{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T05:04:39Z","timestamp":1779771879415,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017510","name":"UK Dementia Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UKDRI-1005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UKDRI-1005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017510","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["107116\/Z\/15\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["107116\/Z\/15\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["223022\/Z\/21\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["223022\/Z\/21\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T08:04:49Z","timestamp":1752566689000},"page":"149827","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Plasma and serum BDNF differentially relate to fNIRS prefrontal cortex activity during executive function and memory tasks"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1865","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7423-1088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flaminia","family":"Ronca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cian","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2490-2960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom","family":"Gurney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giampietro","family":"Schiavo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilias","family":"Tachtsidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Pinti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul W.","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.26502\/jppd.2572-519X0025","article-title":"The role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the pathophysiology of psychiatric and neurological disorders","volume":"1","author":"Angoa-Perez","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Psychiatry Psychiatric Dis."},{"issue":"1481","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2007.2095","article-title":"Function and localization within rostral prefrontal cortex (area 10)","volume":"362","author":"Burgess","year":"2007","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc., B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0020","first-page":"524","article-title":"Rostral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 10)","author":"Burgess","year":"2013","journal-title":"Princ. Frontal Lobe Function"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhn065","article-title":"Functional dissociation in right inferior frontal cortex during performance of go\/no-go task","volume":"19","author":"Chikazoe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"issue":"6406","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan8821","article-title":"Combined adult neurogenesis and BDNF mimic exercise effects on cognition in an Alzheimer\u2019s mouse model","volume":"361","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117595","article-title":"Decoding verbal working memory representations of chinese characters from Broca's area","volume":"226","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnrgo.2022.806485","article-title":"Decreased exercise-induced changes in prefrontal cortex hemodynamics are associated with depressive symptoms","volume":"3","author":"Crum","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroergonomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108805","article-title":"Body fat predictive of acute effects of exercise on prefrontal hemodynamics and speed","volume":"196","author":"Crum","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.11.050","article-title":"Functional near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) signal improvement based on negative correlation between oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin dynamics","volume":"49","author":"Cui","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.3390\/life11111256","article-title":"The pleiotropic potential of BDNF beyond neurons: implication for a healthy mind in a healthy body","volume":"11","author":"Di Rosa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13603","article-title":"The effect of acute exercise on blood concentrations of brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor in healthy adults: a meta\u2010analysis","volume":"46","author":"Dinoff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2006.01732.x","article-title":"Predicting cognitive control from preschool to late adolescence and young adulthood","volume":"17","author":"Eigsti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5368","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6251-09.2010","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is associated with age-related decline in hippocampal volume","volume":"30","author":"Erickson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fairclough, S.H., Burns, C., Kreplin, U., 2018. FNIRS activity in the prefrontal cortex and motivational intensity: impact of working memory load, financial reward, and correlation-based signal improvement. Neurophotonics. ;5(3):035001. doi: 10.1117\/1.NPh.5.3.035001. PMID: 30035151; PMCID: PMC6041856.","DOI":"10.1117\/1.NPh.5.3.035001"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(96)01013-2","article-title":"The functional neuroanatomy of episodic memory","volume":"20","author":"Fletcher","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.460020402","article-title":"Statistical parametric maps in functional imaging: a general linear approach","volume":"2","author":"Friston","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9655","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45976-5","article-title":"Associations between serum and plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor and influence of storage time and centrifugation strategy","volume":"9","author":"Gejl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2005.03981.x","article-title":"Involvement of rostral prefrontal cortex in selection between stimulus\u2010oriented and stimulus\u2010independent thought","volume":"21","author":"Gilbert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157449","article-title":"The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism influences reading ability and patterns of neural activation in children","volume":"11","author":"Jasi\u0144ska","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617716000230","article-title":"Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor mediates the relationship between abdominal adiposity and executive function in middle age","volume":"22","author":"Kaur","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145710000738","article-title":"Blood BDNF concentrations reflect brain-tissue BDNF levels across species","volume":"14","author":"Klein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2008.07.014","article-title":"BDNF is a novel marker of cognitive function in ageing women: the DR\u2019s EXTRA Study","volume":"90","author":"Komulainen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00985","article-title":"BDNF mediates improvements in executive function following a 1-year exercise intervention","volume":"8","author":"Leckie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.1.506","article-title":"Prefrontal cortex and episodic memory retrieval mode","volume":"97","author":"Lepage","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1418162112","article-title":"Sound representation in higher language areas during language generation","volume":"112","author":"Magrassi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2013.10.006","article-title":"BDNF mediates adaptive brain and body responses to energetic challenges","volume":"25","author":"Marosi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends in Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00363","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor: a key molecule for memory in the healthy and the pathological brain","volume":"13","author":"Miranda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3390\/bs9080083","article-title":"Exercise intensity influences prefrontal cortex oxygenation during cognitive testing","volume":"9","author":"Moriarty","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behavioral Sciences"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3080","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.126","article-title":"The role of BDNF in age-dependent changes of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic markers in the human prefrontal cortex","volume":"41","author":"Oh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186384","article-title":"The association between serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor and a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents: the CHAMPS-study DK","volume":"12","author":"Pedersen","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0175","unstructured":"Penny, W. D., Friston, K. J., Ashburner, J. T., Kiebel, S. J., & Nichols, T. E. (Eds.). (2011). Statistical parametric mapping: the analysis of functional brain images. Elsevier."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145709991015","article-title":"Decreased BDNF levels in CSF of drug-naive first-episode psychotic subjects: correlation with plasma BDNF and psychopathology","volume":"13","author":"Pillai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00505","article-title":"Current status and issues regarding pre-processing of fNIRS neuroimaging data: an investigation of diverse signal filtering methods within a general linear model framework","volume":"12","author":"Pinti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00273","article-title":"Mechanism of BDNF modulation in GABAergic synaptic transmission in healthy and disease brains","volume":"12","author":"Porcher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0195","unstructured":"R Core Team. (2022). R: A language and environment for statistical computing (Version 4.2.0) [Computer software]. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.06.054","article-title":"Reduction of global interference of scalp-hemodynamics in functional near-infrared spectroscopy using short distance probes","volume":"141","author":"Sato","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2014.00069","article-title":"A large, cross-sectional observational study of serum BDNF, cognitive function, and mild cognitive impairment in the elderly","volume":"6","author":"Shimada","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.3390\/life11040313","article-title":"The relationship between overweight\/obesity and executive control in college students: the mediating effect of BDNF and 5-HT","volume":"11","author":"Si","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.04.018","article-title":"Impact of high intensity interval exercise on executive function and brain derived neurotrophic factor in healthy college aged males","volume":"191","author":"Slusher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0225","article-title":"False positives and false negatives in functional near-infrared spectroscopy: issues, challenges, and the way forward","volume":"3","author":"Tachtsidis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurophotonics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1139\/bcb-2013-0005","article-title":"BDNF protects human vascular endothelial cells from TNF\u03b1-induced apoptosis","volume":"91","author":"Takeda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2007.12.029","article-title":"Distinct roles for lateral and medial rostral prefrontal cortex in source monitoring of perceived and imagined events","volume":"46","author":"Turner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2008.12.007","article-title":"Exercise and the brain: something to chew on","volume":"32","author":"Van Praag","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1038\/35044558","article-title":"Neural consequences of enviromental enrichment","volume":"1","author":"Van Praag","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2018.1425478","article-title":"Plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (pBDNF) and executive dysfunctions in patients with major depressive disorder","author":"Wagner","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1117\/1.NPh.7.3.035011","article-title":"Short-channel regression in functional near-infrared spectroscopy is more effective when considering heterogeneous scalp hemodynamics","volume":"7","author":"Wyser","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurophotonics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.08.036","article-title":"NIRS-SPM: statistical parametric mapping for near-infrared spectroscopy","volume":"44","author":"Ye","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, R., Geng, X., Lee, T.M.C., 2017. Large-scale functional neural network correlates of response inhibition: an fMRI meta-analysis. Brain Struct. Funct., 222, 3973\u20133990.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-017-1443-x"}],"container-title":["Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006899325003889?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006899325003889?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T04:34:17Z","timestamp":1779770057000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006899325003889"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S0006899325003889"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-8993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-8993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Plasma and serum BDNF differentially relate to fNIRS prefrontal cortex activity during executive function and memory tasks","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149827","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"149827"}}