{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T16:23:55Z","timestamp":1790353435683,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\/09469-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/09469-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000156","name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec - Sant\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOP 102715"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP 102715"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOP 133686"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP 133686"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["407490\/2018-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["407490\/2018-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FRQ-S 268346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRQ-S 268346"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BEPE-FAPESP 2016\/21730-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BEPE-FAPESP 2016\/21730-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T11:36:25Z","timestamp":1610105785000},"page":"147276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Impact of ovariectomy and CO2 inhalation on microglia morphology in select brainstem and hypothalamic areas regulating breathing in female rats"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1756","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4144-2166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danuzia A.","family":"Marques","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciane H.","family":"Gargaglioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Bretzner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K\u00eania C.","family":"B\u00edcego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7018-3047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Fournier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9686-2577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Kinkead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0005","article-title":"Immunohistochemistry and Multiple Labeling with Antibodies from the Same Host Species to Study Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis","volume":"1\u201313","author":"Ansorg","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2008.10.004","article-title":"Sexually dimorphic gray matter volume reduction in patients with panic disorder","volume":"173","author":"Asami","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res.: Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1113\/EP087088","article-title":"The influence of sex and neonatal stress on medullary microglia in rat pups","volume":"103","author":"Baldy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp .Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2015.17.3\/mbattaglia","article-title":"Separation anxiety: at the neurobiological crossroads of adaptation and illness","volume":"17","author":"Battaglia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.02.013","article-title":"Glia: The many ways to modulate synaptic plasticity","volume":"57","author":"Ben Achour","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)02304-5","article-title":"Brainstem and hypothalamic areas involved in respiratory chemoreflexes: a Fos study in adult rats","volume":"857","author":"Berquin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-007-0338-8","article-title":"Locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons and CO2 drive to breathing","volume":"455","author":"Biancardi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch. \u2013 Eur. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2005.10.006","article-title":"Microglia activated by IL-4 or IFN-gamma differentially induce neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis from adult stem\/progenitor cells","volume":"31","author":"Butovsky","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2008.11.009","article-title":"Maturational changes in pontine and medullary alpha-adrenoceptor influences on respiratory rhythm generation in neonatal rats","volume":"165","author":"Corcoran","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23242","article-title":"Microglia express distinct M1 and M2 phenotypic markers in the postnatal and adult central nervous system in male and female mice","volume":"91","author":"Crain","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-6-24","article-title":"Expression of P2 nucleotide receptors varies with age and sex in murine brain microglia","volume":"6","author":"Crain","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4439","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000701","article-title":"NF-\u03baB Links CO 2 Sensing to Innate Immunity and Inflammation in Mammalian Cells","volume":"185","author":"Cummins","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902920413","article-title":"Organization of adrenergic inputs to the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus in the rat","volume":"292","author":"Cunningham","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12456","article-title":"Microglia show altered morphology and reduced arborization in human brain during aging and Alzheimer's disease: Microglial changes in ageing and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"27","author":"Davies","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_bib332","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01747-8","article-title":"Characterizing microglia activation: A spatial statistics approach to maximize information extraction","volume":"7","author":"Davis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2017.06.008","article-title":"Participation of locus coeruleus in breathing control in female rats","volume":"245","author":"de Carvalho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2010.07.002","article-title":"The caudal solitary complex is a site of central CO2 chemoreception and integration of multiple systems that regulate expired CO2","volume":"173","author":"Dean","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R659","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00418.2014","article-title":"Neonatal stress affects the aging trajectory of female rats on the endocrine, temperature, and ventilatory responses to hypoxia","volume":"308","author":"Fournier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2015.05.003","article-title":"Alternatively activated microglia and macrophages in the central nervous system","volume":"131","author":"Franco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(87)90001-1","article-title":"CO2 vulnerability in panic disorder","volume":"20","author":"Griez","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2019.09.002","article-title":"The retrotrapezoid nucleus: central chemoreceptor and regulator of breathing automaticity","author":"Guyenet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2014.02.018","article-title":"Regulation of brain microglia by female gonadal steroids","volume":"146","author":"Habib","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2013.06.003","article-title":"Sex steroid hormone-mediated functional regulation of microglia-like BV-2 cells during hypoxia","volume":"138","author":"Habib","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2013.04.013","article-title":"Microglia during development and aging","volume":"139","author":"Harry","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.11.006","article-title":"Age related changes in microglial phenotype vary between CNS regions: Grey versus white matter differences","volume":"26","author":"Hart","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01270.2009","article-title":"The role of medullary serotonin (5-HT) neurons in respiratory control: contributions to eupneic ventilation, CO 2 chemoreception, and thermoregulation","volume":"108","author":"Hodges","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.4137\/JEN.S11269","article-title":"Contributions of microglia to structural synaptic plasticity","volume":"7","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Exp. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R721","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00540.2014","article-title":"Catecholaminergic neurons projecting to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus are essential for cardiorespiratory adjustments to hypoxia","volume":"309","author":"King","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Compar. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2009.04.004","article-title":"Impact of sex steroids on neuroinflammatory processes and experimental multiple sclerosis","volume":"30","author":"Kipp","year":"2009","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11055-016-0231-z","article-title":"Brain microglia and microglial markers","author":"Korzhevskii","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci. Behav. Physi."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kozlowski, C., Weimer, R.M., 2012. An automated method to quantify microglia morphology and application to monitor activation state longitudinally in vivo. PLoS One 7, e31814. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0031814.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031814"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(90)90229-W","article-title":"Heterogeneity in the distribution and morphology of microglia in the normal adult mouse brain","volume":"39","author":"Lawson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22951","article-title":"Microglia modulate respiratory rhythm generation and autoresuscitation","volume":"64","author":"Lorea-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/2047-9158-1-9","article-title":"The changing phenotype of microglia from homeostasis to disease","volume":"1","author":"Luo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MacFarlane, P.M., Mayer, C.A., Litvin, D.G., 2016. Microglia modulate brainstem serotonergic expression following neonatal sustained hypoxia exposure: implications for sudden infant death syndrome. J. Physiol. 594, 3079\u20133094. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/JP271845.","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271845"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Machado-Pereira, M., Santos, T., Ferreira, L., Bernardino, L., Ferreira, R., 2017. Anti-Inflammatory Strategy for M2 Microglial Polarization Using Retinoic Acid-Loaded Nanoparticles. Mediators Inflamm. 2017, 6742427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/6742427.","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6742427"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marques, D.A., de Carvalho, D., da Silva, G.S.F., Szawka, R.E., Anselmo-Franci, J.A., B\u00edcego, K.C., Gargaglioni, L.H., 2015. Ventilatory, metabolic, and thermal responses to hypercapnia in female rats: effects of estrous cycle, ovariectomy, and hormonal replacement. J. Appl. Physiol. 119, 61\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00254.2015.","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00254.2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-017-2022-y","article-title":"Influence of estrous cycle hormonal fluctuations and gonadal hormones on the ventilatory response to hypoxia in female rats","volume":"469","author":"Marques","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch. Eur. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2017.04.005","article-title":"Should We Stop Saying \u2018Glia\u2019 and \u2018Neuroinflammation\u2019?","volume":"23","author":"Masgrau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1204-1288","article-title":"Back to the future: carbon dioxide chemoreceptors in the mammalian brain","volume":"7","author":"Mitchell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2015.06.010","article-title":"Diversity and plasticity of microglial cells in psychiatric and neurological disorders","volume":"154","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nattie, E., Li, A., 2012. Central chemoreceptors: Locations and functions. In: Comprehensive Physiology. pp. 221\u2013254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.c100083.","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c100083"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nissen, J.C., 2017. Microglial function across the spectrum of age and gender. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms18030561.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18030561"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paxinos, G, Watson, C., 1998. The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates, 3rd ed. Academic Press, Ltd., San Diego. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0143-4179(83)90049-5.","DOI":"10.1016\/0143-4179(83)90049-5"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_bib331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.22503","article-title":"Glial alterations from early to late stages in a model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Evidence of autophagy involvement in A\u03b2 internalization","volume":"26","author":"Pomilio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1409","article-title":"Serotonergic neurons as carbon dioxide sensors that maintain ph homeostasis","volume":"5","author":"Richerson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(88)90086-1","article-title":"Panic induction via inhalation of 5.5% CO2 enriched air: a single subject analysis of psychological and physiological effects","volume":"26","author":"Sanderson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90584-O","article-title":"Five percent carbon dioxide challenge: Valid analogue and marker of panic disorder?","volume":"27","author":"Sanderson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(82)90010-8","article-title":"The organization of noradrenergic pathways from the brainstem to the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei in the rat","volume":"257","author":"Sawchenko","year":"1982","journal-title":"Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schenberg, L.C., 2016. A neural systems approach to the study of the respiratory-type panic disorder. In: Panic Disorder. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 9\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-12538-1_2.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-12538-1_2"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2006.11.006","article-title":"Reactivity to challenge with carbon dioxide as a prospective predictor of panic attacks","volume":"151","author":"Schmidt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20644","article-title":"Steroid hormone receptor expression and function in microglia","volume":"56","author":"Sierra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva, T.M., Chaar, L.J., Silva, R.C., Takakura, A.C., C\u00e2mara, N.O., Antunes, V.R., Moreira, T.S., 2018. Minocycline alters expression of inflammatory markers in autonomic brain areas and ventilatory responses induced by acute hypoxia. Exp. Physiol. 103, 884\u2013895. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/EP086780.","DOI":"10.1113\/EP086780"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sohrabji, F., Williams, M., 2013. Stroke neuroprotection: oestrogen and insulin-like growth factor-1 interactions and the role of microglia. J. Neuroendocrinol. 25, 1173\u20131181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jne.12059.","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12059"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.22572","article-title":"Cerebellar microglia are dynamically unique and survey purkinje neurons in vivo","volume":"78","author":"Stowell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taylor, S.E., Morganti-kossmann, C., Lifshitz, J., Ziebell, J.M., 2014. Rod microglia: a morphological definition. PLoS One 9, e97096. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0097096.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0097096"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tenorio-Lopes, Luana, Baldy, C., Jochmans-Lemoine, A., Mercier, O., Pothier-Piccinin, O., Seaborn, T., Joseph, V., Marc, I., Kinkead, R., 2017. Consequences of maternal omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on respiratory function in rat pups. J. Physiol. 595, 1637\u20131655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/JP273471.","DOI":"10.1113\/JP273471"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-01076-x","article-title":"Disruption of estradiol regulation of orexin neurons: a novel mechanism in excessive ventilatory response to CO2 inhalation in a female rat model of panic disorder","volume":"10","author":"Tenorio-Lopes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12550","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12550","article-title":"Neonatal maternal separation opposes the facilitatory effect of castration on the respiratory response to hypercapnia of the adult male rat: Evidence for the involvement of the medial amygdala","volume":"29","author":"Tenorio-Lopes","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tremblay, M.-\u00c9., Lowery, R.L., Majewska, Ania K., Majewska, A. K, Gelbard, H.A., 2010. Microglial Interactions with synapses are modulated by visual experience. PLoS Biol. 8, e1000527. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000527.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000527"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0614-7","article-title":"Phenotypic clustering: a novel method for microglial morphology analysis","volume":"13","author":"Verdonk","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Villa, A., Gelosa, P., Castiglioni, L., Cimino, M., Rizzi, N., Pepe, G., Lolli, F., Marcello, E., Sironi, L., Vegeto, E., Maggi, A., 2018. Sex-specific features of microglia from adult mice. Cell Rep. 23, 3501\u20133511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.05.048.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.05.048"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vollmer, L.L., Ghosal, S., McGuire, J.L., Ahlbrand, R.L., Li, K.Y., Santin, J.M., Ratliff-Rang, C.A., Patrone, L.G.A., Rush, J., Lewkowich, I.P., Herman, J.P., Putnam, R.W., Sah, R., 2016. Microglial acid sensing regulates carbon dioxide-evoked fear. Biol. Psychiatry 80, 541\u2013551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.04.022.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.04.022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2012.11.007","article-title":"Microglia: actively surveying and shaping neuronal circuit structure and function","volume":"36","author":"Wake","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2011.13.4\/jwemmie","article-title":"Neurobiology of panic and pH chemosensation in the brain","volume":"13","author":"Wemmie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1988.01800250051007","article-title":"Carbon dioxide\u2014induced anxiety: behavioral, physiologic, and biochemical effects of carbon dioxide in patients with panic disorders and healthy subjects","volume":"45","author":"Woods","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Q., Wang, Y., Feng, J., Cao, J., Chen, B., 2013. I ntermittent hypoxia from obstructive sleep apnea may cause neuronal impairment and dysfunction in central nervous system: The potential roles played by microglia. Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/NDT.S49868.","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S49868"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yaz\u011fan, Y., Naz\u0131ro\u011flu, M., 2017. ovariectomy-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress, apoptosis, and calcium ion influx through TRPA1, TRPM2, and TRPV1 are prevented by 17\u03b2-Estradiol, Tamoxifen, and Raloxifene in the hippocampus and dorsal root ganglion of rats. Mol. Neurobiol. 54, 7620\u20137638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-016-0232-5.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-0232-5"}],"container-title":["Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006899321000019?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006899321000019?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:16:56Z","timestamp":1777393016000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006899321000019"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":68,"alternative-id":["S0006899321000019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-8993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-8993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Impact of ovariectomy and CO2 inhalation on microglia morphology in select brainstem and hypothalamic areas regulating breathing in female rats","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147276","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"147276"}}