{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T08:22:17Z","timestamp":1778746937896,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,18]],"date-time":"2019-10-18T11:24:31Z","timestamp":1571397871000},"page":"146516","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Activation of adenosine receptors modulates the efflux transporters in brain capillaries and restores the anticonvulsant effect of carbamazepine in carbamazepine resistant rats developed by window-pentylenetetrazole kindling"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1726","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Zavala-Tecuapetla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Orozco-Suarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Manjarrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Cuellar-Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Vega-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Buzoianu-Anguiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(95)00557-9","article-title":"Effects of repeated administration of selective adenosine A1 and A2A receptor agonists on pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsions in the rat","volume":"294","author":"Adami","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2007.00540.x","article-title":"Systemic administration of adenosine ameliorates pentylenetetrazol-induced chemical kindling and secondary behavioural and biochemical changes in mice","volume":"21","author":"Akula","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2004.57703.x","article-title":"Expression and cellular distribution of multidrug resistance-related proteins in the hippocampus of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"45","author":"Aronica","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2006.07.038","article-title":"Differences in the transport of the antiepileptic drugs phenytoin, levetiracetam and carbamazepine by human and mouse P-glycoprotein","volume":"52","author":"Baltes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.02.008","article-title":"Glutamate is critically involved in seizure-induced overexpression of P-glycoprotein in the brain","volume":"54","author":"Bankstahl","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1007\/s11302-016-9535-2","article-title":"Adenosine A2A receptor and ecto-5'-nucleotidase\/CD73 are upregulated in hippocampal astrocytes of human patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE)","volume":"12","author":"Barros-Barbosa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Purinergic Signal."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.107.041210","article-title":"Seizure-induced up-regulation of P-glycoprotein at the blood-brain barrier through glutamate and cyclooxygenase-2 signaling","volume":"73","author":"Bauer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)02441-0","article-title":"Evidence for increased dorsal hippocampal adenosine release and metabolism during pharmacologically induced seizures in rats","volume":"872","author":"Berman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.00980.x","article-title":"Resistance to phenobarbital extends to phenytoin in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"48","author":"Bethmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(02)00009-3","article-title":"2-Chloroadenosine, a preferential agonist of adenosine A1 receptors, enhances the anticonvulsant activity of carbamazepine and clonazepam in mice","volume":"12","author":"Borowicz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2003.12.003","article-title":"Influence of the combined treatment of LY 300164 (an AMPA\/kainate receptor antagonist) with adenosine receptor agonists on the electroconvulsive threshold in mice","volume":"14","author":"Borowicz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bynoe, M.S., Viret, C., Yan, A., Kim, D.G., 2015. Adenosine receptor signaling: a key to opening the blood-brain door. Fluids Barriers CNS. Sep 2, 12, 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-015-0017-7"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0385-18.2018","article-title":"Neuronal adenosine A2A receptors are critical mediators of neurodegeneration triggered by convulsions","volume":"5","author":"Canas","year":"2018","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"issue":"37","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13272","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3337-11.2011","article-title":"Adenosine receptor signaling modulates permeability of the blood-brain barrier","volume":"31","author":"Carman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2012.183","article-title":"Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 decreases the concentrations of antiepileptic drugs in cortical extracellular fluid in amygdale kindling rats","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3296","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-03-2033","article-title":"Expression, up-regulation, and transport activity of the multidrug-resistance protein Abcg2 at the mouse blood-brain barrier","volume":"64","author":"Cisternino","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.105.085514","article-title":"Quantitative in vivo microdialysis study on the influence of multidrug transporters on the blood\u2013brain barrier passage of oxcarbazepine: concomitant use of hippocampal monoamines as pharmacodynamic markers for the anticonvulsant activity","volume":"314","author":"Clinckers","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1990.tb03127.x","article-title":"Decrease in the function of the gamma-aminobutyric acid-coupled chloride channel produced by the repeated administration of pentylenetetrazol to rats","volume":"55","author":"Corda","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(91)90562-G","article-title":"Pentylenetetrazol-induced kindling in rats: effect of GABA function inhibitors","volume":"40","author":"Corda","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13724","article-title":"How does adenosine control neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration?","volume":"139","author":"Cunha","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2013.03.016","article-title":"Comparison between standard protocol and a novel window protocol for induction of pentylenetetrazol kindled seizures in the rat","volume":"106","author":"Davoudi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2001.12301.x","article-title":"Overexpression of multiple drug resistance genes in endothelial cells from patients with refractory epilepsy","volume":"42","author":"Dombrowski","year":"2001","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410320504","article-title":"Adenosine: a potential mediator of seizure arrest and postictal refractoriness","volume":"32","author":"During","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(00)00954-X","article-title":"Reduction of A1 adenosine receptors in rat hippocampus after kainic acid-induced limbic seizures","volume":"284","author":"Ekonomou","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-009-0426-8","article-title":"Adenosine A2A receptor deficient mice are partially resistant to limbic seizures","volume":"380","author":"El Yacoubi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1177\/107385840100700410","article-title":"Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: what have we learned?","volume":"7","author":"Engel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2016.10.012","article-title":"New model of pharmacoresistant seizures induced by 3-mercaptopropionic acid in mice","volume":"129","author":"Enrique","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.02.133","article-title":"Adenosine A1 receptors are crucial in keeping an epileptic focus localized","volume":"200","author":"Fedele","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0145","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration U.S., 2013. FDA warns of rare but serious risk of heart attack and death with cardiac nuclear stress test drugs Lexiscan (regadenoson) and Adenoscan (adenosine). Nov 20."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(05)63007-3","article-title":"Adenosine and brain function","volume":"63","author":"Fredholm","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.110.003285","article-title":"International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXI. Nomenclature and classification of adenosine receptors-an update","volume":"63","author":"Fredholm","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2010.11.012","article-title":"Activation of central adenosine A2A receptors lowers the seizure threshold of hyperthermia-induced seizure in childhood rats","volume":"20","author":"Fukuda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2013.08.020","article-title":"VE-cadherin and endothelial adherens junctions: active guardians of vascular integrity","volume":"26","author":"Giannotta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(83)90118-2","article-title":"The kindling model of epilepsy","volume":"6","author":"Goddard","year":"1983","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(69)90128-9","article-title":"A permanent change in brain function resulting from daily electrical stimulation","volume":"25","author":"Goddard","year":"1969","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2003.03603.x","article-title":"Seizure suppression by adenosine A1 receptor activation in a mouse model of pharmacoresistant epilepsy","volume":"44","author":"Gouder","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03337.x","article-title":"Enhanced actions of adenosine in medial entorhinal cortex layer II stellate neurons in temporal lobe epilepsy are mediated via A(1)-receptor activation","volume":"53","author":"Hargus","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00939.x","article-title":"Upregulation of brain expression of P-glycoprotein in MRP2-deficient TR(\u2013) rats resembles seizure-induced up-regulation of this drug efflux transporter in normal rats","volume":"48","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2009.00634.x","article-title":"Combined effects of epileptic seizure and phenobarbital induced overexpression of P-glycoprotein in brain of chemically kindled rats","volume":"159","author":"Jing","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-014-8879-2","article-title":"A2A adenosine receptor regulates the human blood-brain barrier permeability","volume":"52","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI76207","article-title":"A2A adenosine receptor modulates drug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein at the blood-brain barrier","volume":"126","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13360","article-title":"Adenosine A1 receptor-mediated suppression of carbamazepine-resistant seizure-like events in human neocortical slices","volume":"57","author":"Klaft","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.045690","article-title":"The natural history of epilepsy: an epidemiological view","volume":"75","author":"Kwan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2005.31904.x","article-title":"Potential role of drug transporters in the pathogenesis of medically intractable epilepsy","volume":"46","author":"Kwan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbrainres.2004.03.004","article-title":"Roles of adenosine receptors in the regulation of kainic acid-induced neurotoxic responses in mice","volume":"125","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-012-0046-2","article-title":"Effect of adenosine A2A receptor antagonist ZM241385 on amygdala-kindled seizures and progression of amygdala kindling","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Huazhong Univ. Sci. Technol. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2007.07.012","article-title":"Increased P-glycoprotein expression and decreased phenobarbital distribution in the brain of pentylenetetrazole-kindled rats","volume":"53","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"Pt 10","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3115","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws147","article-title":"Neuropathology of the blood-brain barrier and pharmaco-resistance in human epilepsy","volume":"135","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200216100-00003","article-title":"Basic pharmacology of valproate: a review after 35 years of clinical use for the treatment of epilepsy","volume":"16","author":"L\u00f6scher","year":"2002","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2011.01.003","article-title":"Critical review of current animal models of seizures and epilepsy used in the discovery and development of new antiepileptic drugs","volume":"20","author":"L\u00f6scher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"Suppl. 8","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12025","article-title":"How theories evolved concerning the mechanism of action of barbiturates","volume":"53","author":"Loscher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)20238-5","article-title":"Kindling as a model of drug-resistant partial epilepsy: selection of phenytoin-resistant and nonresistant rats","volume":"258","author":"L\u00f6scher","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-1211(93)90058-F","article-title":"Pharmacological characterization of phenytoin-resistant amygdala-kindled rats, a new model of drug-resistant partial epilepsy","volume":"15","author":"L\u00f6scher","year":"1993","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.114.218180","article-title":"Glutamate mediated upregulation of the multidrug resistance protein 2 in porcine and human brain capillaries","volume":"352","author":"Luna-Munguia","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.08.032","article-title":"Several major antiepileptic drugs are substrates for human P-glycoprotein","volume":"55","author":"Luna-Tortos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2010.01.007","article-title":"Evaluation of transport of common antiepileptic drugs by human multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRP1, 2 and 5) that are overexpressed in pharmacoresistant epilepsy","volume":"58","author":"Luna-Tortos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0285","first-page":"787","article-title":"2-Chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine enhances the anticonvulsant action of carbamazepine in the mouse maximal electroshock-induced seizure model","volume":"57","author":"Luszczki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.17.030194.003033","article-title":"GABAA receptor channels","volume":"17","author":"Macdonald","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0700869","article-title":"Effect of adenosine receptor modulation on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in rats","volume":"120","author":"Malhotra","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1358\/mf.1999.21.2.529233","article-title":"Effect of adenosinergic modulation on the anticonvulsant effect of phenobarbitone and carbamazepine","volume":"21","author":"Malhotra","year":"1999","journal-title":"Methods Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/1382-6689(96)00020-8","article-title":"Adenosinergic mechanisms in anticonvulsant action of diazepam and sodium valproate","volume":"1","author":"Malhotra","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2012.02.012","article-title":"Endogenous adenosine induces NMDA receptor-independent persistent epileptiform discharges in dorsal and ventral hippocampus via activation of A2 receptors","volume":"100","author":"Moschovos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2008.12.002","article-title":"A new blood-brain barrier model using primary rat brain endothelial cells, pericytes and astrocytes","volume":"54","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3535","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199911260-00014","article-title":"Immunohistochemical analysis on the role of adenosine A1 receptors in epilepsy","volume":"10","author":"Ochiishi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.2001.01359.x","article-title":"Carbamazepine is not a substrate for P-glycoprotein","volume":"51","author":"Owen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.09001SC","article-title":"Cadmium stimulates the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and JNK activation in cerebrovascular endothelial cells","volume":"110","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2004.452001.x","article-title":"Neurobiology of seizures and behavioral abnormalities","volume":"45","author":"Post","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3557","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200111160-00037","article-title":"P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein are involved in the regulation of extracellular levels of the major antiepileptic drug carbamazepine in the brain","volume":"12","author":"Potschka","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(72)90177-0","article-title":"Modification of seizure activity by electrical stimulation. II. Motor seizure","volume":"32","author":"Racine","year":"1972","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00504.x","article-title":"Comparison of brain extracellular fluid, brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid and serum concentrations of antiepileptic drugs measured intraoperatively in patients with intractable epilepsy","volume":"47","author":"Rambeck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02815.x","article-title":"Decrease of adenosine A1 receptor density and of adenosine neuromodulation in the hippocampus of kindled rats","volume":"18","author":"Rebola","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"Suppl. 5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2005.01026.x","article-title":"Long-term effect of convulsive behavior on the density of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors in the rat cerebral cortex","volume":"46","author":"Rebola","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5833","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-14-05833.2002","article-title":"Limbic seizures induce P-glycoprotein in rodent brain: functional implications for pharmacoresistance","volume":"22","author":"Rizzi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(25)00046-8","article-title":"Antiepileptic drugs: pharmacological mechanisms and clinical efficacy with consideration of promising developmental stage compounds","volume":"42","author":"Rogawski","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.22392","article-title":"Synaptic mechanisms of adenosine A2A receptor-mediated hyperexcitability in the hippocampus","volume":"25","author":"Rombo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2011.07.004","article-title":"Differential neuroprotection by A1 receptor activation and A2A receptor inhibition following pilocarpine induced status epilepticus","volume":"22","author":"Rosim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706043","article-title":"Role of central and peripheral adenosine receptors in the cardiovascular responses to intraperitoneal injections of adenosine A1 and A2A subtype receptor agonists","volume":"144","author":"Schindler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.09.024","article-title":"Purinergic P2X, P2Y and adenosine receptors differentially modulate hippocampal gamma oscillations","volume":"62","author":"Schulz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"9249","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03573-X","article-title":"Multidrug-resistance protein 1 in focal cortical dysplasia","volume":"357","author":"Sisodiya","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf002","article-title":"Drug resistance in epilepsy: expression of drug resistance proteins in common causes of refractory epilepsy","volume":"125","author":"Sisodiya","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2012.10.003","article-title":"Carbamazepine, but not valproate, displays pharmacoresistance in lamotrigine-resistant amygdala kindled rats","volume":"104","author":"Srivastava","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12234","article-title":"Rapid loss of efficacy to the antiseizure drugs lamotrigine and carbamazepine: a novel experimental model of pharmacoresistant epilepsy","volume":"54","author":"Srivastava","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(93)90497-Q","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of adenosine and its analogs in anaesthetized rats","volume":"53","author":"Stella","year":"1993","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.3109\/00207454.2015.1015724","article-title":"Neural overexpression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 and refractory epilepsy: a meta-analysis of nine studies","volume":"126","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1995.tb01657.x","article-title":"MDR1 gene expression in brain of patients with medically intractable epilepsy","volume":"36","author":"Tishler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-2862(89)90034-4","article-title":"Isolation, characterization, and long-term cultivation of porcine and murine cerebral capillary endothelial cells","volume":"37","author":"Tontsch","year":"1989","journal-title":"Microvasc. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2005.00250.x","article-title":"Expression of multidrug transporters MRP1, MRP2, and BCRP shortly after status epilepticus, during the latent period, and in chronic epileptic rats","volume":"46","author":"van Vliet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh437","article-title":"Multidrug resistance in epilepsy: rats with drug-resistant seizures exhibit enhanced brain expression of P-glycoprotein compared with rats with drug-responsive seizures","volume":"128","author":"Volk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2003.12.009","article-title":"Increased expression of the multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein in limbic brain regions after amygdala-kindled seizures in rats","volume":"58","author":"Volk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-015-1617-y","article-title":"Involvement of p38 MAPK in the Drug Resistance of Refractory Epilepsy through the regulation multidrug resistance-associated protein 1","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1081\/CLT-120015836","article-title":"Carbamazepine poisoning: elimination kinetics and quantitative relationship with carbamazepine 10, 11-epoxide","volume":"40","author":"Winnicka","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.20497","article-title":"Adenosine as an endogenous regulating factor of hippocampal sharp waves","volume":"19","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.10.006","article-title":"Overexpression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 in the brain of pentylenetetrazole-kindled rats","volume":"227","author":"Yao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(90)90588-Z","article-title":"Anticonvulsant effect of N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine against kainic acid-induced behavioral seizures in the rat prepiriform cortex","volume":"114","author":"Zhang","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03140.x","article-title":"In vitro transport profile of carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, eslicarbazepine acetate, and their active metabolites by human P-glycoprotein","volume":"52","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2011.12.003","article-title":"The transport of antiepileptic drugs by P-glycoprotein","volume":"64","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516_b0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.01.009","article-title":"Prevention of seizure-induced up-regulation of endothelial P-glycoprotein by COX-2 inhibition","volume":"56","author":"Zibell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"}],"container-title":["Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006899319305700?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006899319305700?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T18:08:07Z","timestamp":1757786887000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006899319305700"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":97,"alternative-id":["S0006899319305700"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-8993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-8993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Activation of adenosine receptors modulates the efflux transporters in brain capillaries and restores the anticonvulsant effect of carbamazepine in carbamazepine resistant rats developed by window-pentylenetetrazole kindling","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146516","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"146516"}}