{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T02:36:22Z","timestamp":1790044582539,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,2]],"date-time":"2023-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001039","name":"Neurosurgical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001039","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1145183"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1145183"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DP190101209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP190101209"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T10:58:18Z","timestamp":1688209098000},"page":"148475","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Evaluating the effect of post-traumatic hypoxia on the development of axonal injury following traumatic brain injury in sheep"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1817","author":[{"given":"Jessica M.","family":"Sharkey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan D.","family":"Quarrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6813-2147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin L.","family":"Krieg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lola","family":"Kaukas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renee J.","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9430-3314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire F.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances","family":"Corrigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4271\/780886","article-title":"Incidence and severity of cerebral concussion in the rhesus monkey following sagittal plane angular acceleration","author":"Abel","year":"1978","journal-title":"SAE Technical Paper"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1089\/089771503770195812","article-title":"Impact mechanics and axonal injury in a sheep model","volume":"20","author":"Anderson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0015","unstructured":"Anderson, R.W.G. (2000). A study on the biomechanics of axonal injury [Ph.D.]: Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Adelaide; 2000."},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0020","article-title":"Transiently lowering tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 synthesis ameliorates neuronal cell loss and cognitive impairments induced by minimal traumatic brain injury in mice","volume":"12","author":"Baratz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001856","article-title":"In vogue: ketamine for neuroprotection in acute neurologic injury","volume":"124","author":"Bell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"1747\u20131755","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0030","article-title":"Mild traumatic brain injury and diffuse axonal injury in swine","volume":"28","author":"Browne","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buki, A. and Povlishock, J.T. All roads lead to disconnection?--Traumatic axonal injury revisited. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2006; 148(181-193; discussion 193-184).","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-005-0674-4"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2006.0032","article-title":"Prognostic value of admission blood pressure in traumatic brain injury: results from the IMPACT study","volume":"24","author":"Butcher","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"705379","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0045","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of ketamine on lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial activation","volume":"2009","author":"Chang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e3181c3cea5","article-title":"Lipoteichoic acid-induced TNF-alpha and IL-6 gene expressions and oxidative stress production in macrophages are suppressed by ketamine through downregulating Toll-like receptor 2-mediated activation oF ERK1\/2 and NFkappaB","volume":"33","author":"Chang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"100","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0055","article-title":"A modified controlled cortical impact technique to model mild traumatic brain injury mechanics in mice","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.31083\/j.jin.2019.02.110","article-title":"Morphological and functional alterations of astrocytes responding to traumatic brain injury","volume":"18","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Integr Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199302000-00006","article-title":"The role of secondary brain injury in determining outcome from severe head injury","volume":"34","author":"Chesnut","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000196644.64653.d8","article-title":"Prehospital hypoxia affects outcome in patients with traumatic brain injury: a prospective multicenter study","volume":"61","author":"Chi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(90)90105-V","article-title":"Elevation of tumor necrosis factor in head injury","volume":"30","author":"Clay Goodman","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1983.59.3.0447","article-title":"Cardiovascular response to severe head injury","volume":"59","author":"Clifton","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-008-9510-3","article-title":"Biomechanics of traumatic brain injury: influences of the morphologic heterogeneities of the cerebral cortex","volume":"36","author":"Cloots","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3816-2_17","article-title":"A Porcine Model of Traumatic Brain Injury via Head Rotational Acceleration","volume":"1462","author":"Cullen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2009.0940","article-title":"Both hypoxemia and extreme hyperoxemia may be detrimental in patients with severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"26","author":"Davis","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0100","first-page":"1","article-title":"Estimating the global incidence of traumatic brain injury","author":"Dewan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0500-3","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokine and chemokine profiles are associated with patient outcome and the hyperadrenergic state following acute brain injury","volume":"13","author":"Di Battista","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.01.021","article-title":"Impaired axonal transport and neurofilament compaction occur in separate populations of injured axons following diffuse brain injury in the immature rat","volume":"1263","author":"DiLeonardi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0115","first-page":"159","article-title":"Emergency department management of traumatic brain injuries: A resource tiered review. Afr","volume":"10","author":"Dixon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2014.6","article-title":"Repeated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Results in Long-Term White-Matter Disruption","volume":"34","author":"Donovan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"issue":"100","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0130","article-title":"Autonomic dysfunction after mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"7","author":"Esterov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.09.015","article-title":"Physiological and histopathological responses following closed rotational head injury depend on direction of head motion","volume":"227","author":"Eucker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00998","article-title":"Simulation of the strain amplification in sulci due to blunt impact to the head","volume":"11","author":"Fagan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1159\/000026331","article-title":"The role of cytokines in the neuropathology of stroke and neurotrauma","volume":"5","author":"Feuerstein","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9572(00)00321-X","article-title":"Severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"48","author":"Finfer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e3181e8b32d","article-title":"Critical Care Translational Biology, G. Severe traumatic brain injury in children elevates glial fibrillary acidic protein in cerebrospinal fluid and serum","volume":"12","author":"Fraser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2009.1120","article-title":"In situ detection of inflammatory mediators in post mortem human brain tissue after traumatic injury","volume":"27","author":"Frugier","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2005.06.057","article-title":"Anesthesia-specific protection from endotoxic shock is not mediated through the vagus nerve","volume":"138","author":"Fuentes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.13.2.281-288.2006","article-title":"General anesthesia delays the inflammatory response and increases survival for mice with endotoxic shock","volume":"13","author":"Fuentes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410120611","article-title":"Diffuse axonal injury and traumatic coma in the primate","volume":"12","author":"Gennarelli","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(90)90105-V","article-title":"Elevation of tumor necrosis factor in head injury","volume":"30","author":"Goodman","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0185","article-title":"Temporal and spatial changes in reactive astrogliosis examined by (18)F-THK5351 positron emission tomography in a patient with severe traumatic brain injury. Eur J Hybrid","volume":"5","author":"Hatakeyama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2009.1245","article-title":"Post-traumatic hypoxia exacerbates brain tissue damage: analysis of axonal injury and glial responses","volume":"27","author":"Hellewell","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"110708","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0195","article-title":"Relating strain fields with microtubule changes in porcine cortical sulci following drop impact","volume":"128","author":"Hoffe","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, X.J., Glushakova, O., Mondello, S., Van, K., Hayes, R.L. and Lyeth, B.G. Acute Temporal Profiles of Serum Levels of UCH-L1 and GFAP and Relationships to Neuronal and Astroglial Pathology following Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats. J Neurotrauma 2015; 32(1179-1189).","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.3873"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-2007-22502","article-title":"The impact of traumatic brain injuries: a global perspective","volume":"22","author":"Hyder","year":"2007","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws322","article-title":"Inflammation and white matter degeneration persist for years after a single traumatic brain injury","volume":"136","author":"Johnson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-015-1506-0","article-title":"SNTF immunostaining reveals previously undetected axonal pathology in traumatic brain injury","volume":"131","author":"Johnson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-021-01005-z","article-title":"Long-Term Trends in the Epidemiology of Major Traumatic Brain Injury","volume":"46","author":"Kureshi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Community Health"},{"issue":"186","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0225","article-title":"Microglia processes associate with diffusely injured axons following mild traumatic brain injury in the micro pig","volume":"12","author":"Lafrenaye","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-199912000-00010","article-title":"Experimental models of brain trauma","volume":"12","author":"Laurer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1996.13.505","article-title":"A head impact model of early axonal injury in the sheep","volume":"13","author":"Lewis","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0240","first-page":"1689","article-title":"Elevated admission systolic blood pressure after blunt trauma predicts delayed pneumonia and mortality","volume":"71","author":"Ley","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1988.5.1","article-title":"Controlled cortical impact: a new experimental brain injury model","volume":"5","author":"Lighthall","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0250","series-title":"Animal Models of Acute Neurological Injuries","article-title":"Fluid Percussion Injury Model","author":"Lipshitz","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70164-9","article-title":"Moderate and severe traumatic brain injury in adults","volume":"7","author":"Maas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.136.10.1118","article-title":"Hypotension, hypoxia, and head injury: frequency, duration, and consequences","volume":"136","author":"Manley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3168373","article-title":"An analytical model of traumatic diffuse brain injury","volume":"111","author":"Margulies","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(90)90029-3","article-title":"Physical model simulations of brain injury in the primate","volume":"23","author":"Margulies","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1994.80.2.0291","article-title":"A new model of diffuse brain injury in rats. Part I: Pathophysiology and biomechanics","volume":"80","author":"Marmarou","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"658461","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0280","article-title":"Reproducibility and characterization of head kinematics during a large animal acceleration model of traumatic brain injury","volume":"12","author":"Mayer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4050283","article-title":"Impact-induced cortical strain concentrations at the sulcal base and its implications for mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"143","author":"Mazurkiewicz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6885","article-title":"Beyond the brain: peripheral interactions after traumatic brain injury","volume":"37","author":"McDonald","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(89)90247-9","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury in the rat: characterization of a lateral fluid-percussion model","volume":"28","author":"McIntosh","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"102136","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0300","article-title":"Evaluating spatiotemporal microstructural alterations following diffuse traumatic brain injury","volume":"25","author":"Mohamed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2768","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2016.4679","article-title":"Functional and molecular correlates after single and repeated rat closed-head concussion: indices of vulnerability after brain injury","volume":"34","author":"Mountney","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33606","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033606","article-title":"CSF-biomarkers in Olympic boxing: diagnosis and effects of repetitive head trauma","volume":"7","author":"Neselius","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2012.750752","article-title":"Olympic boxing is associated with elevated levels of the neuronal protein tau in plasma","volume":"27","author":"Neselius","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s004140050246","article-title":"Pontine axonal injury after brain trauma and nontraumatic hypoxic-ischemic brain damage","volume":"112","author":"Oehmichen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2016.4944","article-title":"Common Patterns of Regional Brain Injury Detectable by Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Otherwise Normal-Appearing White Matter in Patients with Early Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury","volume":"35","author":"O\u2019Phelan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3423640","article-title":"Measurement of angular acceleration of a rigid body using linear accelerometers","volume":"42","author":"Padgaonkar","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Appl. Mech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlw045","article-title":"Delayed hypoxemia following traumatic brain injury exacerbates white matter injury","volume":"75","author":"Parikh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"issue":"549\u2013561","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0345","article-title":"A rodent model of mild traumatic brain blast injury","volume":"93","author":"Perez-Polo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-172298","article-title":"Concussion and the autonomic nervous system: an introduction to the field and the results of a systematic review","volume":"42","author":"Pertab","year":"2018","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(96)00113-8","article-title":"Characterization of a distinct set of intra-axonal ultrastructural changes associated with traumatically induced alteration in axolemmal permeability","volume":"722","author":"Pettus","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0190449","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190449","article-title":"The amyloid precursor protein derivative, APP96-110, is efficacious following intravenous administration after traumatic brain injury","volume":"13","author":"Plummer","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2392","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17072392","article-title":"Influence of skull fracture on traumatic brain injury risk induced by blunt impact","volume":"17","author":"Ren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.25049","article-title":"Center of mass and anatomical coordinate system definition for sheep head kinematics, with application to ovine models of traumatic brain injury","volume":"100","author":"Sharkey","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm294","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging during recovery from severe traumatic brain injury and relation to clinical outcome: a longitudinal study","volume":"131","author":"Sidaros","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"190","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0385","article-title":"Evidence that the blood biomarker SNTF predicts brain imaging changes and persistent cognitive dysfunction in mild TBI patients","volume":"4","author":"Siman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"issue":"249","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0390","article-title":"Serum SNTF, a surrogate marker of axonal injury, is prognostic for lasting brain dysfunction in mild TBI treated in the emergency department","volume":"11","author":"Siman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C32","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(89)90403-7","article-title":"Systemic arterial hypertension in head trauma","volume":"63","author":"Simard","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1072\u20131077","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0400","article-title":"Amyloid beta accumulation in axons after traumatic brain injury in humans","volume":"98","author":"Smith","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0125","unstructured":"Society for Automotive Engineers, 2003. SAE J211-1 Instrumentation for Impact Test - Part 1 - Electronic Instrumentation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.12.106","article-title":"Isoflurane exerts neuroprotective actions at or near the time of severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"1076","author":"Statler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1097\/01.shk.0000161385.62758.24","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of anti-inflammatory mediators in early-phase severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"23","author":"Shiozaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000227","article-title":"Production of cytokines following brain injury: beneficial and deleterious for the damaged tissue","volume":"2","author":"Morganti-Kossman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000206744","article-title":"Association of CSF and Serum Neurofilament Light and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, Injury Severity, and Outcome in Spinal Cord Injury","volume":"100","author":"Stukas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.74.5.1005","article-title":"ATP-sensitive K+ channels mediate dilatation of cerebral arterioles during hypoxia","volume":"74","author":"Taguchi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"1942\u20131948","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0420","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow during hemodilution and hypoxia in rats\u202f: role of ATP-sensitive potassium channels","volume":"30","author":"Tomiyama","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2012.4979","article-title":"The key role of nitric oxide in hypoxia: hypoxic vasodilation and energy supply-demand matching","volume":"19","author":"Umbrello","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1999.7150","article-title":"Upregulation of amyloid precursor protein messenger RNA in response to traumatic brain injury: an ovine head impact model","volume":"159","author":"Van den Heuvel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1054\/jocn.1999.0168","article-title":"Upregulation of amyloid precursor protein and its mRNA in an experimental model of paediatric head injury","volume":"7","author":"Van Den Heuvel","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Den Heuvel, C., Lewis, S., Wong, M., Manavis, J., Finnie, J., Blumbergs, P., Jones, N. and Reilly, P. (1998). Diffuse Neuronal Perikaryon Amyloid Precursor Protein Immunoreactivity in a Focal Head Impact Model. In: Intracranial Pressure and Neuromonitoring in Brain Injury. Marmarou, A., Bullock, R., Avezaat, C., et al. (eds). Springer Vienna: Vienna, pps. 209-211.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6475-4_60"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0445","article-title":"Chronic upregulation of activated microglia immunoreactive for galectin-3\/Mac-2 and nerve growth factor following diffuse axonal injury","volume":"7","author":"Venkatesan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24079","article-title":"Large animal models of traumatic brain injury","volume":"96","author":"Vink","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.11.036","article-title":"Blood-based biomarkers of inflammation in mild traumatic brain injury: A systematic review","volume":"132","author":"Visser","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0460","article-title":"A richer and more diverse future for microglia phenotypes","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"60","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0465","article-title":"Altered calcium signaling following traumatic brain injury","volume":"3","author":"Weber","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1159\/000498968","article-title":"A Ferret Model of Encephalopathy of Prematurity","volume":"40","author":"Wood","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0475","article-title":"A Ferret Model of Inflammation-sensitized Late Preterm Hypoxic-ischemic Brain Injury","volume":"153","author":"Wood","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"issue":"147","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0480","article-title":"Post-traumatic hypoxia exacerbates neurological deficit, neuroinflammation and cerebral metabolism in rats with diffuse traumatic brain injury","volume":"8","author":"Yan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.3087","article-title":"Post-traumatic hypoxia is associated with prolonged cerebral cytokine production, higher serum biomarker levels, and poor outcome in patients with severe traumatic brain injury","author":"Yan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2015.04.003","article-title":"Glial fibrillary acidic protein: from intermediate filament assembly and gliosis to neurobiomarker","volume":"38","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1097\/01.paf.0000103011.14578.c3","article-title":"The correlation between skull fractures and intracranial lesions due to traffic accidents","volume":"24","author":"Yavuz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2015.03.012","article-title":"Immunomodulatory activity of ketamine in human astroglial A172 cells: Possible relevance to its rapid antidepressant activity","volume":"282","author":"Yuhas","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0505","first-page":"1179","article-title":"Presenting blood pressure in traumatic brain injury: a bimodal distribution of death","volume":"71","author":"Zafar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475_b0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11111577","article-title":"Assessing Protein Biomarkers to Detect Lethal Acute Traumatic Brain Injuries in Cerebrospinal Fluid","volume":"11","author":"Zwirner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules"}],"container-title":["Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006899323002469?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006899323002469?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:29:44Z","timestamp":1777386584000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006899323002469"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":102,"alternative-id":["S0006899323002469"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-8993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-8993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evaluating the effect of post-traumatic hypoxia on the development of axonal injury following traumatic brain injury in sheep","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148475","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"148475"}}