{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T16:50:34Z","timestamp":1791651034131,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003579","name":"University of Toronto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003579","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T12:33:09Z","timestamp":1741696389000},"page":"149559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Prolonged loss of nuclear HMGB1 in neurons following modeled TBI and implications for long-term genetic health"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1855","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3950-9685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura R.","family":"Siracusa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0728-1752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugene","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berwick D, Bowman K, Matney C. Traumatic Brain Injury: A Roadmap for Accelerating Progress (2022). National Academies Press; 2022.; 10.17226\/25394.","DOI":"10.17226\/25394"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12030643","article-title":"Neurotrauma\u2014From Injury to Repair: Clinical Perspectives, Cellular Mechanisms and Promoting Regeneration of the Injured Brain and Spinal Cord","volume":"12","author":"Stevens","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.742632","article-title":"Cellular senescence in traumatic brain injury: evidence and perspectives","volume":"13","author":"Schwab","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-022-01475-z","article-title":"HMGB1 in the mPFC governs comorbid anxiety in neuropathic pain","volume":"23","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Headache Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlw030","article-title":"HMGB1 translocation after ischemia in the ovine fetal brain","volume":"75","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0030","article-title":"Identification of cortical interneuron cell markers in mouse embryos based on machine learning analysis of single-cell transcriptomics","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"issue":"29\u201335","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0035","article-title":"HMGB1 expression patterns during the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"280","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"issue":"SEP","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0040","article-title":"Proinflammatory effect of high glucose concentrations on HMrSV5 cells via the autocrine effect of HMGB1","volume":"8","author":"Chu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2010.05.015","article-title":"HMGB1 in systemic lupus erythematosus: its role in cutaneous lesions development","volume":"9","author":"Abdulahad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.04788.x","article-title":"High mobility group box 1 protein is released by neural cells upon different stresses and worsens ischemic neurodegeneration in vitro and in vivo","volume":"103","author":"Faraco","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2987","article-title":"HMGB1, angel or devil, in ischemic stroke","volume":"13","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12023","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2435-08.2008","article-title":"The HMGB1 receptor RAGE mediates ischemic brain damage","volume":"28","author":"Muhammad","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10320","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0803181105","article-title":"High mobility group protein b1 enhances DNA repair and chromatin modification after DNA damage","volume":"105","author":"Lange","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proceed. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10102791","article-title":"Neurons Are a Primary Driver of Inflammation via Release of Hmgb1","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0075","article-title":"Targeting Inflammation Driven by HMGB1","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1212662","article-title":"The many faces of HMGB1: molecular structure-functional activity in inflammation, apoptosis, and chemotaxis","volume":"93","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13050385","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury recovery with photobiomodulation: cellular mechanisms, clinical evidence, and future potential","volume":"13","author":"Lim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagrm.2009.11.008","article-title":"HMGB1: roles in base excision repair and related function","volume":"1799","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lange SS, Mitchell DL, Vasquez KM. 2008. Sciences of the USA 10320-10325 PNAS.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0803181105"},{"issue":"DEC","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0100","article-title":"Sinomenine provides neuroprotection in model of traumatic brain injury via the Nrf2-ARE pathway","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113000","article-title":"Oxidative Stress in Traumatic Brain Injury","volume":"23","author":"Fesharaki-Zadeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12121831","article-title":"Oxidative stress-induced HMGB1 translocation in myenteric neurons contributes to neuropathy in colitis","volume":"12","author":"Stavely","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-014-8752-3","article-title":"Interactions of oxidative stress and neurovascular inflammation in the pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury","volume":"51","author":"Abdul-Muneer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"172","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0120","article-title":"Modulating neuroinflammation and oxidative stress to prevent epilepsy and improve outcomes after traumatic brain injury","volume":"2020","author":"Eastman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"68\u201380","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0125","article-title":"The effect of high mobility group box-1 protein on cerebral edema, blood-brain barrier, oxidative stress and apoptosis in an experimental traumatic brain injury model","volume":"154","author":"Evran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068963","article-title":"Oxidative burst of circulating neutrophils following traumatic brain injury in human","volume":"8","author":"Liao","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-023-00350-4","article-title":"Redox dysregulation as a driver for DNA damage and its relationship to neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"12","author":"Shadfar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0140","unstructured":"Martin LJ. DNA Damage and Repair: Relevance to Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration. n.d."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5371","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI70911","article-title":"Inhibition of mitochondrial fragmentation diminishes Huntington\u2019s disease-associated neurodegeneration","volume":"123","author":"Guo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0486-0","article-title":"Fragmented mitochondria released from microglia trigger A1 astrocytic response and propagate inflammatory neurodegeneration","volume":"22","author":"Joshi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15346","article-title":"Astaxanthin ameliorates oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis via SIRT1\/NRF2\/Prx2\/ASK1\/p38 after traumatic brain injury in mice","volume":"178","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/tnsci-2022-0272","article-title":"HIF-1\u03b1 participates in secondary brain injury through regulating neuroinflammation","volume":"14","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1\u201314","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0165","article-title":"Hif-1\u03b1 mediates trail-induced neuronal apoptosis via regulating dcr1 expression following traumatic brain injury","volume":"14","author":"Fang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107507","article-title":"Inhibition of hypoxia inducible factor 1 by YC-1 attenuates tissue plasminogen activator induced hemorrhagic transformation by suppressing HMGB1\/TLR4\/NF-\u03baB mediated neutrophil infiltration in thromboembolic stroke rats","volume":"94","author":"Kong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, T., Du, S.-Y., Son, M., et al., 2021. HIF-1\u03b1 is a negative regulator of interferon regulatory factors: implications for interferon production by hypoxic monocytes. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2106017118\/-\/DCSupplemental.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2106017118"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dnarep.2019.102651","article-title":"PARP-1 and its associated nucleases in DNA damage response","volume":"81","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"DNA Repair (Amst)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2017.53","article-title":"The multifaceted roles of PARP1 in DNA repair and chromatin remodelling","volume":"18","author":"Ray Chaudhuri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16926-x","article-title":"DNA double-strand breaks induce H2Ax phosphorylation domains in a contact-dependent manner","volume":"11","author":"Collins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2020.105143","article-title":"DNA damage and repair following traumatic brain injury","volume":"147","author":"Davis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1089\/089771502753754064","article-title":"Attenuation of the electrophysiological function of the corpus callosum after fluid percussion injury in the rat","volume":"19","author":"Baker","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurotr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2017.4760","article-title":"GFAP expression in injured astrocytes in rats","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.00198","article-title":"Overview of General and Discriminating Markers of Differential Microglia Phenotypes","volume":"14","author":"Jurga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0215","unstructured":"Duijvestijn A, Van Goor H, Majoor G. 1992. Antibodies Defining Rat Endothelial Cells: RECA-1, a Pan-Endothelial Cell-Specific Monoclonal Antibody."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0220","article-title":"A Simplification of the Protein Assay Method of Lowryetal","author":"Peterson","year":"1977","journal-title":"Which Is More Generally Applicable"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75835-7","article-title":"A versatile toolbox for semi-automatic cell-by-cell object-based colocalization analysis","volume":"10","author":"Lunde","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"106\u2013114","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0230","article-title":"Fluorescence-based quantification of nucleocytoplasmic transport","volume":"157","author":"Kelley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24499-6","article-title":"TSC2 regulates lysosome biogenesis via a non-canonical RAGC and TFEB-dependent mechanism","volume":"12","author":"Alesi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02421-1","article-title":"ALS monocyte-derived microglia-like cells reveal cytoplasmic TDP-43 accumulation, DNA damage, and cell-specific impairment of phagocytosis associated with disease progression","volume":"19","author":"Quek","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4569521","article-title":"Inhibiting HMGB1 with glycyrrhizic acid protects brain injury after DAI via its anti-inflammatory effect","volume":"2016","author":"Pang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4081\/ejh.2022.3357","article-title":"Inhibition of HMGB1 suppresses inflammation and catabolism in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis via NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"66","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Europ. J. Histochem.: EJH"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0255","article-title":"Release of chromatin protein HMGB1 by necrotic cells triggers","author":"Scaffidi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2102034118","article-title":"HMGB1 released from nociceptors mediates inflammation","volume":"118","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052484","article-title":"The complex mechanisms by which neurons die following DNA damage in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"23","author":"Shadfar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1038\/s41374-019-0199-8","article-title":"DNA damage as a marker of brain damage in individuals with history of concussions","volume":"99","author":"Schwab","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-022-00736-w","article-title":"The Mechanism of HMGB1 Secretion and Release","volume":"54","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-021-01158-3","article-title":"The role of hmgb1 in traumatic brain injury\u2014bridging the gap between the laboratory and clinical studies","volume":"21","author":"Manivannan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111330","article-title":"Posttranslational S-nitrosylation modification regulates HMGB1 secretion and promotes its proinflammatory and neurodegenerative effects","volume":"40","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01189","article-title":"Immunological significance of HMGB1 post-translational modification and redox biology","volume":"11","author":"Kwak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2015.6409","article-title":"Regulation of posttranslational modifications of HMGB1 during immune responses","volume":"24","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ullal AJ, Pisetsky DS. Post-Translational Modification of HMGB1 and Its Role in Immune Activation. In: The Epigenetics of Autoimmune Diseases John Wiley and Sons; 2009; pp. 165\u2013178; 10.1002\/9780470743553.ch10.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470743553.ch10"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-018-0044-4","article-title":"Parp1 interacts with HMGB1 and promotes its nuclear export in pathological myocardial hypertrophy","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24087096","article-title":"PARP1 activation induces HMGB1 secretion promoting intestinal inflammation in mice and human intestinal organoids","volume":"24","author":"Vitali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14081751","article-title":"A novel laser-based zebrafish model for studying traumatic brain injury and its molecular targets","volume":"14","author":"Tikhonova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salceda S, Caro J. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 (HIF-1) Protein Is Rapidly Degraded by the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System under Normoxic Conditions ITS STABILIZATION BY HYPOXIA DEPENDS ON REDOX-INDUCED CHANGES*. 1997.","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.36.22642"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Semenza GL, Agani F, Booth G, et al. Structural and Functional Analysis of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1. In: Kidney International Nature Publishing Group; 1997; pp. 553\u2013555; 10.1038\/ki.1997.77.","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1997.77"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-013-0084-7","article-title":"HIF-1\u03b1 involves in neuronal apoptosis after traumatic brain injury in adult rats","volume":"51","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0335","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor-1\u03b1 (HIF-1\u03b1) escapes O 2-driven proteasomal degradation irrespective of its subcellular localization","author":"Berra","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nucleus or Cytoplasm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0340","article-title":"Release of chromatin protein HMGB1 by necrotic cells triggers","author":"Scaffidi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02977-6","article-title":"Vesicular HMGB1 release from neurons stressed with spreading depolarization enables confined inflammatory signaling to astrocytes","volume":"20","author":"Kaya","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6114","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400359","article-title":"PARP-1 mediates LPS-induced HMGB1 release by macrophages through regulation of HMGB1 acetylation","volume":"193","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2010.6","article-title":"\u0393h2AX: a sensitive molecular marker of DNA damage and repair","volume":"24","author":"Mah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s00412-012-0373-x","article-title":"HMGB1 gene knockout in mouse embryonic fibroblasts esults in reduced telomerase activity and telomere dysfunction","volume":"121","author":"Polansk\u00e1","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chromosoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108400","article-title":"Neurogenesis after traumatic brain injury - the complex role of HMGB1 and neuroinflammation","volume":"183","author":"Manivannan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Himanen L, Portin R, Isoniemi H, et al. 2006. Longitudinal Cognitive Changes in Traumatic Brain Injury A 30-Year Follow-up Study.","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000194264.60150.d3"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70226-0","article-title":"Cognitive decline in older adults with a history of traumatic brain injury","volume":"11","author":"Moretti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30279-X","article-title":"The chronic and evolving neurological consequences of traumatic brain injury","volume":"16","author":"Wilson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"S12","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.075797","article-title":"DNA damage as an early marker of senescence in tauopathies","volume":"19","author":"Harris","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-021-01190-x","article-title":"Early onset senescence and cognitive impairment in a murine model of repeated mTBI","volume":"9","author":"Schwab","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109419","article-title":"Tau oligomer induced HMGB1 release contributes to cellular senescence and neuropathology linked to Alzheimer\u2019s disease and frontotemporal dementia","volume":"36","author":"Gaikwad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."}],"container-title":["Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006899325001179?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006899325001179?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T16:13:56Z","timestamp":1791648836000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006899325001179"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":79,"alternative-id":["S0006899325001179"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-8993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-8993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prolonged loss of nuclear HMGB1 in neurons following modeled TBI and implications for long-term genetic health","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149559","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"149559"}}