{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T16:53:48Z","timestamp":1793120028562,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":142,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031256","name":"Symbiosis International University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SIU\/SCRI\/MJRP-Approval\/2021\\u201322\/4182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIU\/SCRI\/MJRP-Approval\/2021\\u201322\/4182"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031256","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T11:48:28Z","timestamp":1751888908000},"page":"149823","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Impact of obesity on brain structure: A critical review of the evidence from Magnetic Resonance imaging studies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1865","author":[{"given":"Sneha","family":"Majumder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8624-2868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kavitha","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3404-6547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhushan","family":"Borotikar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"PA","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.12.023","article-title":"Obesity, adipokines and neuroinflammation","volume":"96","author":"Aguilar-Valles","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2007.05.011","article-title":"Diffusion Tensor Imaging of the Brain","volume":"4","author":"Alexander","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S1098-3597(09)80002-1","article-title":"Obesity as a disease state: A new paradigm for diagnosis and treatment","volume":"9","author":"Aronne","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Cornerstone"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0020","first-page":"137","article-title":"Body Composition, Visceral Fat, Leptin, and Insulin Resistance in Asian Indian Men1","volume":"84","author":"Banerji","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0025","series-title":"Neuroanatomy, Precentral Gyrus","author":"Banker","year":"2021"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn875","article-title":"The amygdala and reward","volume":"3","author":"Baxter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyp202","article-title":"Could mitochondrial efficiency explain the susceptibility to adiposity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in South Asian populations?","volume":"38","author":"Bhopal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000212","article-title":"Obesity and Aging: Consequences for Cognition, Brain Structure, and Brain Function","volume":"77","author":"Bischof","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bobb, J. F., Schwartz, B. S., Davatzikos, C., & Caffo, B. (2012). Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Association of Body Mass Index and Brain Volume. m(May). doi:10.1002\/hbm.22159.","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22159"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-013-9230-7","article-title":"Impact of body mass index on neuronal fiber bundle lengths among healthy older adults","volume":"7","author":"Bolzenius","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.10.010","article-title":"Brain structure and cognitive correlates of body mass index in healthy older adults","volume":"278","author":"Bolzenius","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2011.01.004","article-title":"Visualizing hormone actions in the brain","volume":"22","author":"Brabant","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2012.13","article-title":"Late-life obesity is associated with smaller global and regional gray matter volumes: A voxel-based morphometric study","volume":"37","author":"Brooks","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes. (Lond)"},{"issue":"SUPPL. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0070","first-page":"S5","article-title":"Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity","volume":"106","author":"Calder","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2003.11.150","article-title":"Differential role of the hippocampus, amygdala, and dorsal raphe nucleus in regulating feeding, memory, and anxiety-like behavioral responses to ghrelin","volume":"313","author":"Carlini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fob.2013.09.002","article-title":"Diet-induced obesity induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and insulin resistance in the amygdala of rats","volume":"3","author":"Castro","year":"2013","journal-title":"FEBS Open Bio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0085","unstructured":"Cerebral Atrophy Information Page | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (n.d.). Retrieved April 24, 2022, from https:\/\/www.ninds.nih.gov\/Disorders\/All-Disorders\/Cerebral-Atrophy-Information-Page."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-013-9460-x","article-title":"Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Assess NeuroInflammation and Neuropathic Pain","volume":"8","author":"Chang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0095","first-page":"1","article-title":"Correlation between brain circuit segregation and obesity","volume":"259","author":"Chao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.09.017","article-title":"Correlation between brain circuit segregation and obesity","volume":"337","author":"Chao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0105","article-title":"Obesity is associated with reduced orbitofrontal cortex volume: A coordinate-based meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"NeuroimageClinical"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/7966540","article-title":"White Matter Integrity Abnormalities in Healthy Overweight Individuals Revealed by Whole Brain Meta-Analysis of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Studies","volume":"2023","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Obes."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2015.43","article-title":"Alterations in frontal white matter neurochemistry and microstructure in schizophrenia: Implications for neuroinflammation","volume":"5","author":"Chiappelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11757","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241411757","article-title":"The Molecular Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease, the Consequence of Neural Cell Death","volume":"24","author":"Choi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Climie, R. E. D., Moran, C., Callisaya, M., & Blizzard, L. (2015). Abdominal Obesity and Brain Atrophy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. 1\u201311. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0142589.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142589"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23648","article-title":"The blood-brain barrier in health and disease","volume":"72","author":"Daneman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.006","article-title":"Adiposity rather than BMI determines metabolic risk","volume":"166","author":"De Lorenzo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-019-1919-y","article-title":"Why primary obesity is a disease?","volume":"17","author":"De Lorenzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2013.07.022","article-title":"Abdominal obesity and lower gray matter volume: A Mendelian randomization study","volume":"35","author":"Debette","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2013.07.022","article-title":"Abdominal obesity and lower gray matter volume: A Mendelian randomization study","volume":"35","author":"Debette","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13019","article-title":"Insights into the multifactorial causation of obesity by integrated genetic and epigenetic analysis","volume":"21","author":"Diels","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2010.193","article-title":"Effects of Diabetes and Obesity on Vascular Reactivity, Inflammatory Cytokines, and Growth Factors","volume":"19","author":"Doupis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21353","article-title":"Midlife obesity and trajectories of brain volume changes in older adults","volume":"33","author":"Driscoll","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665117002014","article-title":"The relationship between obesity and cognitive health and decline","volume":"76","author":"Dye","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.08.019","article-title":"Obesity, diabetes and cognitive deficit: The Framingham Heart Study","volume":"26","author":"Elias","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"issue":"6005","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1199139","article-title":"Change in the Brain\u2019s White Matter: The role of the brain\u2019s white matter in active learning and memory may be underestimated","volume":"330","author":"Fields","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science (New York, N.Y.)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1515\/REVNEURO.2010.21.3.187","article-title":"Structural brain changes in aging: Courses, causes and cognitive consequences","volume":"21","author":"Fjell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.03.003","article-title":"Body mass trajectories and cortical thickness in middle-aged men: A 42-year longitudinal study starting in young adulthood","volume":"79","author":"Franz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.2217\/nmt.12.52","article-title":"Corpus Callosum in Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"2","author":"Frederiksen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurodegenerat. Dis. Manage."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-018-0164-4","article-title":"Neuroanatomical differences in obesity: Meta-analytic findings and their validation in an independent dataset","volume":"43","author":"Garc\u00eda-Garc\u00eda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes. (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0205","unstructured":"George, K., & Das, J. M. (2025). Neuroanatomy, Thalamocortical Radiations. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK546699\/."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2007.12.014","article-title":"Executive function","volume":"18","author":"Gilbert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.2021.2010640","article-title":"Motor Skill, Motor Planning, and Motor Performance in Adults with Severe Mental Illnesses and Obesity","volume":"54","author":"Gill","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mot. Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0220","article-title":"Structural Brain Changes Associated with Overweight and Obesity","volume":"2021","author":"G\u00f3mez-Apo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Obes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2017.04.022","article-title":"Circulating inflammatory biomarkers in relation to brain structural measurements in a non-demented elderly population","volume":"65","author":"Gu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI126078","article-title":"Visceral adipose NLRP3 impairs cognition in obesity via IL-1R1 on CX3CR1+ cells","volume":"130","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70526-9","article-title":"Adiposity indices and dementia","volume":"5","author":"Gustafson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000141850.47773.5F","article-title":"A 24-year follow-up of body mass index and cerebral atrophy","volume":"63","author":"Gustafson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.09.008","article-title":"Cortical thickness of the cognitive control network in obesity and successful weight loss maintenance: A preliminary MRI study","volume":"202","author":"Hassenstab","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"OCT","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0250","first-page":"35","article-title":"Distribution of neurons in functional areas of the mouse cerebral cortex reveals quantitatively different cortical zones","volume":"7","author":"Herculano-Houzel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Neuroanat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00352","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the right inferior frontal gyrus attenuates skin conductance responses to unpredictable threat conditions","volume":"10","author":"Herrmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12799","article-title":"Grey matter alterations in obesity: A meta-analysis of whole-brain studies","volume":"20","author":"Herrmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.087213","article-title":"Energy balance and obesity","volume":"126","author":"Hill","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2011.125","article-title":"Neural correlates of the volitional regulation of the desire for food","volume":"36","author":"Hollmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes. (Lond)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhae014","article-title":"Obesity is associated with alterations in anatomical connectivity of frontal-corpus callosum","volume":"34","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-42302010000100026","article-title":"Adipose tissue, inflammation and cardiovascular disease","volume":"56","author":"Ikeoka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras."},{"issue":"SEP","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0285","first-page":"1","article-title":"Adverse associations between visceral adiposity, brain structure, and cognitive performance in healthy elderly","volume":"3","author":"Isaac","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006213","article-title":"Brain imaging in Alzheimer disease","volume":"2","author":"Johnson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-016-9884-3","article-title":"Obesity and related consequences to ageing","volume":"38","author":"Jura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Age"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2530","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20386","article-title":"Obesity is associated with white matter atrophy: A combined diffusion tensor imaging and voxel-based morphometric study","volume":"21","author":"Karlsson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255583","article-title":"Racial, ethnic, and gender differences in obesity and body fat distribution: An All of Us Research Program demonstration project","volume":"16","author":"Karnes","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2019.12.052","article-title":"Comparison of volumetric and shape changes of subcortical structures based on 3-dimensional image between obesity and normal-weighted subjects using 3.0 T MRI","volume":"73","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.110.084830","article-title":"Clinical MR Spectroscopy: Techniques and Applications","volume":"52","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00249.2002","article-title":"Obesity-inducing amygdala lesions: Examination of anterograde degeneration and retrograde transport","volume":"284","author":"King","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.10.006","article-title":"Specific white matter tissue microstructure changes associated with obesity","volume":"125","author":"Kullmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12248","article-title":"Compromised white matter integrity in obesity","volume":"16","author":"Kullmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.45.120403.095843","article-title":"Fat cells: Afferent and efferent messages define new approaches to treat obesity","volume":"45","author":"Lafontan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25396","article-title":"Visceral obesity relates to deep white matter hyperintensities via inflammation","volume":"85","author":"Lampe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2009.10719799","article-title":"Reanalysis of the obesity-related attenuation in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex response to a satiating meal using gyral regions-of-interest","volume":"28","author":"Le","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26043","article-title":"7 tesla magnetic resonance imaging: A closer look at substantia nigra anatomy in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"29","author":"Leh\u00e9ricy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23453","article-title":"Comparison of a non\u2010stationary voxelation\u2010corrected cluster\u2010size test with TFCE for group\u2010Level MRI inference","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00985","article-title":"Neurochemical Modifications in the Hippocampus, Cortex and Hypothalamus of Mice Exposed to Long-Term High-Fat Diet","volume":"12","author":"Lizarbe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2019.01.005","article-title":"The Prefrontal Cortex and Obesity: A Health Neuroscience Perspective","volume":"23","author":"Lowe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI57132","article-title":"Inflammatory links between obesity and metabolic disease","volume":"121","author":"Lumeng","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2013.06.004","article-title":"Frontal cortical thinning and subcortical volume reductions in early adulthood obesity","volume":"214","author":"Marqu\u00e9s-Iturria","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2017.06.002","article-title":"The impact of obesity on neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"182","author":"Mazon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Medic, N., Ziauddeen, H., Ersche, K. D., Farooqi, I. S., Bullmore, E. T., Nathan, P. J., Ronan, L., & Fletcher, P. C. (2016). Accepted Article Preview: Published ahead of advance online publication. September 2015, 1\u201329. doi:10.1038\/ijo.2016.42.","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2016.42"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0390","series-title":"Neuroanatomy, Gray Matter","author":"Mercadante","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.04.001","article-title":"Obesity and neuroinflammation: A pathway to cognitive impairment","volume":"42","author":"Miller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803111","article-title":"Waist circumference cutoff points and action levels for Asian Indians for identification of abdominal obesity","volume":"30","author":"Misra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Obesity"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2017.162","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in obesity: Circulating lipopolysaccharide-binding protein associates with brain structure and cognitive performance","volume":"41","author":"Moreno-Navarrete","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Obesity"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-220535","article-title":"Obesity-Associated Neurodegeneration Pattern Mimics Alzheimer\u2019s Disease in an Observational Cohort Study","volume":"91","author":"Morys","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018544","article-title":"Sex-dependent influences of obesity on cerebral white matter investigated by diffusion-tensor imaging","volume":"6","author":"Mueller","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3790","article-title":"A guiding map for inflammation","volume":"18","author":"Netea","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-011-6165-z","article-title":"Clinical study of central taste disorders and discussion of the central gustatory pathway","volume":"259","author":"Onoda","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.04.010","article-title":"Imaging of Normal Brain Aging","volume":"32","author":"Ota","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroimag. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parikshak, N. N., Kuller, L. H., Lopez, O. L., Leow, A. D., Ho, A. J., Hua, X., Toga, A. W., Becker, J. T., Raji, C. A., & Thompson, P. M. (2009). Brain structure and obesity. Human Brain Mapping, 364(June 2009), NA-NA. doi:10.1002\/hbm.20870.","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20870"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2016.04.003","article-title":"Visceral adiposity predicts subclinical white matter hyperintensities in middle-aged adults","volume":"11","author":"Pasha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obes. Res. Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.316101","article-title":"Obesity Phenotypes, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":"126","author":"Pich\u00e9","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulat. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2015.10","article-title":"White matter hyperintensities, cognitive impairment and dementia: An update","volume":"11","author":"Prins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s40336-015-0142-y","article-title":"MRI\/MRS in neuroinflammation: Methodology and applications","volume":"3","author":"Quarantelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Imaging"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5366","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.11.7992","article-title":"Body Fat Distribution and Insulin Resistance in Healthy Asian Indians and Caucasians","volume":"86","author":"Raji","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20870","article-title":"Brain structure and obesity","volume":"31","author":"Raji","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20870","article-title":"Brain structure and obesity","volume":"31","author":"Raji","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.047","article-title":"Brain abnormalities in human obesity: A voxel-based morphometric study","volume":"31","author":"Reiman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.03.007","article-title":"Elevated body-mass index is associated with reduced white matter integrity in two large independent cohorts","volume":"91","author":"Repple","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2009.0116","article-title":"Hypertension, obesity, and inflammation: The complex designs of a deadly trio","volume":"8","author":"Rizvi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Metab. Syndr. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0490","article-title":"The orbitofrontal cortex, food reward, body weight and obesity","volume":"18","author":"Rolls","year":"2023","journal-title":"Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-024-02737-9","article-title":"Obesity: Exploring its connection to brain function through genetic and genomic perspectives","volume":"30","author":"Saeed","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2019.00464","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and White Matter Alterations in Obesity Assessed by Diffusion Basis Spectrum Imaging","volume":"13","author":"Samara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.236782","article-title":"Lean Metabolic Syndrome: An Emerging Concept","volume":"22","author":"Sanyal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318248e50f","article-title":"Circulating IL-6 and CRP are associated with MRI findings in the elderly","volume":"78","author":"Satizabal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155478","article-title":"Investigation of Genetic Variation Underlying Central Obesity amongst South Asians","volume":"11","author":"Scott","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1159\/000375143","article-title":"The Global Burden of Obesity and the Challenges of Prevention","volume":"66","author":"Seidell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S316064","article-title":"Obesity and Race May Explain Differential Burden of White Matter Hyperintensity Load","volume":"16","author":"Seixas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170055","article-title":"Increasing Body Mass Index at Midlife is Associated with Increased Cortical Thinning in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease-Vulnerable Regions","volume":"59","author":"Shaw","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2017.254","article-title":"Body mass index is associated with cortical thinning with different patterns in mid- and late-life","volume":"42","author":"Shaw","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes. (Lond)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2014.121","article-title":"Orbitofrontal cortex volume and brain reward response in obesity","volume":"39","author":"Shott","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes. (Lond)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2012.08.027","article-title":"Brain structure predicts risk for obesity","volume":"59","author":"Smucny","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2010.312","article-title":"Obesity is associated with reduced white matter integrity in otherwise healthy adults","volume":"19","author":"Stanek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-13-29","article-title":"Obesity indices and inflammatory markers in obese non-diabetic normo- and hypertensive patients: A comparative pilot study","volume":"13","author":"St\u0229pie\u0144","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stevenson, R. J., Miller, L. A., & McGrillen, K. (2014). Perception of odor-induced tastes following insular cortex lesion. Http:\/\/Dx.Doi.Org\/10.1080\/13554794.2013.860175, 21(1), 33\u201343. doi:10.1080\/13554794.2013.860175.","DOI":"10.1080\/13554794.2013.860175"},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12675","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3359-09.2009","article-title":"Intracranial EEG Reveals a Time- and Frequency-Specific Role for the Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus and Primary Motor Cortex in Stopping Initiated Responses","volume":"29","author":"Swann","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.032714","article-title":"A review of structural magnetic resonance neuroimaging","volume":"75","author":"Symms","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2013.04.011","article-title":"Ictal bradycardia and asystole in an adult with a focal left insular lesion","volume":"115","author":"Tayah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02317-9","article-title":"Towards individualized cortical thickness assessment for clinical routine","volume":"18","author":"Tahedl","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.00178","article-title":"Voxel-Based Morphometry Reveals a Correlation Between Bone Mineral Density Loss and Reduced Cortical Gray Matter Volume in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"12","author":"Takano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.4","article-title":"Relationship between body mass index and Gray Matter Volume in 1,428 healthy individuals","volume":"16","author":"Taki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-020-00412-y","article-title":"Cognition, Brain Structure, and Brain Function in Individuals with Obesity and Related Disorders","volume":"9","author":"Tanaka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Obes. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2014.10.002","article-title":"Hypothalamic microinflammation: A common basis of metabolic syndrome and aging","volume":"38","author":"Tang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00033.2011","article-title":"Pathophysiology of Human Visceral Obesity: An Update","volume":"93","author":"Tchernof","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-1605","article-title":"Hypothalamic inflammation: Marker or mechanism of obesity pathogenesis?","volume":"62","author":"Thaler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-016-9792-3","article-title":"Alterations in white matter volume and integrity in obesity and type 2 diabetes","volume":"31","author":"van Bloemendaal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0620","unstructured":"Van Wittenberghe, I. C., & Peterson, D. C. (2025). Corticospinal Tract Lesion. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK542201\/."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e318261909c","article-title":"Increased body mass index is associated with a global and distributed decrease in white matter microstructural integrity","volume":"74","author":"Verstynen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2013.11.011","article-title":"Blood markers of fatty acids and vitamin D, cardiovascular measures, body mass index, and physical activity relate to longitudinal cortical thinning in normal aging","volume":"35","author":"Walhovd","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"issue":"Volume 30 2007","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.30.051606.094334","article-title":"Orbitofrontal Cortex and Its Contribution to Decision-Making","volume":"30","author":"Wallis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20916","article-title":"Structural brain differences and cognitive functioning related to body mass index in older females","volume":"31","author":"Walther","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0645","article-title":"Obesity Reduces Cognitive and Motor Functions across the Lifespan","volume":"2016","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.114.001140","article-title":"What are white matter hyperintensities made of? Relevance to vascular cognitive impairment","volume":"4","author":"Wardlaw","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.09.005","article-title":"Fat-free body mass but not fat mass is associated with reduced gray matter volume of cortical brain regions implicated in autonomic and homeostatic regulation","volume":"64","author":"Weise","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.15.1617","article-title":"The Obese Without Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Clustering and the Normal Weight With Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Clustering: Prevalence and Correlates of 2 Phenotypes Among the US Population (NHANES 1999-2004)","volume":"168","author":"Wildman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2014.03.007","article-title":"Does the brain shrink as the waist expands?","volume":"20","author":"Willette","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8790","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158790","article-title":"Obesity-Related Neuroinflammation: Magnetic Resonance and Microscopy Imaging of the Brain","volume":"23","author":"Woo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0675","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2016). Obesity and overweight. http:\/\/www.who.int\/ mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs311\/en\/."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13182","article-title":"Differential effects of hunger and satiety on insular cortex and hypothalamic functional connectivity","volume":"43","author":"Wright","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2011.175","article-title":"Relation of regional gray and white matter volumes to current BMI and future increases in BMI: A prospective MRI study","volume":"36","author":"Yokum","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes. (Lond)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2773","article-title":"Causal role of the prefrontal cortex in top-down modulation of visual processing and working memory","volume":"14","author":"Zanto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2022.103179","article-title":"Neural structural abnormalities behind altered brain activation in obesity: Evidence from meta-analyses of brain activation and morphometric data","volume":"36","author":"Zapparoli","year":"2022","journal-title":"NeuroImage. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, B., Tian, X., Tian, D., Wang, J., Wang, Q., Yu, C., Li, C., & Wang, J. (2017). Altered Regional Gray Matter Volume in Obese Men: A Structural MRI Study. i(January), 1\u20137. doi:10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00125.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00125"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s11515-011-0950-z","article-title":"Amygdala, an important regulator for food intake","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Biol. China"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823_b0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, Y., & Garber, P. A. (2020). MRI Technology for Behavioral and Cognitive Studies in Macaques In Vivo. 287\u2013299. doi:10.1007\/978-3-030-27920-2_14.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-27920-2_14"}],"container-title":["Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006899325003841?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006899325003841?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T04:33:17Z","timestamp":1779769997000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006899325003841"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":142,"alternative-id":["S0006899325003841"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-8993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-8993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Impact of obesity on brain structure: A critical review of the evidence from Magnetic Resonance imaging studies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149823","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"149823"}}