{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T13:04:39Z","timestamp":1768741479232,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"(i) the Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["MOST-102-2314-B-038-025-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST-102-2314-B-038-025-MY3"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RO1NS094152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1NS094152"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,28]],"date-time":"2017-09-28T04:48:40Z","timestamp":1506574120000},"page":"118-128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"special_numbering":"C","title":["(\u2212)-Phenserine inhibits neuronal apoptosis following ischemia\/reperfusion injury"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1677","author":[{"given":"Cheng-Fu","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing-Huei","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John Chung-Che","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nigel H.","family":"Greig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yen-Hua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuo-Jhen","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yung-Hsiao","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai-Yun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0005","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), 2005. Guidance for industry, estimating the maximum safe starting dose in initial clinical trials for therapeutics in adult healthy volunteers. <https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/drugs\/guidances\/ucm078932.pdf> (accessed 06.30.2017.)."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(91)90020-T","article-title":"Selective induction of Kunitz-type protease inhibitor domain-containing amyloid precursor protein mRNA after persistent focal ischemia in rat cerebral cortex","volume":"125","author":"Abe","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0252","article-title":"Physical exercise as a preventive or disease-modifying treatment of dementia and brain aging","volume":"86","author":"Ahlskog","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.11.2.197","article-title":"A re-examination of physostigmine-induced cerebral protection in the hypoxic mouse. A critical assessment of the model","volume":"11","author":"Artru","year":"1980","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.111.005108","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"64","author":"Autry","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-011-2861-2","article-title":"Functions of the APP gene family in the nervous system: insights from mouse models","volume":"217","author":"Aydin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1995.80","article-title":"Glial expression of the beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) in global ischemia","volume":"15","author":"Banati","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205012666141218140953","article-title":"Amyloid-beta protein clearance and degradation (ABCD) pathways and their role in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"12","author":"Baranello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.480251107","article-title":"The Trk family of neurotrophin receptors","volume":"25","author":"Barbacid","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27881","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027881","article-title":"Astrocyte proliferation following stroke in the mouse depends on distance from the infarct","volume":"6","author":"Barreto","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2010.12.009","article-title":"Enhancing recovery after acute ischemic stroke with donepezil as an adjuvant therapy to standard medical care: results of a phase IIA clinical trial","volume":"20","author":"Barrett","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"issue":"11 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0060","first-page":"3751","article-title":"Multiple neurotransmitter synthesis by human neuroblastoma cell lines and clones","volume":"38","author":"Biedler","year":"1978","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1997.6730","article-title":"Transplantation of cryopreserved human embryonal carcinoma-derived neurons (NT2N cells) promotes functional recovery in ischemic rats","volume":"149","author":"Borlongan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.01.028","article-title":"Methanesulfonyl fluoride, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, attenuates simple learning and memory deficits in ischemic rats","volume":"1038","author":"Borlongan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024232513106","article-title":"Role of protein synthesis in the ischemic tolerance acquisition induced by transient forebrain ischemia in the rat","volume":"28","author":"Burda","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurochem Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(02)00092-8","article-title":"Bone morphogenetic proteins are involved in fetal kidney tissue transplantation-induced neuroprotection in stroke rats","volume":"43","author":"Chang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e99818","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099818","article-title":"(\u2212)-Phenserine attenuates soman-induced neuropathology","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3727\/000000005783983304","article-title":"CV, F.C. Zhou, B.J. Hoffer, Y. Wang. Transplantation of fetal kidney cells: neuroprotection and neuroregeneration","volume":"14","author":"Chiang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(02)02143-4","article-title":"Exercise: a behavioral intervention to enhance brain health and plasticity","volume":"25","author":"Cotman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"issue":"17\u201318","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0100","first-page":"762","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases as drug targets in ischemia\/reperfusion injury","volume":"16","author":"Dejonckheere","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.02.063","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of donepezil, a nicotinic acetylcholine-receptor activator, on cerebral infarction in rats","volume":"1043","author":"Fujiki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)01843-0","article-title":"Early appearance of activated matrix metalloproteinase-9 and blood-brain barrier disruption in mice after focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion","volume":"842","author":"Fujimura","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200112000-00003","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase inhibition prevents oxidative stress-associated blood-brain barrier disruption after transient focal cerebral ischemia","volume":"21","author":"Gasche","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.03.002","article-title":"Pharmacologic management of ischemic stroke: relevance to stem cell therapy","volume":"199","author":"Gilman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.670885","article-title":"Acute ischemic stroke treatment in 2007","volume":"116","author":"Goldstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2000.00311.x","article-title":"The experimental Alzheimer drug phenserine: preclinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics","volume":"176","author":"Greig","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand Suppl."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205054367829","article-title":"An overview of phenserine tartrate, a novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"2","author":"Greig","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.2174\/156720505774330564","article-title":"Anticholinesterase and pharmacokinetic profile of phenserine in healthy elderly human subjects","volume":"2","author":"Greig","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3545","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S118768","article-title":"Mimetics of brain-derived neurotrophic factor loops 1 and 4 are active in a model of ischemic stroke in rats","volume":"10","author":"Gudasheva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.118","article-title":"Stroke and Alzheimer disease: fellow travelers or partners in crime?","volume":"68","author":"Hachinski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b9000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-017-0377-1","article-title":"Repositioning drugs for traumatic brain injury - N-acetyl cysteine and Phenserine","volume":"24","author":"Hoffer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2010.11.002","article-title":"Cognitive enhancement by drugs in health and disease","volume":"15","author":"Husain","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21345","article-title":"Effect of phenserine treatment on brain functional activity and amyloid in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"63","author":"Kadir","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(00)00092-1","article-title":"Neurotrophin signal transduction in the nervous system","volume":"10","author":"Kaplan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr. Opin Neurobiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600-079X.2003.00115.x","article-title":"Melatonin reduces disseminate neuronal death after mild focal ischemia in mice via inhibition of caspase-3 and is suitable as an add-on treatment to tissue-plasminogen activator","volume":"36","author":"Kilic","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-4829fje","article-title":"The phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase\/Akt pathway mediates VEGF's neuroprotective activity and induces blood brain barrier permeability after focal cerebral ischemia","volume":"20","author":"Kilic","year":"2006","journal-title":"Faseb J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0185","first-page":"4","article-title":"Ischemic preconditioning mediates cyclooxygenase-2 expression via nuclear factor-Kappa B activation in mixed cortical neuronal cultures","volume":"1","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trans. Stroke Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2843","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000244782.76917.87","article-title":"The gene encoding transforming growth factor beta 1 confers risk of ischemic stroke and vascular dementia","volume":"37","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WCB.0000040942.89393.88","article-title":"Ischemic tolerance","volume":"22","author":"Kirino","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)90189-I","article-title":"'Ischemic tolerance' phenomenon found in the brain","volume":"528","author":"Kitagawa","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.16.7.1087","article-title":"Phenserine","volume":"16","author":"Klein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-011-2932-4","article-title":"Roles of amyloid precursor protein family members in neuroprotection, stress signaling and aging","volume":"217","author":"Kogel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.106.112102","article-title":"The experimental Alzheimer's disease drug posiphen [(+)-phenserine] lowers amyloid-beta peptide levels in cell culture and mice","volume":"320","author":"Lahiri","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.04.018","article-title":"Beyond the signaling effect role of amyloid-\u00df42 on the processing of APP, and its clinical implications","volume":"225","author":"Lahiri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3034","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.12.3034","article-title":"Metalloproteinase inhibition reduces thrombolytic (tissue plasminogen activator)-induced hemorrhage after thromboembolic stroke","volume":"31","author":"Lapchak","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15188","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.232473399","article-title":"Caspase activation and neuroprotection in caspase-3- deficient mice after in vivo cerebral ischemia and in vitro oxygen glucose deprivation","volume":"99","author":"Le","year":"2002","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e92577","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092577","article-title":"Cardiovascular events in patients with atherothrombotic disease: a population-based longitudinal study in Taiwan","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e58752","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058752","article-title":"Age-dependent neuroplasticity mechanisms in Alzheimer Tg2576 mice following modulation of brain amyloid-\u03b2 levels","volume":"8","author":"Lilja","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e54887","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054887","article-title":"Neurotrophic and neuroprotective actions of (\u2212)- and (+)-phenserine, candidate drugs for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"8","author":"Lilja","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12011","article-title":"Involvement of acetylcholine-\u03b17nAChR in the protective effects of arterial baroreflex against ischemic stroke","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-9081-8-15","article-title":"Acetylcholinesterase inhibition ameliorates deficits in motivational drive","volume":"8","author":"Martinowich","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Funct."},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12506","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705346104","article-title":"Modulation of human neural stem cell differentiation in Alzheimer (APP23) transgenic mice by phenserine","volume":"104","author":"Marutle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.191197","article-title":"Utilizing pharmacotherapy and mesenchymal stem cell therapy to reduce inflammation following traumatic brain injury","volume":"11","author":"Mashkouri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neural. Regen. Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.23.9.1230","article-title":"Some epidemiological aspects of stroke: mortality\/morbidity trends, age, sex, race, socioeconomic status","volume":"23","author":"Modan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.32.8.1759","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase expression after human cardioembolic stroke: temporal profile and relation to neurological impairment","volume":"32","author":"Montaner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2851","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000098648.54429.1C","article-title":"Safety profile of tissue plasminogen activator treatment among stroke patients carrying a common polymorphism (C-1562T) in the promoter region of the matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene","volume":"34","author":"Montaner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.07.002","article-title":"The science of stroke: mechanisms in search of treatments","volume":"67","author":"Moskowitz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.29","article-title":"T, Deller, and M. Korte. Not just amyloid: physiological functions of the amyloid precursor protein family","volume":"18","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3659","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-10-03659.1998","article-title":"Activation and cleavage of caspase-3 in apoptosis induced by experimental cerebral ischemia","volume":"18","author":"Namura","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s007010170109","article-title":"Expression and distribution of beta amyloid precursor protein and beta amyloid peptide in reactive astrocytes after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion","volume":"143","author":"Nihashi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir. (Wien)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0305","first-page":"195","article-title":"An open-label pilot study of the use of rivastigmine to promote functional recovery in patients with unilateral spatial neglect due to first ischemic stroke","volume":"25","author":"Paolucci","year":"2010","journal-title":"Funct. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2836","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.554824","article-title":"Plasma and brain matrix metalloproteinase-9 after acute focal cerebral ischemia in rats","volume":"40","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-012-8360-z","article-title":"Brain ischemia activates \u03b2- and \u03b3-secretase cleavage of amyloid precursor protein: significance in sporadic Alzheimer's disease","volume":"47","author":"Pluta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2009.10.008","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase-9 as a marker for acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Ramos-Fernandez","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4863079","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4863079","article-title":"Phase I and phase II therapies for acute ischemic stroke: an update on currently studied drugs in clinical research","volume":"2017","author":"Reis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V451104","article-title":"Regulation and properties of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1, 2, and 3","volume":"4","author":"Robbins","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.68.2.320-344.2004","article-title":"ERK and p38 MAPK-activated protein kinases: a family of protein kinases with diverse biological functions","volume":"68","author":"Roux","year":"2004","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13932","article-title":"Hypoxia\/ischemia activate processing of Amyloid precursor protein: impact of vascular dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"140","author":"Salminen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1385\/NMM:1:1:1","article-title":"Advances in the cellular and molecular biology of the beta-amyloid protein in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"1","author":"Sambamurti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuromolecular Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21604","article-title":"Dual roles of the MAPK\/ERK1\/2 cell signaling pathway after stroke","volume":"86","author":"Sawe","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.10.2.142","article-title":"Physostigmine-induced cerebral protection against hypoxia","volume":"10","author":"Scremin","year":"1979","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7605","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.131152998","article-title":"Phenserine regulates translation of beta -amyloid precursor protein mRNA by a putative interleukin-1 responsive element, a target for drug development","volume":"98","author":"Shaw","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)02113-7","article-title":"Hypoperfusion induces overexpression of beta-amyloid precursor protein mRNA in a focal ischemic rodent model","volume":"853","author":"Shi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-130419","article-title":"Chronic intermittent hypoxia\/reoxygenation facilitate amyloid-\u03b2 generation in mice","volume":"37","author":"Shiota","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(92)91274-I","article-title":"Amyloid precursor protein accumulates in regions of neurodegeneration following focal cerebral ischemia in the rat","volume":"593","author":"Stephenson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4391-06.2007","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene knock-out protects the immature brain after cerebral hypoxia-ischemia","volume":"27","author":"Svedin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.02.005","article-title":"Phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase\/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1\/2 may not always represent its kinase activity in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia with or without ischemic preconditioning","volume":"209","author":"Takahashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2016.00056","article-title":"Implications of MMP9 for blood brain barrier disruption and hemorrhagic transformation following ischemic stroke","volume":"10","author":"Turner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0156493","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156493","article-title":"Cognitive impairments induced by concussive mild traumatic brain injury in mouse are ameliorated by treatment with phenserine via multiple non-cholinergic and cholinergic mechanisms","volume":"11","author":"Tweedie","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-140144","article-title":"The effects of impaired cerebral circulation on Alzheimer's disease pathology: evidence from animal studies","volume":"42","author":"Villarreal","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.01236.x","article-title":"Altered processing of amyloid precursor protein in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y by chronic hypoxia","volume":"83","author":"Webster","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurochem"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-101311","article-title":"Phenserine efficacy in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"22","author":"Winblad","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0155","unstructured":"World Heart Federation, 2017. World Heart Federation: http:\/\/www.world-heart-federation.org\/cardiovascular-health\/stroke\/ (accessed 06.30.2017.)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-017-0149-0","article-title":"The SH-SY5Y cell line in Parkinson\u2019s disease research: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Xicoy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegen."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2598","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.106.480103","article-title":"Increased severity of hemorrhage in transgenic mice expressing cerebral protease nexin-2\/amyloid beta-protein precursor","volume":"38","author":"Xu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-015-1567-z","article-title":"Experimental animal models and inflammatory cellular changes in cerebral ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke","volume":"31","author":"Yan Chopp","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.04.024","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases as therapeutic targets for stroke","volume":"1623","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199611000-00016","article-title":"Cytotoxic fragment of amyloid precursor protein accumulates in hippocampus after global forebrain ischemia","volume":"16","author":"Yokota","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Cereb Blood Flow Metab."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7655","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-20-07655.1997","article-title":"Increased susceptibility to ischemic brain damage in transgenic mice overexpressing the amyloid precursor protein","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70061-4","article-title":"Neurorestorative therapies for stroke: underlying mechanisms and translation to the clinic","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.01756.x","article-title":"Bcl-2 overexpression protects against neuron loss within the ischemic margin following experimental stroke and inhibits cytochrome c translocation and caspase-3 activity","volume":"85","author":"Zhao","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2004.05.011","article-title":"Effect of cholinergic medication, before and after focal photothrombotic ischemic cortical injury, on histological and functional outcome in aged and young adult rats","volume":"156","author":"Zhao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."}],"container-title":["Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006899317304006?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006899317304006?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]],"date-time":"2022-08-03T16:09:44Z","timestamp":1659542984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006899317304006"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"references-count":92,"alternative-id":["S0006899317304006"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-8993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-8993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"(\u2212)-Phenserine inhibits neuronal apoptosis following ischemia\/reperfusion injury","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.09.015","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}