{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T13:42:16Z","timestamp":1789393336205,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]],"date-time":"2018-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535760000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,22]],"date-time":"2018-05-22T12:25:50Z","timestamp":1526991950000},"page":"53-64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The cerebral protective effect and mechanism of action of vitamin B6 adjuvant ceftriaxone in experimental pneumococcal meningitis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1695","author":[{"given":"Guixia","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinjie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"341\u201334","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0005","first-page":"6","article-title":"Role of human brain microvascular endothelial cells during central nervous system infection. Significance of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in antimicrobial defence and immunoregulation","volume":"94","author":"Adam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2010.04.004","article-title":"Correlation between behavioral deficits and decreased brain-derived neurotrophic [correction of neurotrofic] factor in neonatal meningitis","volume":"223","author":"Barichello","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barichello T., Generoso J.S., Milioli G., Elias S.G., Teixeira A.L., Pathophysiology of bacterial infection of the central nervous system and its putative role in the pathogenesis of behavioral changes. Rev Brasil Psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil: 1999) 2013;35:81\u20137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbp.2012.11.003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370214535896","article-title":"VitB6 prevents cognitive impairment in experimental pneumococcal meningitis","volume":"239","author":"Barichello","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp.Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0025","first-page":"100","article-title":"Prevention, treatment and outcomes of bacterial meningitis in childhood","volume":"17","author":"Bedford","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prof. Nurse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2006.07.014","article-title":"Pneumococcal meningitis causes accumulation of neurotoxic kynurenine metabolites in brain regions prone to injury","volume":"24","author":"Bellac","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3181f7e7e9","article-title":"Inhibition of the kynurenine-NAD + pathway leads to energy failure and exacerbates apoptosis in pneumococcal meningitis","volume":"69","author":"Bellac","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00012","article-title":"Kynurenines in CNS disease: regulation by inflammatory cytokines","volume":"8","author":"Campbell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00012","article-title":"Kynurenines in CNS disease: regulation by inflammatory cytokines","volume":"8","author":"Campbell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.107.127035","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase inhibition limits blood-brain barrier disruption following intracerebral injection of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the rat","volume":"323","author":"Candelario-Jalil","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbl033","article-title":"Elevations of endogenous kynurenic acid produce spatial working memory deficits","volume":"33","author":"Chess","year":"2007","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-013-1602-1","article-title":"Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2) and the kynurenine pathway: characteristics and potential roles in health and disease","volume":"45","author":"Fatokun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0065","first-page":"1","article-title":"L-Tryptophan-kynurenine pathway enzymes are therapeutic target for neuropsychiatric diseases: focus on cell type differences","author":"Fujigaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-007-0304-8","article-title":"An infant mouse model of brain damage in pneumococcal meningitis","volume":"114","author":"Grandgirard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(03)00464-7","article-title":"Inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity in IFN-gamma stimulated astroglioma cells decreases intracellular NAD levels","volume":"66","author":"Grant","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2012.08485.x","article-title":"Quinolinic acid, the inescapable neurotoxin","volume":"279","author":"Guillemin","year":"2012","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20090","article-title":"Expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and production of quinolinic acid by human microglia, astrocytes, and neurons","volume":"49","author":"Guillemin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12884","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4101-07.2007","article-title":"Characterization of the kynurenine pathway in human neurons","volume":"27","author":"Guillemin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1006\/nbdi.2000.0324","article-title":"Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 in the nervous system","volume":"7","author":"Ha","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2004.02611.x","article-title":"The role of pneumolysin in pneumococcal pneumonia and meningitis","volume":"138","author":"Hirst","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181907c1b","article-title":"Associations of depression with C-reactive protein, IL-1, and IL-6: a meta-analysis","volume":"71","author":"Howren","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2015.11.001","article-title":"Kynurenine-3-monooxygenase: a review of structure, mechanism, and inhibitors","volume":"21","author":"Jason","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.2.615-620.2000","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases contribute to brain damage in experimental pneumococcal meningitis","volume":"68","author":"Leib","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-014-0169-4","article-title":"The kynurenine pathway is involved in bacterial meningitis","volume":"11","author":"Leonam Coutinho","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52910-7.00031-3","article-title":"Infantile and childhood bacterial meningitis","volume":"112","author":"Lepage","year":"2013","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.4137\/IJTR.S11789","article-title":"Characterization of the kynurenine pathway and quinolinic acid production in macaque macrophages","volume":"6","author":"Lim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Tryptophan Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-008-0137-3","article-title":"Highlights at the gate of tryptophan catabolism: a review on themechanisms of activation and regulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a novel target in cancer disease","volume":"37","author":"Macchiarulo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0140","first-page":"4","article-title":"Kynurenine pathway and cognitive impairments in schizophrenia: pharmacogenetics of galantamine and memantine","volume":"4","author":"Koola","year":"2016","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res.: Cogn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-011-0681-y","article-title":"The kynurenine system and immunoregulation","volume":"119","author":"M\u00e1ndi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.7.13.8405808","article-title":"Astrocytes in infectious and immune-mediated diseases of the central nervous system","volume":"7","author":"Mucke","year":"1993","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3182909f2f","article-title":"How does the brain limit the severity of inflammation and tissue injury during bacterial meningitis?","volume":"72","author":"Neal","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1835799","article-title":"NMDA antagonist neurotoxicity: mechanism and prevention","volume":"254","author":"Olney","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3783","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00022-06","article-title":"Cell wall-mediated neuronal damage in early sepsis","volume":"74","author":"Orihuela","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2011.277","article-title":"Interleukin-1\u03b2: a new regulator of the kynurenine pathway affecting human hippocampal neurogenesis","volume":"37","author":"Patricia Zunszain1","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-199706000-00015","article-title":"Brain injury in bacterial meningitis: therapeutic implications","volume":"10","author":"Pfister","year":"1997","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646909","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/646909","article-title":"Kynurenines with neuroactive and redox properties: relevance to aging and brain diseases","volume":"2014","author":"Reyes Ocampo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh711","article-title":"Neuropsychological sequelae of bacterial and viral meningitis","volume":"129","author":"Schmidt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-17375","article-title":"Potential role of human brain microvascular endothelial cells in the pathogenesis of brain abscess: inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus by activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase","volume":"32","author":"Schroten","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2003.10.006","article-title":"The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation as a drug target","volume":"4","author":"Schwarcz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(00)00032-0","article-title":"Kynurenines in the CNS: from endogenous obscurity to therapeutic importance","volume":"64","author":"Stone","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2656","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2007.05540.x","article-title":"Kynurenic acid blocks nicotinic synaptic transmission to hippocampal interneurons in young rats","volume":"25","author":"Stone","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2003.129","article-title":"Tryptophan metabolites and brain disorders","volume":"41","author":"Stone","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(95)00026-S","article-title":"Response of kynurenine pathway enzymes to pregnancy and dietary level of vitB6","volume":"51","author":"van de Kamp","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3793","article-title":"Kynurenines in the CNS: recent advances and new questions","volume":"12","author":"Vecsei","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.116","article-title":"Morris water maze: procedures for assessing spatial and related forms of learning and memory","volume":"1","author":"Vorhees","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2008.00673.x","article-title":"Induction and termination of inflammatory signaling in group B streptococcal sepsis","volume":"225","author":"Wennekamp","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.01.106","article-title":"Dexamethasone regulation of matrix metalloproteinase expression in experimental pneumococcal meningitis","volume":"1207","author":"Xinjie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-393","article-title":"VitB6 reduces hippocampal apoptosis in experimental pneumococcal meningitis","volume":"13","author":"Zysset-Burri","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."}],"container-title":["Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006899318302889?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006899318302889?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,18]],"date-time":"2019-10-18T05:43:03Z","timestamp":1571377383000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006899318302889"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S0006899318302889"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-8993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-8993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The cerebral protective effect and mechanism of action of vitamin B6 adjuvant ceftriaxone in experimental pneumococcal meningitis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.05.031","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}