{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T15:54:23Z","timestamp":1778082863662,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008460","name":"National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 grant AT009347, USA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 grant AT009347, USA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008460","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,6]],"date-time":"2018-12-06T17:52:30Z","timestamp":1544118750000},"page":"69-77","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Acupuncture activates a direct pathway from the nucleus tractus solitarii to the rostral ventrolateral medulla"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1708","author":[{"given":"Zhi-Ling","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaista","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19960909)373:1<62::AID-CNE6>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"Monosynaptic projections from the nucleus tractus solitarii to C1 adrenergic neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla: comparison with input from the caudal ventrolateral medulla","volume":"373","author":"Aicher","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0010","series-title":"Central Regulation of Autonomic Functions","first-page":"23","article-title":"The nucleus of the solitary tract: processing information from viscerosensory afferents","author":"Anderson","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14967","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33402-1","article-title":"Attenuation of hypertension by C-fiber stimulation of the human median nerve and the concept-based novel device","volume":"8","author":"Bang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0020","series-title":"Central Regulation of Autonomic Functions","first-page":"3","article-title":"Central autonomic pathways","author":"Card","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-01-00371.1998","article-title":"Organization and transmitter specificity of medullary neurons activated by sustained hypertension: implications for understanding baroreceptor reflex circuitry","volume":"18","author":"Chan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0030","first-page":"H2127","article-title":"Naloxone reverses inhibitory effect of electroacupuncture on sympathetic cardiovascular reflex responses","volume":"276","author":"Chao","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1994.74.2.323","article-title":"Functional organization of central pathways regulating the cardiovascular system","volume":"74","author":"Dampney","year":"1994","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.3727\/036012911803634139","article-title":"The characteristics of acupuncture-like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (acupuncture-like TENS): a literature review","volume":"36","author":"Francis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acupunct. Electrother. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2011.04.034","article-title":"Acupuncture-like stimulation at auricular point heart evokes cardiovascular inhibition via activating the cardiac-related neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius","volume":"1397","author":"Gao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(02)00173-2","article-title":"Central pathways in the pons and midbrain involved in cardiac sympathoexcitatory reflexes in cats","volume":"113","author":"Guo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.08.102","article-title":"Activation of reciprocal pathways between arcuate nucleus and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray during electroacupuncture: involvement of VGLUT3","volume":"1360","author":"Guo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.09.059","article-title":"Electroacupuncture induces c-Fos expression in the rostral ventrolateral medulla and periaqueductal gray in cats: relation to opioid containing neurons","volume":"1030","author":"Guo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.07.020","article-title":"Responses of opioid and serotonin containing medullary raphe neurons to electroacupuncture","volume":"1229","author":"Guo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X99000197","article-title":"Effect of acupuncture at Nei-Kuan on left ventricular function in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"27","author":"Ho","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0075","series-title":"Acupuncture Manual for Small Animals. Experimental Acupuncture","first-page":"269","author":"Hua","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2007.08.001","article-title":"Anatomical evidence of regional specific effects of acupuncture on gastric motor function in rats","volume":"137","author":"Iwa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Auton. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)00171-6","article-title":"Synaptic contacts of substance P-immunoreactive axon terminals in the nucleus tractus solitarius onto neurons projecting to the caudal ventrolateral medulla oblongata in the rat","volume":"754","author":"Kawano","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.02.012","article-title":"Sensory afferent and hypoxia-mediated activation of nucleus tractus solitarius neurons that project to the rostral ventrolateral medulla","volume":"167","author":"Kline","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-004-0175-1","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the pressor response induced by exercise stress","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Auton. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.12.1186","article-title":"Reversal of reflex-induced myocardial ischemia by median nerve stimulation: a feline model of electroacupuncture","volume":"97","author":"Li","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0105","series-title":"Current Research in Acupuncture","first-page":"457","article-title":"Acupuncture's role in cardiovascular homeostasis","author":"Li","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1089\/acu.2015.1106","article-title":"Long-lasting reduction of blood pressure by electroacupuncture in patients with hypertension: randomized controlled trial","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Acupuncture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.91277.2008","article-title":"Long-loop pathways in cardiovascular electroacupuncture responses","volume":"106","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0120","first-page":"H2535","article-title":"Excitatory projections from arcuate nucleus to ventrolateral periaqueductal gray in electroacupuncture inhibition of cardiovascular reflexes","volume":"209","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-0618(02)00069-8","article-title":"Coexistence of NMDA and AMPA receptor subunits with nNOS in the nucleus tractus solitarii of rat","volume":"24","author":"Lin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Chem. Neuroanat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.05.068","article-title":"Expression of c-fos in the nucleus of the solitary tract following electroacupuncture at facial acupoints and gastric distension in rats","volume":"366","author":"Liu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0135","series-title":"Central Regulation of Autonomic Functions","author":"Loewy","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0140","series-title":"Acupuncture Regulation of Cardiovascular Function. Primer on the Autonomic Nervous System","first-page":"653","author":"Longhurst","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1089\/acu.2013.0960","article-title":"Acupuncture's cardiovascular actions: a mechanistic perspective","volume":"25","author":"Longhurst","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Acupuncture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0150","series-title":"Integrative Cardiology","first-page":"100","article-title":"Acupuncture in cardiovascular medicine","author":"Longhurst","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00477.2009","article-title":"Serotonergic projection from nucleus raphe pallidus to rostral ventrolateral medulla modulates cardiovascular reflex responses during acupuncture","volume":"108","author":"Moazzami","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0160","series-title":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","author":"Paxinos","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902420405","article-title":"Projections from the nucleus tractus solitarii to the rostral ventrolateral medulla","volume":"242","author":"Ross","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.26.1_supplement.702.2","article-title":"Central processing by electroacupuncture of cardiovascular reflex vasodepression","author":"Tjen-A-Looi","year":"2012","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0180","first-page":"H2843","article-title":"Interactions between sympathetic and vagal cardiac afferents in nucleus tractus solitarii","volume":"272","author":"Tjen-A-Looi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19672-9","article-title":"Modulation of neurally mediated vasodepression and bradycardia by electroacupuncture through opioids in nucleus tractus solitarius","volume":"8","author":"Tjen-A-Looi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0190","first-page":"R321","article-title":"Medullary GABAergic mechanisms contribute to electroacupuncture modulation of cardiovascular depressor responses during gastric distention in rats","volume":"304","author":"Tjen-A-Looi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00300.2014","article-title":"GABA in nucleus tractus solitarius participates in electroacupuncture modulation of cardiopulmonary bradycardia reflex","volume":"307","author":"Tjen-A-Looi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0200","first-page":"H2543","article-title":"Midbrain vIPAG inhibits rVLM cardiovascular sympathoexcitatory responses during acupuncture","volume":"290","author":"Tjen-A-Looi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0205","first-page":"R833","article-title":"Modulation of cardiopulmonary depressor reflex in nucleus ambiguus by electroacupuncture: roles of opioids and gamma aminobutyric acid","volume":"302","author":"Tjen-A-Looi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0210","first-page":"R852","article-title":"Medullary substrate and differential cardiovascular response during stimulation of specific acupoints","volume":"287","author":"Tjen-A-Looi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902900410","article-title":"Diverse afferents converge on the nucleus paragigantocellularis in the rat ventrolateral medulla: retrograde and anterograde tracing studies","volume":"290","author":"van Bockstaele","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2008.05.004","article-title":"Neural mechanism underlying acupuncture analgesia","volume":"85","author":"Zhao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01079.2004","article-title":"Afferent mechanisms underlying stimulation modality-related modulation of acupuncture-related cardiovascular responses","volume":"98","author":"Zhou","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01365.2004","article-title":"Brain stem mechanisms underlying acupuncture modality-related modulation of cardiovascular responses in rats","volume":"99","author":"Zhou","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009_b0235","first-page":"H1868","article-title":"Role of glutamate in rostral ventrolateral medulla in acupuncture-related modulation of visceral reflex sympathoexcitation","volume":"292","author":"Zhou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."}],"container-title":["Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000689931830619X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000689931830619X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]],"date-time":"2022-09-07T19:50:08Z","timestamp":1662580208000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S000689931830619X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S000689931830619X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-8993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-8993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Acupuncture activates a direct pathway from the nucleus tractus solitarii to the rostral ventrolateral medulla","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}