{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:11:14Z","timestamp":1790856674384,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]],"date-time":"2020-01-10T12:09:35Z","timestamp":1578658175000},"page":"146642","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Anti-inflammatory effects of usnic acid in an MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1730","author":[{"given":"Seulah","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sugyeong","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hae Young","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hangun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Seoun","family":"Hur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3203-2130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaewon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146642_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2011.11.021","article-title":"Theaflavin, a black tea polyphenol, protects nigral dopaminergic neurons against chronic MPTP\/probenecid induced Parkinson's disease","volume":"1433","author":"Anandhan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146642_b0010","first-page":"13","article-title":"CD4+ T cells mediate cytotoxicity in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"119","author":"Appel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146642_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)00901-2","article-title":"Behavioral pathology induced by repeated systemic injections of 3-nitropropionic acid mimics the motoric symptoms of Huntington's disease","volume":"697","author":"Borlongan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146642_b0020","first-page":"182","article-title":"Infiltration of CD4+ lymphocytes into the brain contributes to neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Parkinson disease","volume":"119","author":"Brochard","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146642_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2009.03.003","article-title":"Biologically active components of a Papua New Guinea analgesic and anti-inflammatory lichen preparation","volume":"80","author":"Bugni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146642_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.8.1059","article-title":"Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of Parkinson disease","volume":"60","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146642_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(93)90175-F","article-title":"Glutathione peroxidase, glial cells and Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"52","author":"Damier","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146642_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2017.04.030","article-title":"Protective effects of lichen metabolites evernic and usnic acids against redox impairment-mediated cytotoxicity in central nervous system-like cells","volume":"105","author":"Fernandez-Moriano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146642_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7687","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0143-07.2008","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and oxidation\/nitration of alpha-synuclein linked to dopaminergic neurodegeneration","volume":"28","author":"Gao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146642_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4784268","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4784268","article-title":"Linking neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"2018","author":"Gelders","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146642_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.908568","article-title":"Usnic acid induces cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy in gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo","volume":"24","author":"Geng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146642_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.02.016","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying inflammation in neurodegeneration","volume":"140","author":"Glass","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146642_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hawksworth, D.L., Honegger, R., 1994. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 77\u201398.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198577690.003.0005"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146642_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70062-6","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease: a target for neuroprotection?","volume":"8","author":"Hirsch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146642_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.5897\/JMPR10.873","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of usnic acid, a compound firstly isolated from lichen Parmelia saxatilis","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Med. Plants Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146642_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5769(02)00078-4","article-title":"Indomethacin protects against neurodegeneration caused by MPTP intoxication in mice","volume":"2","author":"Kurkowska-Jastrzebska","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146642_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.14188","article-title":"Antiproliferative and antibiofilm potentials of endolichenic fungi associated with the lichen Nephroma laevigatum","volume":"126","author":"Lagarde","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146642_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23307","article-title":"Baicalein attenuates astroglial activation in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson's disease model by downregulating the activations of nuclear factor-kappaB, ERK, and JNK","volume":"92","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146642_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.09.029","article-title":"Silibinin suppresses astroglial activation in a mouse model of acute Parkinson's disease by modulating the ERK and JNK signaling pathways","volume":"1627","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146642_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1590\/S1984-82502011000400024","article-title":"Antiinflammatory and toxicity studies of atranorin extracted from Cladina kalbii Ahti in rodents","volume":"47","author":"Melo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Braz. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146642_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2009.03.008","article-title":"Baicalein exerts neuroprotective effects in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced experimental parkinsonism in vivo and in vitro","volume":"92","author":"Mu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146642_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(01)00967-5","article-title":"NF-kappaB activation and IkappaB alpha dynamism involved in iNOS and chemokine induction in astroglial cells","volume":"68","author":"Nomura","year":"2001","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146642_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.06.043","article-title":"Gastroprotective and antioxidant effects of usnic acid on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats","volume":"103","author":"Odabasoglu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146642_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2016.08.010","article-title":"Lichen-derived compounds show potential for central nervous system therapeutics","volume":"23","author":"Reddy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146642_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36916","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M301598200","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced IKK phosphorylation of NF-kappaB p65 on serine 536 is mediated through the TRAF2, TRAF5, and TAK1 signaling pathway","volume":"278","author":"Sakurai","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146642_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34538","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M504943200","article-title":"Phosphorylation of RelA\/p65 on serine 536 defines an I{kappa}B{alpha}-independent NF-{kappa}B pathway","volume":"280","author":"Sasaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146642_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-012-9270-4","article-title":"Usnic acid inhibits breast tumor angiogenesis and growth by suppressing VEGFR2-mediated AKT and ERK1\/2 signaling pathways","volume":"15","author":"Song","year":"2012","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146642_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557517666170425105727","article-title":"Atranorin \u2013 an interesting lichen secondary metabolite","volume":"17","author":"Studzinska-Sroka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mini Rev. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146642_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2014.06.043","article-title":"Usnic acid protects LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice through attenuating inflammatory responses and oxidative stress","volume":"22","author":"Su","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146642_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-009-0367-z","article-title":"Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Peltigera rufescens lichen species in acute and chronic inflammation models","volume":"64","author":"Tanas","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Nat. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146642_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-004-0944-0","article-title":"Cellular pathology of Parkinson\u2019s disease: astrocytes, microglia and inflammation","volume":"318","author":"Teismann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146642_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.08.003","article-title":"The effects of MPTP on the activation of microglia\/astrocytes and cytokine\/chemokine levels in different mice strains","volume":"204","author":"Yasuda","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."}],"container-title":["Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006899319306961?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006899319306961?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T18:06:43Z","timestamp":1757786803000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006899319306961"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["S0006899319306961"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146642","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-8993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-8993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Anti-inflammatory effects of usnic acid in an MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146642","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"146642"}}