{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T07:02:20Z","timestamp":1769756540870,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004772","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022AAC03487"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022AAC03487"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004772","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,6]],"date-time":"2022-08-06T16:02:20Z","timestamp":1659801740000},"page":"148041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Decreased brain noradrenaline in minimal hepatic encephalopathy is associated with cognitive impairment in rats"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1793","author":[{"given":"Xuhong","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenxiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5810-8928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yangyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueying","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minxing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiarui","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangchun","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00065","article-title":"The Aging of Iron Man","volume":"10","author":"Ashraf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6135","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhaa159","article-title":"Noradrenaline Release from Locus Coeruleus Terminals in the Hippocampus Enhances Excitation-Spike Coupling in CA1 Pyramidal Neurons Via \u03b2-Adrenoceptors","volume":"30","author":"Bacon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23216","article-title":"Spectrum of neurocognitive impairment in cirrhosis: Implications for the assessment of hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"50","author":"Bajaj","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2463","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-06416-z","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome is associated with poor response to rifaximin in minimal hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"12","author":"Ballester","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(93)90507-C","article-title":"Effects of locus coeruleus inactivation on electroencephalographic activity in neocortex and hippocampus","volume":"55","author":"Berridge","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2396(199605)23:1<28::AID-SYN4>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Noradrenergic mechanisms in stress and anxiety: I. Preclinical studies","volume":"23","author":"Bremner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-02054-2","article-title":"Comparisons of neuroinflammation, microglial activation, and degeneration of the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system in APP\/PS1 and aging mice","volume":"18","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-02054-2","article-title":"Comparisons of neuroinflammation, microglial activation, and degeneration of the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system in APP\/PS1 and aging mice","volume":"18","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.21.7.565","article-title":"Changes in brain catecholamine levels in human cirrhotic hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"21","author":"Cuilleret","year":"1980","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.42.6.764","article-title":"Benzodiazepines in hepatic encephalopathy: sleeping with the enemy","volume":"42","author":"Dasarathy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2017.11.026","article-title":"Iron-loaded transferrin (Tf) is detrimental whereas iron-free Tf confers protection against brain ischemia by modifying blood Tf saturation and subsequent neuronal damage","volume":"15","author":"DeGregorio-Rocasolano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2020.01.006","article-title":"The Health Care Burden of Hepatic Encephalopathy","volume":"24","author":"Elsaid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Liver Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1080\/13696998.2019.1699563","article-title":"The burden associated with thrombocytopenia and platelet transfusions among patients with chronic liver disease","volume":"23","author":"Elsaid","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00041","article-title":"Matured Hop Bitter Acids in Beer Improve Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depression-Like Behavior","volume":"13","author":"Fukuda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2946","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn209","article-title":"Brain cholinergic impairment in liver failure","volume":"131","author":"Garcia-Ayllon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2004.10.001","article-title":"Imaging iron stores in the brain using magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"23","author":"Haacke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2014.09.004","article-title":"Quantitative susceptibility mapping: current status and future directions","volume":"33","author":"Haacke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21588","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202001712RR","article-title":"Perturbation of astroglial Slc38 glutamine transporters by NH4 (+) contributes to neurophysiologic manifestations in acute liver failure","volume":"35","author":"Hamdani","year":"2021","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.06.013","article-title":"Selective loss of noradrenaline exacerbates early cognitive dysfunction and synaptic deficits in APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"73","author":"Hammerschmidt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-022-00913-w","article-title":"Psychometric methods for diagnosing and monitoring minimal hepatic encephalopathy -current validation level and practical use","volume":"37","author":"Hansen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0105","first-page":"2243","article-title":"The role of noradrenaline in cognition and cognitive disorders","volume":"144","author":"Holland","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain (London, England: 1878)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-021-05946-0","article-title":"Methylphenidate for attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in adults: a narrative review","volume":"238","author":"Jaeschke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22042033","article-title":"The Role of Butyrylcholinesterase and Iron in the Regulation of Cholinergic Network and Cognitive Dysfunction in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Pathogenesis","volume":"22","author":"Jasiecki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00011-9","article-title":"Reproducible production of thioacetamide-induced macronodular cirrhosis in the rat with no mortality","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00632","article-title":"Iron and Alzheimer's Disease: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Implications","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.01.064","article-title":"Noradrenergic, but not cholinergic, deafferentation of prefrontal cortex impairs attentional set-shifting","volume":"153","author":"McGaughy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-008-1097-8","article-title":"Atomoxetine reverses attentional deficits produced by noradrenergic deafferentation of medial prefrontal cortex","volume":"200","author":"Newman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X20666220103140834","article-title":"The Role of Natural Products in Treatment of Depressive Disorder","volume":"20","author":"Noori","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21631","article-title":"Hepcidin and its therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"40","author":"Qian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3453","article-title":"Iron metabolism in the CNS: implications for neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"14","author":"Rouault","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.12.027","article-title":"Roles of tau pathology in the locus coeruleus (LC) in age-associated pathophysiology and Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis: Potential strategies to protect the LC against aging","volume":"1702","author":"Satoh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2016.12.022","article-title":"Variants of the Morris water maze task to comparatively assess human and rodent place navigation","volume":"139","author":"Schoenfeld","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0000000000000396","article-title":"Acute food deprivation separates motor-activating from anxiolytic effects of caffeine in a rat open field test model","volume":"29","author":"Schulz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29186","article-title":"Grading the range of hepatic encephalopathy from overt to covert: Animals to the rescue!","volume":"66","author":"Soriano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.09.021","article-title":"Ferroptosis: A Regulated Cell Death Nexus Linking Metabolism, Redox Biology, and Disease","volume":"171","author":"Stockwell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1177\/0023677215573040","article-title":"Standard Operating Procedures in Experimental Liver Research: Thioacetamide model in mice and rats","volume":"49","author":"Wallace","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lab. Anim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840120413","article-title":"Increased serotoninergic and noradrenergic activity in hepatic encephalopathy in rats with thioacetamide-induced acute liver failure","volume":"12","author":"Yurdaydin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-006-0453-2","article-title":"Neuromelanin and iron in human locus coeruleus and substantia nigra during aging: consequences for neuronal vulnerability","volume":"113","author":"Zucca","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neural. Transm. (Vienna)"}],"container-title":["Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006899322002657?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006899322002657?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T17:07:25Z","timestamp":1762103245000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006899322002657"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S0006899322002657"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-8993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-8993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Decreased brain noradrenaline in minimal hepatic encephalopathy is associated with cognitive impairment in rats","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.148041","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"148041"}}