{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T18:16:26Z","timestamp":1790619386129,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]],"date-time":"2012-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1343779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,11]],"date-time":"2012-07-11T06:17:29Z","timestamp":1341987449000},"page":"155-161","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Neocortical vasculature abnormalities in the Fragile X mental retardation syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1471","author":[{"given":"Ashley M.","family":"Galvan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Galvez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.210.169","article-title":"Enhanced perfusion in eyes and cerebral perfusion defects in a patient with Fragile X syndrome","volume":"210","author":"Balci","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tohoku J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2004.04.009","article-title":"The mGluR theory of fragile X mental retardation","volume":"27","author":"Bear","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib3","series-title":"Mental Retardation: An Introduction to Intellectual Disabilities.","author":"Beirne-Smith","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(87)90113-3","article-title":"Complex experience promotes capillary formation in young rat visual cortex","volume":"83","author":"Black","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5568","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.14.5568","article-title":"Learning causes synaptogenesis, whereas motor activity causes angiogenesis, in cerebellar cortex of adult rats","volume":"87","author":"Black","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1177\/109980040000100404","article-title":"Behavioral effects of transient cerebral ischemia","volume":"1","author":"Briones","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol. Res. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib8","first-page":"517","article-title":"Mental state, cognitive functioning, physical health, and social class in the community aged","volume":"22","author":"Britton","year":"1967","journal-title":"J. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(03)00187-9","article-title":"TSC2 regulates VEGF through mTOR-dependent and -independent pathways","volume":"4","author":"Brugarolas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Cell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.t01-1-01430","article-title":"Fitness effects on the cognitive function of older adults: a meta-analytic study","volume":"14","author":"Colcombe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5401","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.10.5401","article-title":"Abnormal dendritic spines in Fragile X knockout mice: maturation and pruning deficits","volume":"94","author":"Comery","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2008.052498","article-title":"Aerobic exercise effects on cognitive and neural plasticity in older adults","volume":"43","author":"Erickson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2007.02.020","article-title":"Pepsin pretreatment allows collagen IV immunostaining of blood vessels in adult mouse brain","volume":"163","author":"Franciosi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.30709","article-title":"Sequence of abnormal dendritic spine development in primary somatosensory cortex of a mouse model of the Fragile X mental retardation syndrome","volume":"135","author":"Galvez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6062","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5582-05.2006","article-title":"Vibrissa-signaled eyeblink conditioning induces somatosensory cortical plasticity","volume":"26","author":"Galvez","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib15","series-title":"Fragile X Syndrome: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Research","author":"Hagerman","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14223","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3157-11.2011","article-title":"Altered neocortical rhythmic activity states in Fmr1 KO mice are due to enhanced mGluR5 signaling and involve changes in excitatory circuitry","volume":"31","author":"Hays","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320410306","article-title":"Analysis of neocortex in three males with the Fragile X syndrome","volume":"41","author":"Hinton","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6352","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0995-04.2004","article-title":"Activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway is required for metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent long-term depression","volume":"24","author":"Hou","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/10.10.1038","article-title":"Dendritic spine structural anomalies in Fragile-X mental retardation syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Irwin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1006\/nlme.1999.3914","article-title":"Evidence for altered Fragile-X mental retardation protein expression in response to behavioral stimulation","volume":"74","author":"Irwin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn Mem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8628(20010115)98:2<161::AID-AJMG1025>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"Abnormal dendritic spine characteristics in the temporal and visual cortices of patients with Fragile-X syndrome: a quantitative examination","volume":"98","author":"Irwin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.10500","article-title":"Dendritic spine and dendritic field characteristics of layer V pyramidal neurons in the visual cortex of Fragile-X knockout mice","volume":"111","author":"Irwin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1992.14","article-title":"Exercise and the brain: angiogenesis in the adult rat cerebellum after vigorous physical activity and motor skill learning","volume":"12","author":"Isaacs","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1177\/7010.2006.00230","article-title":"Fragile X syndrome and cerebral perfusion abnormalities: single-photon emission computed tomographic study","volume":"21","author":"Kabakus","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Child Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1038\/22682","article-title":"Ageing, fitness and neurocognitive function","volume":"400","author":"Kramer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1385\/JMN:20:3:213","article-title":"Enhancing brain and cognitive function of older adults through fitness training","volume":"20","author":"Kramer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1037\/h0082958","article-title":"Age differences in performance and subjective organization in the free-recall learning of pictorial material","volume":"20","author":"Laurence","year":"1966","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17768","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1012496107","article-title":"Dendritic spine instability and insensitivity to modulation by sensory experience in a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome","volume":"107","author":"Pan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib41","unstructured":"Paxinos, G., Franklin, K., 2008. The Mouse Brain in Sterotaxic Coordinates, Academic Press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90125-I","article-title":"Absence of expression of the FMR-1 gene in Fragile X syndrome","volume":"66","author":"Pieretti","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15758","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.242377399","article-title":"Increased rates of cerebral glucose metabolism in a mouse model of Fragile X mental retardation","volume":"99","author":"Qin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5087","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0093-05.2005","article-title":"Postadolescent changes in regional cerebral protein synthesis: an in vivo study in the FMR1 null mouse","volume":"25","author":"Qin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.06.081","article-title":"A null mutation for Fmr1 in female mice: effects on regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose and relationship to behavior","volume":"135","author":"Qin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib33","first-page":"89","article-title":"Effects of age, growth hormone, cortisone, and other factors on collateral circulation","volume":"57","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1954","journal-title":"AMA Arch. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00687814","article-title":"Adult Fragile X syndrome. Clinico-neuropathologic findings","volume":"67","author":"Rudelli","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3696-09.2010","article-title":"Dysregulation of mTOR signaling in fragile X syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Sharma","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI102760","article-title":"The effects of aging, arteriosclerosis, and hypertension upon the cerebral circulation","volume":"32","author":"Shenkin","year":"1953","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(88)90107-1","article-title":"Direct evidence that complex experience increases capillary branching and surface area in visual cortex of young rats","volume":"471","author":"Sirevaag","year":"1988","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(02)00664-4","article-title":"Prolonged exercise induces angiogenesis and increases cerebral blood volume in primary motor cortex of the rat","volume":"117","author":"Swain","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90397-H","article-title":"Identification of a gene (FMR-1) containing a CGG repeat coincident with a breakpoint cluster region exhibiting length variation in Fragile X syndrome","volume":"65","author":"Verkerk","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320380267","article-title":"The Fra(X) syndrome: neurological, electrophysiological, and neuropathological abnormalities","volume":"38","author":"Wisniewski","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddq431","article-title":"Drosophila FMRP regulates microtubule network formation and axonal transport of mitochondria","volume":"20","author":"Yao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."}],"container-title":["Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006899312011420?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006899312011420?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]],"date-time":"2018-11-22T01:55:28Z","timestamp":1542851728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006899312011420"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S0006899312011420"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.056","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-8993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-8993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]}}}