{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T07:08:34Z","timestamp":1782025714895,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]],"date-time":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81471183"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81471183"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["BK20141377"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20141377"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,23]],"date-time":"2015-07-23T02:05:03Z","timestamp":1437617103000},"page":"113-124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Astaxanthin reduces matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression and activity in the brain after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1624","author":[{"given":"Xiang-Sheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing-Rong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian-Wei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8687-7599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun-Hua","family":"Hang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.661728","article-title":"Isoflurane attenuates blood\u2013brain barrier disruption in ipsilateral hemisphere after subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice","volume":"43","author":"Altay","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stroke: J. Cereb. Circ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7724","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-19-07724.2001","article-title":"Effects of matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene knock-out on the proteolysis of blood\u2013brain barrier and white matter components after cerebral ischemia","volume":"21","author":"Asahi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600283","article-title":"Mechanisms of early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"26","author":"Cahill","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.12.007","article-title":"Astaxanthin reduces matrix metalloproteinase expression in human chondrocytes","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000015624.29071.1F","article-title":"Global cerebral edema after subarachnoid hemorrhage: frequency, predictors, and impact on outcome","volume":"33","author":"Claassen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stroke: J. Cereb. Circ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2008.00569.x","article-title":"Melatonin regulates matrix metalloproteinases after traumatic experimental spinal cord injury","volume":"45","author":"Esposito","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426346","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/426346","article-title":"Influence of melatonin on cerebrovascular proinflammatory mediators expression and oxidative stress following subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits","volume":"2009","author":"Fang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1159\/000328248","article-title":"Contribution of matrix metalloproteinase-9 to cerebral edema and functional outcome following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"32","author":"Feiler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.26.4.627","article-title":"Neurological deficit and extent of neuronal necrosis attributable to middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Statistical validation","volume":"26","author":"Garcia","year":"1995","journal-title":"Stroke: J. Cereb. Circ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6401","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1563-05.2005","article-title":"A highly specific inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-9 rescues laminin from proteolysis and neurons from apoptosis in transient focal cerebral ischemia","volume":"25","author":"Gu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.10.006","article-title":"Pre-ischemic exercise reduces matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression and ameliorates blood\u2013brain barrier dysfunction in stroke","volume":"151","author":"Guo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-009-0192-x","article-title":"Role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in rats during early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"31","author":"Guo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1179\/016164109X12478302362491","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase-9 potentiates early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"32","author":"Guo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib14","first-page":"81","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase 9 inhibition reduces early brain injury in cortex after subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"110","author":"Guo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2008.00617.x","article-title":"Melatonin decreases matrix metalloproteinase-9 activation and expression and attenuates reperfusion-induced hemorrhage following transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats","volume":"45","author":"Hung","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.0906.06003","article-title":"Astaxanthin inhibits H2O2-mediated apoptotic cell death in mouse neural progenitor cells via modulation of P38 and MEK signaling pathways","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-009-0056-4","article-title":"Astaxanthin suppresses scavenger receptor expression and matrix metalloproteinase activity in macrophages","volume":"49","author":"Kishimoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.10-29","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of astaxanthin in oxygen\u2013glucose deprivation in SH\u2013SY5Y cells and global cerebral ischemia in rat","volume":"47","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WCB.0000122747.72175.47","article-title":"Induction of caspase-mediated cell death by matrix metalloproteinases in cerebral endothelial cells after hypoxia\u2013reoxygenation","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4243-03.2004","article-title":"Role of matrix metalloproteinases in delayed neuronal damage after transient global cerebral ischemia","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-013-8509-4","article-title":"Elevated cerebral cortical CD24 levels in patients and mice with traumatic brain injury: a potential negative role in nuclear factor kappab\/inflammatory factor pathway","volume":"49","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8271","DOI":"10.1021\/jf101689t","article-title":"Astaxanthin inhibits glutamate release in rat cerebral cortex nerve terminals via suppression of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) entry and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway","volume":"58","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-5949.2012.00366.x","article-title":"Ischemic postconditioning diminishes matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression and attenuates loss of the extracellular matrix proteins in rats following middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1106","article-title":"Mechanisms, challenges and opportunities in stroke","volume":"4","author":"Lo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05734.x","article-title":"Metalloproteinase and stroke infarct size: role for anti-inflammatory treatment?","volume":"1207","author":"Morancho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s10637-009-9342-5","article-title":"Astaxanthin inhibits tumor invasion by decreasing extracellular matrix production and induces apoptosis in experimental rat colon carcinogenesis by modulating the expressions of ERK-2, NFkB and COX-2","volume":"29","author":"Nagendraprabhu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Investig. New Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(01)00062-5","article-title":"Elements of cerebral microvascular ischaemia","volume":"36","author":"Petty","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10108","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases in neuroinflammation","volume":"39","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2006.067793","article-title":"Oxidized forms of glutathione in peripheral blood as biomarkers of oxidative stress","volume":"52","author":"Rossi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2012.02.003","article-title":"The importance of early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"97","author":"Sehba","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.08-123281","article-title":"Astaxanthin reduces ischemic brain injury in adult rats","volume":"23","author":"Shen","year":"2009","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.549592","article-title":"Role of interleukin-1beta in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice","volume":"40","author":"Sozen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stroke: J. Cereb. Circ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181c027ae","article-title":"Protective effects of recombinant osteopontin on early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats","volume":"38","author":"Suzuki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000227259.15506.24","article-title":"Cathepsin and calpain inhibitor E64d attenuates matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity after focal cerebral ischemia in rats","volume":"37","author":"Tsubokawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stroke: J. Cereb. Circ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2013.12.004","article-title":"Rosuvastatin ameliorates early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage via suppression of superoxide formation and nuclear factor-kappa B activation in rats","volume":"23","author":"Uekawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(03)03088-9","article-title":"Topographically graded postischemic presence of metalloproteinases is inhibited by hypothermia","volume":"984","author":"Wagner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2013.08.027","article-title":"Puerarin ameliorates oxidative stress in a rodent model of traumatic brain injury","volume":"186","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7037","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-18-07037.2000","article-title":"Effects of matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene knock-out on morphological and motor outcomes after traumatic brain injury","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2012.00978.x","article-title":"Melatonin activates the Nrf2-ARE pathway when it protects against early brain injury in a subarachnoid hemorrhage model","volume":"53","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21281","article-title":"Role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"85","author":"Yatsushige","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X.S., Zhang, X., Wu, Q., Li, W., Wang, C.X., Xie, G.B., Zhou, X.M., Shi, J.X., Zhou, M.L., 2014a. Astaxanthin offers neuroprotection and reduces neuroinflammation in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. 192, 206\u2013213.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2014.05.029"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X.S., Zhang, X., Zhou, M.L., Zhou, X.M., Li, N., Li, W., Cong, Z.X., Sun, Q., Zhuang, Z., Wang, C.X., Shi, J.X., 2014b. Amelioration of oxidative stress and protection against early brain injury by astaxanthin after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. 121, 42\u201354.","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.2.JNS13730"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000253500.32979.d1","article-title":"Neurovascular proteases in brain injury, hemorrhage and remodeling after stroke","volume":"38","author":"Zhao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stroke: J. Cereb. Circ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-13-47","article-title":"Hydrogen-rich saline alleviates early brain injury via reducing oxidative stress and brain edema following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits","volume":"13","author":"Zhuang","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2024.149390","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000}}],"container-title":["Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006899315005491?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006899315005491?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]],"date-time":"2019-08-28T12:33:04Z","timestamp":1566995584000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006899315005491"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S0006899315005491"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020","relation":{"erratum":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2024.149390","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0006-8993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-8993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Astaxanthin reduces matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression and activity in the brain after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.020","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}