{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T02:33:45Z","timestamp":1768530825513,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016724","name":"Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71\/2-Edu-16\/5487"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71\/2-Edu-16\/5487"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016724","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T13:42:06Z","timestamp":1686145326000},"page":"148443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Phosphodiesterase inhibitor, ibudilast alleviates core behavioral and biochemical deficits in the prenatal valproic acid exposure model of autism spectrum disorder"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1815","author":[{"given":"Arushi","family":"Sandhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kajal","family":"Rawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vipasha","family":"Gautam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antika","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5925-7159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lekha","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyy043","article-title":"Motor impairments correlate with social deficits and restricted neuronal loss in an environmental model of autism","volume":"21","author":"Al Sagheer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.31579\/2692-9422\/014","article-title":"The Involvement of Hippocampal Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Role of the Neuropeptide Oxytocin","volume":"5","author":"Alfaifi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Neurolog. Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-3472(75)90114-1","article-title":"Postnatal development of locomotion in the laboratory rat","volume":"23","author":"Altman","year":"1975","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0020","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8448","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27238448","article-title":"Emerging Potential of the Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Inhibitor Ibudilast for Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Update on Preclinical and Clinical Evidence","volume":"27","author":"Angelopoulou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12002","article-title":"Downregulation of the expression of mitochondrial electron transport complex genes in autism brains","volume":"23","author":"Anitha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2019.08.002","article-title":"The possible neuroprotective role of grape seed extract on the histopathological changes of the cerebellar cortex of rats prenatally exposed to Valproic Acid: Animal model of autism","volume":"121","author":"Arafat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Histochem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-44462008000300016","article-title":"Cerebellum and psychiatric disorders","volume":"30","author":"Balda\u00e7ara","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brazilian J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.21307\/ane-2017-025","article-title":"Immune dysfunction and neuroinflammation in autism spectrum disorder","volume":"76","author":"Bj\u00f8rklund","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0050","unstructured":"Brooks, B. R., Bravver, E., Sanjak, M., Langford, V., Moore, L., Smith, N., Lucas, N., Nichols, M., Lary, C., Newell-Sturdivant, A., 2017. Adaptive design single center phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitor\u2013ibudilast (MN-166-ALS-1201) phase 1b\/2a clinical trial double-blind (DB) with open label extension (OLE)[NCT02238626] for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients [1] not requirin."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.12965\/jer.1632696.348","article-title":"Treadmill exercise ameliorates motor dysfunction through inhibition of Purkinje cell loss in cerebellum of valproic acid-induced autistic rats","volume":"12","author":"Cho","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Exerc. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.2270","article-title":"Prenatal valproate exposure and risk of autism spectrum disorders and childhood autism","volume":"309","author":"Christensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15020161","article-title":"Behavioral, Anti-Inflammatory, and Neuroprotective Effects of a Novel FPR2 Agonist in Two Mouse Models of Autism","volume":"15","author":"Cristiano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.339","article-title":"Autistic-like traits and cerebellar dysfunction in Purkinje cell PTEN knock-out mice","volume":"41","author":"Cupolillo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-31385-7","article-title":"The histamine H3R antagonist DL77 attenuates autistic behaviors in a prenatal valproic acid-induced mouse model of autism","volume":"8","author":"Eissa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2020.110185","article-title":"Validation of prenatal versus postnatal valproic acid rat models of autism: a behavioral and neurobiological study","volume":"108","author":"Elnahas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3844\/ajbbsp.2008.61.72","article-title":"The autistic phenotype exhibits a remarkably localized modification of brain protein by products of free radical-induced lipid oxidation","volume":"4","author":"Evans","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2016.08.009","article-title":"Design, rationale, and baseline characteristics of the randomized double-blind phase II clinical trial of ibudilast in progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"50","author":"Fox","year":"2016","journal-title":"Contemp. Clin. Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4000","DOI":"10.2174\/092986712802002572","article-title":"Glutathione-related factors and oxidative stress in autism, a review","volume":"19","author":"Ghanizadeh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-017-0809-3","article-title":"Valproic acid in women and girls of childbearing age","volume":"19","author":"Gotlib","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(82)90118-X","article-title":"Analysis of nitrate, nitrite, and [15N] nitrate in biological fluids","volume":"126","author":"Green","year":"1982","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.10.004","article-title":"Human adipose-derived stem cells ameliorate repetitive behavior, social deficit and anxiety in a VPA-induced autism mouse model","volume":"317","author":"Ha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.12025SC","article-title":"Effect of prenatal valproic acid exposure on cortical morphology in female mice","volume":"118","author":"Hara","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0120","first-page":"e2473","article-title":"Assessment of social interaction behaviors","author":"Kaidanovich-Beilin","year":"2011","journal-title":"JoVE (J. Vis. Exp.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.06.001","article-title":"Postnatal behavioral and inflammatory alterations in female pups prenatally exposed to valproic acid","volume":"72","author":"Kazlauskas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jams.2017.06.006","article-title":"Laser acupuncture at HT7 improves the cerebellar disorders in valproic acid-rat model of autism","volume":"10","author":"Khongrum","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Acupunct. Meridian Stud."},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1293538","article-title":"Epilepsy cases in pregnant and postpartum women: a practical approach","volume":"31","author":"Klein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin. Neurol. \u00a9 Thieme Medical Publishers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(78)90479-4","article-title":"Generation of superoxide radicals during auto-oxidation of hydroxyl-amine hydrochloride an assay for SOD","volume":"186","author":"Kono","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.16.7.935","article-title":"Ibudilast (AV-411) a new class therapeutic candidate for neuropathic pain and opioid withdrawal syndromes","volume":"16","author":"Ledeboer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.12965\/jer.1632638.319","article-title":"Music application alleviates short-term memory impairments through increasing cell proliferation in the hippocampus of valproic acid-induced autistic rat pups","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Exerc. Rehabil."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.12.002","article-title":"Elevated immune response in the brain of autistic patients","volume":"207","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1854","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25629","article-title":"Quantification of cerebellar hemispheric purkinje cell linear density: 32 ET cases versus 16 controls","volume":"28","author":"Louis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6","article-title":"Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent","volume":"193","author":"Lowry","year":"1951","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0170","article-title":"Spectrophotometric method for the estimation of catalase","author":"Luck","year":"1963","journal-title":"Methods Enzym. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgab115","article-title":"Cilostazol attenuated prenatal valproic acid-induced behavioural and biochemical deficits in a rat model of autism spectrum disorder","volume":"73","author":"Luhach","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173663","article-title":"Attenuation of neurobehavioural abnormalities by papaverine in prenatal valproic acid rat model of ASD","volume":"890","author":"Luhach","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-017-0176-2","article-title":"Cytokine levels and associations with symptom severity in male and female children with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"8","author":"Masi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Autism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.04.037","article-title":"The influence of neuroinflammation in Autism Spectrum Disorder","volume":"79","author":"Matta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2018.10.045","article-title":"Selective modulator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b1 protects propionic acid induced autism-like phenotypes in rats","volume":"214","author":"Mirza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2019.02.003","article-title":"Benefits of Fenofibrate in prenatal valproic acid-induced autism spectrum disorder related phenotype in rats","volume":"147","author":"Mirza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.009","article-title":"Neuroprotective role of phosphodiesterase inhibitor ibudilast on neuronal cell death induced by activated microglia","volume":"46","author":"Mizuno","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-017-0121-4","article-title":"Environmental risk factors for autism: an evidence-based review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses","volume":"8","author":"Modabbernia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Autism"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.11.007","article-title":"Elevated cytokine levels in children with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"172","author":"Molloy","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.07.033","article-title":"Excitatory\/inhibitory balance and circuit homeostasis in autism spectrum disorders","volume":"87","author":"Nelson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2018.06.014","article-title":"Identifying associations among co-occurring medical conditions in children with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"19","author":"Neumeyer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acad. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.04.017","article-title":"The valproic acid-induced rodent model of autism","volume":"299","author":"Nicolini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3","article-title":"Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction","volume":"95","author":"Ohkawa","year":"1979","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.7555\/JBR.34.20200057","article-title":"Valproic acid therapy decreases serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in female infants and toddlers with epilepsy\u2014a pilot longitudinal study","volume":"35","author":"Qiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.3090","article-title":"Reversal of established traumatic brain injury-induced, anxiety-like behavior in rats after delayed, post-injury neuroimmune suppression","volume":"31","author":"Rodgers","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"2-4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1017\/S1740925X12000142","article-title":"Evidence of microglial activation in autism and its possible role in brain underconnectivity","volume":"7","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron Glia Biol."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2897","DOI":"10.1517\/14656560903426189","article-title":"Ibudilast: a review of its pharmacology, efficacy and safety in respiratory and neurological disease","volume":"10","author":"Rolan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2013.01.004","article-title":"In utero exposure to valproic acid and autism\u2014a current review of clinical and animal studies","volume":"36","author":"Roullet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.5214\/ans.0972.7531.260106","article-title":"Negative geotaxis: An early age behavioral hallmark to VPA rat model of autism","volume":"26","author":"Ruhela","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3-4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.06.007","article-title":"Epigallocatechin gallate ameliorates behavioral and biochemical deficits in rat model of load-induced chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"86","author":"Sachdeva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0275","unstructured":"Saft, P., Cardenas, T., GA, C. A., Pouchoulen, P., Brug, B., Hernandez, M. E., Manzo, J., 2014. Characterization of four types of tail abnormalities in rats treated prenatally with valproic acid. eNeurobiolog\u00eda 5, 2."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-01885-2","article-title":"Phosphodiesterase 2A inhibition corrects the aberrant behavioral traits observed in genetic and environmental preclinical models of Autism Spectrum Disorder","volume":"12","author":"Schiavi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-010-9142-x","article-title":"The role of the cerebellum in cognition and emotion: personal reflections since 1982 on the dysmetria of thought hypothesis, and its historical evolution from theory to therapy","volume":"20","author":"Schmahmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300518","article-title":"Behavioral alterations in rats prenatally exposed to valproic acid: animal model of autism","volume":"30","author":"Schneider","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X17666191010103044","article-title":"A mechanistic rationale for PDE-4 inhibitors to treat residual cognitive deficits in acquired brain injury","volume":"18","author":"Schreiber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(68)90092-4","article-title":"Estimation of total, protein-bound, and nonprotein sulfhydryl groups in tissue with Ellman\u2019s reagent","volume":"25","author":"Sedlak","year":"1968","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.5603\/FM.a2017.0100","article-title":"Effect of valproic acid administration during pregnancy on postnatal development of cerebellar cortex and the possible protective role of folic acid","volume":"77","author":"Shona","year":"2018","journal-title":"Folia Morphol. (Warsz)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-013-0490-y","article-title":"Defining the role of cerebellar Purkinje cells in autism spectrum disorders","volume":"12","author":"Sudarov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-018-0082-z","article-title":"Treatment of multiple sclerosis\u2014success from bench to bedside","volume":"15","author":"Tintore","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Usui, N., Kobayashi, H., Shimada, S., 2023. Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 24, 5487.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065487"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2016.05.002","article-title":"The glial cell modulator ibudilast attenuates neuroinflammation and enhances retinal ganglion cell viability in glaucoma through protein kinase A signaling","volume":"93","author":"Vargas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-017-1736-4","article-title":"Autism spectrum disorder: neuropathology and animal models","volume":"134","author":"Varghese","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0117705","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117705","article-title":"Drug repurposing: a systematic approach to evaluate candidate oral neuroprotective interventions for secondary progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"10","author":"Vesterinen","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-52","article-title":"IL-6 is increased in the cerebellum of autistic brain and alters neural cell adhesion, migration and synaptic formation","volume":"8","author":"Wei","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0345","first-page":"e56694","article-title":"Utilizing the modified T-maze to assess functional memory outcomes after cardiac arrest","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"JoVE (J. Vis. Exp.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2017.01.012","article-title":"Fingolimod (FTY720) attenuates social deficits, learning and memory impairments, neuronal loss and neuroinflammation in the rat model of autism","volume":"173","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-016-0068-x","article-title":"From molecules to neural morphology: understanding neuroinflammation in autism spectrum condition","volume":"7","author":"Young","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Autism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527315666160413121751","article-title":"Oxidative stress and nitric oxide in autism spectrum disorder and other neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"15","author":"Yui","year":"2016","journal-title":"CNS Neurol. Disord. Targets (Formerly Curr Drug Targets-CNS Neurol. Disord.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.5249\/jivr.v6i2.497","article-title":"Role of phosphodiesterase inhibitor Ibudilast in morphine-induced hippocampal injury","volume":"6","author":"Zhaleh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Inj. Violence Res."}],"container-title":["Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006899323002147?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006899323002147?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T18:25:46Z","timestamp":1757787946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006899323002147"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"references-count":73,"alternative-id":["S0006899323002147"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-8993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-8993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Phosphodiesterase inhibitor, ibudilast alleviates core behavioral and biochemical deficits in the prenatal valproic acid exposure model of autism spectrum disorder","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148443","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"148443"}}