","article-title":"Ovarian influences on the meal patterns of female rats","volume":"17","author":"Blaustein","year":"1976","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-128-3-1265","article-title":"Changes in proopiomelanocortin messenger ribonucleic acid levels in the rostral periarcuate region of the female rat during the estrous cycle","volume":"128","author":"Bohler","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.134.6.8194462","article-title":"Anorectic effects of estrogen may be mediated by decreased neuropeptide-Y release in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus","volume":"134","author":"Bonavera","year":"1994","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-14-1-72","article-title":"Genetic and nongenetic determinants of regional fat distribution","volume":"14","author":"Bouchard","year":"1993","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"issue":"supplement 1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib18","first-page":"119","article-title":"Hypothalamic and genetic obesity: an appraisal of the autonomic hypothesis and the endocrine hypothesis","volume":"8","author":"Bray","year":"1984","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib19","first-page":"R445","article-title":"Obesity-inducing hypothalamic knife cuts: effects on lipolysis and blood insulin levels","volume":"243","author":"Bray","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(89)90062-0","article-title":"Central implants of diluted estradiol: independent effects on ingestive and reproductive behaviors of ovariectomized rats","volume":"491","author":"Butera","year":"1989","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(90)90386-I","article-title":"Changes in ingestive behaviors and body weight following intracranial application of 17 alpha-estradiol","volume":"47","author":"Butera","year":"1990","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(92)90694-5","article-title":"Effects of PVN lesions on the responsiveness of female rats to estradiol","volume":"576","author":"Butera","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2543","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0405841102","article-title":"Identification of pathway-selective estrogen receptor ligands that inhibit NF-kappaB transcriptional activity","volume":"102","author":"Chadwick","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib24","first-page":"335s","article-title":"Third ventricular insulin infusion attenuates NPY-induced feeding at the level of the paraventricular nucleus","volume":"3","author":"Chavez","year":"1995","journal-title":"Obes. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81294-5","article-title":"Evidence that the diabetes gene encodes the leptin receptor: identification of a mutation in the leptin receptor gene in db\/db mice","volume":"84","author":"Chen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4489","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.138.10.5570","article-title":"Proopiomelanocortin neurons are direct targets for leptin in the hypothalamus","volume":"138","author":"Cheung","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"supplement 1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib27","article-title":"Estrogen mediates body fat distribution and brain sensitivity to adiposity signals","volume":"52","author":"Clegg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib28","first-page":"324","article-title":"Sex hormones determine body fat distribution and sensitivity to adiposity signals","volume":"40","author":"Clegg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.3.682","article-title":"Differential sensitivity to central leptin and insulin in male and female rats","volume":"52","author":"Clegg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.55.04.06.db05-1339","article-title":"Gonadal hormones determine sensitivity to central leptin and insulin","volume":"55","author":"Clegg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S63","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801913","article-title":"The arcuate nucleus as a conduit for diverse signals relevant to energy homeostasis","volume":"25","author":"Cone","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1998.8997","article-title":"Identification of estrogen receptor beta RNA in human breast and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue","volume":"248","author":"Crandall","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib33","first-page":"R311","article-title":"Involvement of the medial preoptic area in the anorectic action of estrogens","volume":"272","author":"Dagnault","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(80)91070-7","article-title":"Cortical activity and sleep in the rat lateral hypothalamic syndrome","volume":"185","author":"Danguir","year":"1980","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2007.11.057","article-title":"Inflammation and insulin resistance","volume":"582","author":"de Luca","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800902","article-title":"Serum leptin concentration, body composition, and gonadal hormones during puberty","volume":"23","author":"Demerath","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.4.799","article-title":"Mice heterozygous for Atp10c, a putative amphipath, represent a novel model of obesity and type 2 diabetes","volume":"134","author":"Dhar","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.1998.00261.x","article-title":"Leptin receptor immunoreactivity is associated with the Golgi apparatus of hypothalamic neurons and glial cells","volume":"10","author":"Diano","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(84)90313-5","article-title":"Effects of stereoisomers of estradiol on food intake, body weight and hoarding behavior in female rats","volume":"32","author":"Donohoe","year":"1984","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1038\/242476a0","article-title":"Sexual behaviour and sexual motivation in the female rat","volume":"242","author":"Drewett","year":"1973","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)80035-0","article-title":"Leptin differentially regulates NPY and POMC neurons projecting to the lateral hypothalamic area","volume":"23","author":"Elias","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9861(20000724)423:2<261::AID-CNE6>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Chemical characterization of leptin-activated neurons in the rat brain [In Process Citation]","volume":"423","author":"Elias","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.138.2.5033","article-title":"Leptin activates neurons in ventrobasal hypothalamus and brainstem","volume":"138","author":"Elmquist","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.2.741","article-title":"Leptin activates distinct projections from the dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei","volume":"95","author":"Elmquist","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19980615)395:4<535::AID-CNE9>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"Distributions of leptin receptor mRNA isoforms in the rat brain","volume":"395","author":"Elmquist","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1038\/2164","article-title":"Unraveling the central nervous system pathways underlying responses to leptin","volume":"1","author":"Elmquist","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)81084-3","article-title":"From lesions to leptin: hypothalamic control of food intake and body weight","volume":"22","author":"Elmquist","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-108-3-943","article-title":"Comparative studies of the aromatization of testosterone and epitestosterone by human placental aromatase","volume":"108","author":"Finkelstein","year":"1981","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1095","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00390.2006","article-title":"Resistance to high-fat diet in the female progeny of obese mice fed a control diet during the periconceptual, gestation, and lactation periods","volume":"292","author":"Gallou-Kabani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1525","article-title":"Anorectic estrogen mimics leptin's effect on the rewiring of melanocortin cells and Stat3 signaling in obese animals","volume":"13","author":"Gao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4751","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.142.11.8504","article-title":"Deficits in E2-dependent control of feeding, weight gain, and cholecystokinin satiation in ER-alpha null mice","volume":"142","author":"Geary","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2957","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.25.8.2957-2968.2005","article-title":"17beta-estradiol inhibits inflammatory gene expression by controlling NF-kappaB intracellular localization","volume":"25","author":"Ghisletti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1038\/320134a0","article-title":"Human oestrogen receptor cDNA: sequence, expression and homology to v-erb-A","volume":"320","author":"Green","year":"1986","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4241","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0550","article-title":"Evaluation of an estrogen receptor-beta agonist in animal models of human disease","volume":"144","author":"Harris","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12729","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.23.12729","article-title":"Increased adipose tissue in male and female estrogen receptor-alpha knockout mice","volume":"97","author":"Heine","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2003.08.089","article-title":"Neuropeptide Y and energy homeostasis: insights from Y receptor knockout models","volume":"480","author":"Herzog","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1090780203","article-title":"Hypothalamic lesions and adiposity in the rat","volume":"78","author":"Hetherington","year":"1940","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.04.073","article-title":"Ablation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) prevents upregulation of POMC by leptin and insulin","volume":"371","author":"Hirosawa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(02)00857-0","article-title":"Hypothalamic implants of dilute estradiol fail to reduce feeding in ovariectomized rats","volume":"77","author":"Hrupka","year":"2002","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0007-1331.2001.00742.x","article-title":"Rapid stimulation of the PI3-kinase\/Akt signalling pathway in developing midbrain neurones by oestrogen","volume":"14","author":"Ivanova","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI10842","article-title":"Obesity and insulin resistance","volume":"106","author":"Kahn","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.01.004","article-title":"Transcription factor cross-talk: the estrogen receptor and NF-kappaB","volume":"16","author":"Kalaitzidis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(91)90265-B","article-title":"Regional obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease; the Framingham study","volume":"44","author":"Kannel","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(01)00377-0","article-title":"Rapid actions of plasma membrane estrogen receptors","volume":"12","author":"Kelly","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/0018-506X(89)90064-0","article-title":"Effects of ovarian hormones on eating behaviors, body weight, and glucoregulation in rhesus monkeys","volume":"23","author":"Kemnitz","year":"1989","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1159\/000054499","article-title":"Regulation of hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin by leptin in lean and obese rats","volume":"70","author":"Korner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111040","article-title":"Impact of obesity on metabolism in men and women. Importance of regional adipose tissue distribution","volume":"72","author":"Krotkiewski","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5925","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.12.5925","article-title":"Cloning of a novel receptor expressed in rat prostate and ovary","volume":"93","author":"Kuiper","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3868","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-0194","article-title":"Suppression of leptin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid and leptin responsiveness in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus during pregnancy in the rat","volume":"146","author":"Ladyman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0701","article-title":"Adipokines, inflammation, and visceral adiposity across the menopausal transition: a prospective study","volume":"94","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(73)90253-9","article-title":"The effects of gonadectomy on the sex differences in dietary self-selection patterns and carcass compositions of rats","volume":"11","author":"Leshner","year":"1973","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib73","first-page":"R382","article-title":"Arcuate NPY neurons and energy homeostasis in diet-induced obese and resistant rats","volume":"276","author":"Levin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(00)00382-8","article-title":"Leptin receptor 5\u2032 untranslated regions in the rat: relative abundance, genomic organization and relation to putative response elements","volume":"172","author":"Lindell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-999229","article-title":"Oral induction of the insulin hyper-responsiveness in rats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions","volume":"12","author":"Louis-Sylvestre","year":"1980","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.139.4.5863","article-title":"Androgen receptor in mouse brain: sex differences and similarities in autoregulation","volume":"139","author":"Lu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.4.6617","article-title":"In vivo and in vitro ob gene expression and leptin secretion in rat adipocytes: evidence for a regional specific regulation by sex steroid hormones","volume":"140","author":"Machinal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1006\/mcne.1994.1083","article-title":"Aromatase in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and mid-brain: ontogeny and developmental implications","volume":"5","author":"MacLusky","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21584","article-title":"PI3K signaling effects in hypothalamic neurons mediated by estrogen","volume":"506","author":"Malyala","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20128","article-title":"Distribution of estrogen receptor alpha and beta in the mouse central nervous system: in vivo autoradiographic and immunocytochemical analyses","volume":"473","author":"Merchenthaler","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib81","first-page":"R337","article-title":"Effect of lateral hypothalamic lesions on regulation of body weight and adiposity in rats","volume":"239","author":"Milam","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-221069","article-title":"Immunolocalization of estrogen receptor beta in the mouse brain: comparison with estrogen receptor alpha","volume":"144","author":"Mitra","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-0115","article-title":"Arcuate nucleus-specific leptin receptor gene therapy attenuates the obesity phenotype of Koletsky (fa(k)\/fa(k)) rats","volume":"144","author":"Morton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1037\/h0077746","article-title":"Estrus- and ovariectomy-induced body weight changes: evidence for two estrogenic mechanisms","volume":"94","author":"Mueller","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2501","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610787104","article-title":"Silencing of estrogen receptor alpha in the ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus leads to metabolic syndrome","volume":"104","author":"Musatov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2512","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-0409","article-title":"Minireview: Molecular targets for obesity therapy in the brain","volume":"150","author":"Obici","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2000.3827","article-title":"Obesity and disturbed lipoprotein profile in estrogen receptor-alpha- deficient male mice","volume":"278","author":"Ohlsson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802378","article-title":"Association of polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor alpha gene with body fat distribution","volume":"27","author":"Okura","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-003-0983-8","article-title":"Association of the mitochondrial DNA 15497G\/A polymorphism with obesity in a middle-aged and elderly Japanese population","volume":"113","author":"Okura","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15932","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0904747106","article-title":"Functional requirement of AgRP and NPY neurons in ovarian cycle-dependent regulation of food intake","volume":"106","author":"Olofsson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(97)00351-3","article-title":"Differential distribution and regulation of estrogen receptor-alpha and -beta mRNA within the female rat brain","volume":"54","author":"Osterlund","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.9.5.7896011","article-title":"Membrane estrogen receptors identified by multiple antibody labeling and impeded-ligand binding","volume":"9","author":"Pappas","year":"1995","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2009.05.011","article-title":"Sex differences in postprandial plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein concentrations","volume":"58","author":"Payette","year":"2009","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2007.01548.x","article-title":"Oestrogenic regulation of pro-opiomelanocortin, neuropeptide Y and corticotrophin-releasing hormone mRNAs in mouse hypothalamus","volume":"19","author":"Pelletier","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.5.1337","article-title":"Effects of acute and chronic administration of the melanocortin agonist MTII in mice with diet-induced obesity","volume":"51","author":"Pierroz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-123-9-199511010-00005","article-title":"Changes in energy balance and body composition at menopause: a controlled longitudinal study","volume":"123","author":"Poehlman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1386.035","article-title":"Estrogen action in neuroprotection and brain inflammation","volume":"1089","author":"Pozzi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9529","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-29-09529.2003","article-title":"Rapid signaling of estrogen in hypothalamic neurons involves a novel G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor that activates protein kinase C","volume":"23","author":"Qiu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib99","first-page":"307","article-title":"Cell membrane and nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs) originate from a single transcript: studies of ERalpha and ERbeta expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells","volume":"13","author":"Razandi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(75)90257-7","article-title":"Metering of intravenously infused nutrients in VMH lesioned rats","volume":"15","author":"Rowland","year":"1975","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.1.127","article-title":"Hormone replacement therapy, insulin sensitivity, and abdominal obesity in postmenopausal women","volume":"25","author":"Ryan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.9.1401","article-title":"Effects of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy on central abdominal fat, glycemic control, lipid metabolism, and vascular factors in type 2 diabetes: a prospective study","volume":"22","author":"Samaras","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1104344","article-title":"Diabetes, obesity, and the brain","volume":"307","author":"Schwartz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1038\/35007534","article-title":"Central nervous system control of food intake","volume":"404","author":"Schwartz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1245","article-title":"Monitoring of stored and available fuel by the CNS: implications for obesity","volume":"4","author":"Seeley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-979874","article-title":"Intraventricular leptin reduces food intake and body weight of lean rats but not obese Zucker rats","volume":"28","author":"Seeley","year":"1996","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/37016","article-title":"Melanocortin receptors in leptin effects","volume":"390","author":"Seeley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3015","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28898","article-title":"TLR4 links innate immunity and fatty acid-induced insulin resistance","volume":"116","author":"Shi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-7722.2003.00042.x","article-title":"Distribution of estrogen receptor beta mRNA-containing cells in ovariectomized and estrogen-treated female rat brain","volume":"78","author":"Shima","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anat. Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1540285","article-title":"Estrogen increases in vivo leptin production in rats and human subjects","volume":"154","author":"Shimizu","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.03.059","article-title":"Obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance","volume":"132","author":"Shoelson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5649","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.138.12.5712","article-title":"The distribution of estrogen receptor-beta mRNA in forebrain regions of the estrogen receptor-alpha knockout mouse","volume":"138","author":"Shughrue","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19971201)388:4<507::AID-CNE1>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Comparative distribution of estrogen receptor-alpha and -beta mRNA in the rat central nervous system","volume":"388","author":"Shughrue","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11008","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.20.11008","article-title":"Responses in the brain of estrogen receptor alpha-disrupted mice","volume":"94","author":"Shughrue","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902940107","article-title":"Distribution of androgen and estrogen receptor mRNA-containing cells in the rat brain: an in situ hybridization study","volume":"294","author":"Simerly","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1038\/35035131","article-title":"Interaction of oestrogen receptor with the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase","volume":"407","author":"Simoncini","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.1997.00659.x","article-title":"Differential expression of estrogen receptor alpha and beta immunoreactivity by oxytocin neurons of rat paraventricular nucleus","volume":"9","author":"Simonian","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19990823)411:2<346::AID-CNE13>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Identification and characterization of estrogen receptor alpha-containing neurons projecting to the vicinity of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone perikarya in the rostral preoptic area of the rat","volume":"411","author":"Simonian","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1385\/ENDO:14:3:407","article-title":"Ovarian hormones elicit phosphorylation of Akt and extracellular-signal regulated kinase in explants of the cerebral cortex","volume":"14","author":"Singh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3011.2004.00134.x","article-title":"Expression of proopiomelanocortin and proenkephalin mRNA in sexually dimorphic brain regions are altered in adult male and female rats treated prenatally with morphine","volume":"63","author":"Slamberova","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pept. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib121","first-page":"947","article-title":"The role of estrogen receptor, vitamin D receptor and calcium receptor genotypes in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer","volume":"142","author":"Speer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Orv. Hetil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4971","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.15.9.4971","article-title":"Repression of the interleukin-6 promoter by estrogen receptor is mediated by NF-kappa B and C\/EBP beta","volume":"15","author":"Stein","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2003.08.005","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome: an emerging health epidemic in women","volume":"46","author":"Steinbaum","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prog. Cardiovasc. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-128X(01)00142-8","article-title":"Rapid non-genomic and genomic responses to progestogens, estrogens, and glucocorticoids in the endocrine pancreatic B cell, the adipocyte and other cell types","volume":"67","author":"Sutter-Dub","year":"2002","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90151-5","article-title":"Identification and expression cloning of a leptin receptor, OB-R","volume":"83","author":"Tartaglia","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0340","article-title":"Hindbrain administration of estradiol inhibits feeding and activates estrogen receptor-alpha-expressing cells in the nucleus tractus solitarius of ovariectomized rats","volume":"149","author":"Thammacharoen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5063","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.138.11.5651","article-title":"Regulation of hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin mRNA by leptin in ob\/ob mice","volume":"138","author":"Thornton","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1347.009","article-title":"Estrogen and the brain: beyond ER-alpha, ER-beta, and 17beta-estradiol","volume":"1052","author":"Toran-Allerand","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3843","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-1616","article-title":"17alpha-estradiol: a brain-active estrogen?","volume":"146","author":"Toran-Allerand","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2005-0020","article-title":"Complex actions of sex steroids in adipose tissue, the cardiovascular system, and brain: insights from basic science and clinical studies","volume":"27","author":"Turgeon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib131","first-page":"R1096","article-title":"Central infusions of leptin and GLP-1-(7-36) amide differentially stimulate c-FOS in the rat brain","volume":"271","author":"Van Dijk","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2007.08.003","article-title":"Non-genomic actions of estrogens and their interaction with genomic actions in the brain","volume":"29","author":"Vasudevan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-06-01809.2001","article-title":"Estrogen prevents the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in microglia","volume":"21","author":"Vegeto","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9614","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1531957100","article-title":"Estrogen receptor-alpha mediates the brain antiinflammatory activity of estradiol","volume":"100","author":"Vegeto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5474","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.10.5474","article-title":"Estrogen receptor specificity in the regulation of skeletal growth and maturation in male mice","volume":"97","author":"Vidal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(96)00551-9","article-title":"Identification of estrogen receptor-containing neurons projecting to the rat supraoptic nucleus","volume":"78","author":"Voisin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(72)90340-X","article-title":"Gonadal hormones and behavioral regulation of body weight","volume":"8","author":"Wade","year":"1972","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(79)90028-3","article-title":"Gonadal effects on food intake and adiposity: a metabolic hypothesis","volume":"22","author":"Wade","year":"1979","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1037\/h0029461","article-title":"Modulation of food intake and locomotor activity in female rats by diencephalic hormone implants","volume":"72","author":"Wade","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib139","first-page":"83","article-title":"Gonadal influences on adiposity","volume":"9","author":"Wade","year":"1985","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2351","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.9.2351","article-title":"Sex hormones and the selective estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen modulate weekly body weights and food intakes in adolescent and adult rats","volume":"131","author":"Wallen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21386","article-title":"The secretory function of adipocytes in the physiology of white adipose tissue","volume":"216","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.351","article-title":"Will all Americans become overweight or obese? Estimating the progression and cost of the US obesity epidemic","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI20514","article-title":"Obesity-induced inflammatory changes in adipose tissue","volume":"112","author":"Wellen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200525102","article-title":"Inflammation, stress, and diabetes","volume":"115","author":"Wellen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.143.4.8829","article-title":"Identification and characterization of a functionally distinct form of human estrogen receptor beta","volume":"143","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(01)00612-6","article-title":"The hypothalamus and the control of energy homeostasis: different circuits, different purposes","volume":"74","author":"Williams","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(02)00181-X","article-title":"Estradiol enhances Akt activation in cortical explant cultures following neuronal injury","volume":"102","author":"Wilson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1210\/mend-4-6-886","article-title":"Diurnal pattern of proopiomelanocortin gene expression in the arcuate nucleus of proestrous, ovariectomized, and steroid-treated rats: a possible role in cyclic luteinizing hormone secretion","volume":"4","author":"Wise","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2009.11.3\/pmwise","article-title":"Estradiol: a hormone with diverse and contradictory neuroprotective actions","volume":"11","author":"Wise","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(00)00454-8","article-title":"Adiposity signals and the control of energy homeostasis","volume":"16","author":"Woods","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.51.1.255","article-title":"Food intake and the regulation of body weight","volume":"51","author":"Woods","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1999.tb00718.x","article-title":"Effects of exogenous gonadal steroids on leptin homeostasis in rats","volume":"7","author":"Wu-Peng","year":"1999","journal-title":"Obes. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-002-0348-0","article-title":"Association of polymorphisms of the estrogen receptor alpha gene with bone mineral density of the femoral neck in elderly Japanese women","volume":"80","author":"Yamada","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-90-4-885","article-title":"Dependence of hypothalamic obesity on insulin, the pituitary and the adrenal gland","volume":"90","author":"York","year":"1972","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0516","article-title":"Hyperleptinemia without obesity in male mice lacking androgen receptor in adipose tissue","volume":"149","author":"Yu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/372425a0","article-title":"Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue","volume":"372","author":"Zhang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006899310009534?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006899310009534?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T22:03:27Z","timestamp":1635285807000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006899310009534"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"references-count":156,"alternative-id":["S0006899310009534"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.04.056","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-8993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-8993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]}}}